研究背景及目的：認知缺損為精神分裂症患者常見的核心問題之一，而記憶障礙即為其中一項重要的認知缺失。雖然傳統之實驗室的記憶測驗可瞭解患者的記憶障礙類型，但其評估結果不一定能真實反映患者在日常生活中的記憶表現，其生態效度可能有所限制。近年來學者開始提倡日常記憶(everyday memory)的重要性，主張由模擬的日常活動中評量日常生活所需的記憶能力，可較直接反映腦傷患者在日常生活可能遭遇的記憶困難。由於目前探討精神分裂症患者之日常記憶功能的研究並不多，故本研究旨在深入瞭解精神分裂症患者整體與各層面之日常記憶的缺失狀況，並進一步分析患者之日常記憶障礙對其各類功能性表現的影響。
研究方法：本研究招募80位精神分裂症患者。所有患者皆進行操作式行為記憶測驗(Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test)之日常記憶功能的評量，以及各類功能性表現的評量，包含日常生活功能、社會功能、社區功能預後以及生活品質等評估。有接受工作訓練之40位患者則另外接受工作行為表現的評估。
研究結果： 80%的受試者患有日常記憶缺失的情形，特別是口語記憶及視覺記憶的缺損最為嚴重。受試者的日常記憶缺失與其各類功能性表現存在顯著的相關性 (r值介於-.37~.53，p值皆小於.02），其中與日常生活功能、社交功能以及工作表現相關性較高，而與社區功能以及生活品質相關性較低。在日常記憶各範疇則以視覺記憶以及學習記憶與各功能性表現的相關性最為廣泛。此外，迴歸分析的結果顯示，除社區功能外，整體日常記憶表現可成為日常生活功能、社交功能、生活品質以及工作行為表現之顯著預測因子。而各範疇中又以學習記憶的預測力最佳。
結論：精神分裂症患者的日常記憶功能確有嚴重缺失，且會對其日常記憶會對精神分裂症患者各方面之功能性表現造成影響，因此建議臨床上應重視對精神分裂症患者之日常記憶進行適當評估與介入，以促進其功能性表現。

Background & purpose: The importance of everyday memory has been advanced in recent years, and which can take practical and broad approach to reflect the memory domains in everyday life. However, few studies have been done on the everyday memory in patients with schizophrenia and little is known about how everyday memory impairments influence their functional performance. The purposes of the study were to investigate the specific profile of everyday memory across different domains in schizophrenia and to explore the impact of everyday memory impairments on functional performance.
Methods: A total of 80 patients with schizophrenia participated in this study. Their everyday memory performance was evaluated using the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test-3rd edition (RBMT-3). All participants also completed functional performance assessments, including the Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale II (ADLRS-II), the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP), the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Otherwise, the Work Behavior Inventory (WBI) was used to determine the work performance for 40 patients with employment training.
Results: 80% of participants were found to have impaired everyday memory, predominantly in the verbal and visual memory domains. Significant correlations between the total score of the RBMT-3 and performance on the ADLRS-II, PSP, and WBI were presented. Among everyday memory domains, verbal memory and learning domains are strongly associated with most functional performances. Regression analysis indicated that total score of the RBMT-3 predicted all functional performance measures except the HoNOS. The best predictor of functional performance in everyday memory domains is new learning ability.
Conclusion: The study revealed everyday memory impairments in schizophrenia and their negative impacts on functional performances. Evaluation and intervention focusing on everyday memory impairments in schizophrenia are needed to maximize their functional adaptation and independence.

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