近年來，隨著多元議題及社會創新蓬勃發展，人們意識到透過創新思維與社會影響力將是社會前進的催化劑。設計思維（由IDEO提出）是一個以人為本的解決問題方法論，透過以人的需求為出發點，旨在為各種議題尋求創新解決方案，並創造更多的可能性。但在現今社會的複雜發展過程中，透過設計思維方法論所得到的解決方案往往無法完全落實。現今，循環經濟是社會創新中的熱門議題，IDEO也特別針對循環經濟制定了循環設計指南(The Circular Design Guide)，大家將其視為設計思維2.0。
本文目的透過系統思考的視角，探討設計思考如何能有效地落實並使社會創新議題擴散。基於上述目的，本研究選擇同為IDEO所推出的”循環設計指南(The Circular Design Guide)”作為案例研究。本研究旨在採用質性研究法。前期利用文獻回顧、參與式觀察和案例研究所得資訊利用比較法進行分析。後期則將分析後的資訊統整並規劃出行動方案的流程。最後透過實際執行行動方案與深度訪談將結論撰寫於研究結果以供建議。
本研究結果顯示，設計思考與社會創新有著共同的目標，旨在創造積極的社會影響。在復雜的社會系統中，設計思維可以更準確地找到問題的癥結，並提出更廣泛、更可實施的解決方案，同時也面臨了二大挑戰。首先，同理心作為情感有其局限性。其次，但在社會創新方面，其產生的解決方案大多是針對問題的原型產品或服務。然而，即使該服務能夠解決最初設定的用戶問題，但後續擴散仍會帶來商業和戰略方面的其他挑戰。設計思考需要結合另一種意識形態：系統思考研究複雜的整體。如若將系統思考融入設計思考可以為設計師提供強大的工具，以有效應對複雜的時代和挑戰。
持續創新和設計思考是傳統線性經濟向循環經濟轉型的關鍵因素。循環經濟領域的創新思維將不斷進步。通過循環經濟的突破性實踐，構建全球定位下的循環經濟發展道路，進一步拓展創新商業模式、共享經濟、循環農業等運營模式，讓世界邁入循環經濟新時代，實現產業發展和環境保護的可持續發展目標。系統思考是與可持續發展目標無縫對接的最優問題解決框架。這兩個概念緊密相連。基於系統思考的循環設計指南可以作為可持續發展所需的創新框架內的重要元素。
基於運用循環設計指南與設計思考的工作坊中，多數參與者對於循環經濟的了解薄弱，透過系統思考工具，有效了解其架構，並於後續討論中讓議題擴散；相對設計思考組別則是以人為優先考量，但並未有將循環概念有效落實議題。在後續產出的想法，設計思考組別認為若非實際產品，在測試階段難以確認是否足以實行，對於如何修正也較無頭緒；相對系統思考組別，則認為系統思考可以通過反覆實驗和反饋有效縮小範圍並實現目標。
設計思維適用於需要大量爆炸性和獨特想法的單一、狹窄的主題；系統思維適用於復雜而廣泛的問題。我認為不僅僅是一種方法取代另一種方法，它取決於討論的主題、參與成員、涉及廣泛度、最終目標等因素，每種理論都有其存在的價值。

In recent years, with the vigorous development of diverse issues and social innovation, people have come to realize that innovation thinking, and social impact will be catalysts for societal progress. Design thinking, proposed by IDEO, is a human-centered problem-solving methodology that aims to seek innovative solutions for various issues by starting with human needs and creating more possibilities. However, in the complex development process of today's society, the solutions derived from design thinking methodology often fail to be fully implemented. Currently, the circular economy is a hot topic in social innovation, and IDEO has specifically developed The Circular Design Guide as a framework for circular economy design. It is regarded as Design Thinking 2.0.
The purpose of this article is to explore how design thinking can be effectively implemented and diffuse social innovation issues from the perspective of systems thinking. With this purpose in mind, this study selects "The Circular Design Guide" introduced by IDEO as a case study. The research aims to adopt a qualitative research method. In the preliminary stage, information obtained through literature review, participatory observation, and case studies will be analyzed using a comparative approach. In the later stage, the analyzed information will be integrated, and a process for developing an action plan will be devised. Finally, the conclusions drawn from the implementation of the action plan and in-depth interviews will be documented as recommendations in the research findings.
The findings of this study demonstrate that design thinking and social innovation share a common goal of creating positive social impact. In complex social systems, design thinking can more accurately identify the root causes of problems and propose more comprehensive and implementable solutions. However, it also faces two major challenges. Firstly, empathy as an emotion has its limitations. Secondly, in the realm of social innovation, the solutions generated are often prototypes of products or services targeted at specific problems. However, even if the service can address the initial user problem, subsequent diffusion still presents other challenges in terms of business and strategy. Design thinking needs to integrate another ideology: systems thinking, which studies the complexities of the whole. By incorporating systems thinking into design thinking, designers can have a powerful tool to effectively address the complexities of our time and challenges.
Continuous innovation and design thinking are key factors in the transition from a traditional linear economy to a circular economy. The innovation thinking in the field of circular economy will continue to progress. Through groundbreaking practices in the circular economy, a development path for the circular economy can be constructed under a global context, further expanding innovative business models, sharing economy, circular agriculture, and other operational models. This will lead the world into a new era of the circular economy, achieving the sustainable development goals of industrial development and environmental protection. Systems thinking is the optimal problem-solving framework that seamlessly aligns with sustainable development goals. These two concepts are closely intertwined. The Circular Design Guide based on systems thinking can serve as an important element within the innovation framework required for sustainable development.
Based on the workshops using the Circular Design Guide and design thinking, it was observed that most participants had a weak understanding of the circular economy. Using systems thinking tools, they were able to effectively grasp its framework and facilitate the diffusion of the issues in subsequent discussions. On the other hand, the design thinking groups prioritized human-centric considerations but did not effectively incorporate the concept of circularity into the issues at hand. In terms of generating ideas for future actions, the design thinking groups found it challenging to determine whether their proposed solutions were feasible without actual products and lacked guidance on how to make necessary adjustments. Conversely, the systems thinking groups believed that systems thinking allowed for iterative experimentation and feedback, enabling them to narrow down the scope and achieve their goals effectively.
Design thinking is suitable for single, narrow topics that require many explosive and unique ideas. Systems thinking, on the other hand, is applicable to complex and broad problems. I believe it is not a matter of one method replacing the other; it depends on factors such as the topic of discussion, the participants involved, the breadth of the issue, and the ultimate goals. Each theory has its own value and relevance.

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