轉爐石細粉料（Basic oxygen furnace slag）為一貫作業煉鋼廠之副產物，具有優良之物理特性，適合作為混凝土之骨材，然而其中含有未反應之游離石灰（free CaO），與水反應後會形成Ca(OH)2，該過程將造成體積膨脹，致使產品出現體積不穩定性現象，加上轉爐石細粉料具有高pH值特性，以上缺陷使其資源化途徑受限。本研究提出水熱改質法，通過於水熱條件下添加SiO2，與轉爐石中的CaO或Ca(OH)2反應而形成水化產物，改善轉爐石細粉料之體積穩定性並降低其pH範圍。由於SiO2之反應性與溫度與晶體結構有關，本研究分別在常壓與水熱條件下添加結晶型及非晶型SiO2改質轉爐石細粉料，探討添加量及轉爐石細粉料粒徑對改質結果之影響，初步藉由pH值、Ca2+溶出濃度及CaO晶相之變化進行評估，並以熱壓膨脹試驗探討體積穩定性之改善、pH關聯性試驗探討改質成品之環境特性。
研究結果顯示，4.75-0.6 mm粒徑之轉爐石細粉料體積不穩定情形，經XRD分析，發現其中存有CaO晶相。改質結果顯示，添加結晶型與非晶型SiO2於12 atm、蒸養12小時之水熱條件下改質轉爐石細粉料，分別可使轉爐石細粉料之pH值由12.39下降至11.5及10.7。此外，通過熱壓膨脹試驗發現在水熱條件下添加兩種型態SiO2皆可改善轉爐石細粉料之體積穩定性，其中，結晶型SiO2試驗組通過熱壓膨脹試驗。通過觀察XRD分析轉爐石細粉料晶相變化可知，經水熱改質程序可使2.36 mm以下轉爐石細粉料內部之CaO轉換為Ca(OH)2或與SiO2反應生成鈣矽水合物，因此得以改善轉爐石細粉料之體積穩定性。而由酸中和能力試驗之結果可知，經水熱改質程序後轉爐石細粉料之pH值更容易降低達環境範圍，環境友善程度有所提升。綜合以上討論得知，通過水熱改質法，可以改善轉爐石細粉料之體積穩定性，並提升環境友善性，說明改質後轉爐石細粉料可以作為工程應用之材料。

Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF slag) is a byproduct of integrated steel mills, and has good mechanical properties which give it the potential to be used as an aggregate of concrete materials. However, it contents unreacted free CaO, which produces Ca(OH)2 on contact with water. This leads to expansion and ultimately problems with volume instability. Additionally, BOF slag has a high pH level. These defeats limit the recycling pathways for BOF slag. A hydrothermal modification process is proposed in this experiment by the addition of SiO2, which reacts with CaO and Ca(OH)2 to produce calcium silicate hydrate. That reduces the volume instability and also the pH level of the BOF slag. Since the reactivity of SiO2 is related to the temperature and crystal phase, both factors are discussed. The effect of particle size to the result of modification has also been explored. In this study, indexes such as a reduction of pH level and the CaO phase were considered. An autoclave expansion test and acid neutralization capacity test were conducted to assess the improvement of volume stability and environmental properties.
In this study, BOF slag having a particle size range of 4.75-0.6 mm was found to have volume instability and CaO phase was found. Through a hydrothermal modification process, the volume stability of the test groups that were modified by crystalline SiO2 and amorphous SiO2 under 12 atm for 12 hours were greatly improved. Through XRD analysis, we can deduce that CaO in BOF slag of a particle size smaller than 2.36 mm was converted into Ca(OH)2 or calcium silicate hydrates, thus reducing the volume instability and pH level of the BOF slag. Finally, an acid neutralization capacity test was conducted through which it was found that the ANC curve shifted left. The result tells us that the modified BOF slag is a more environmentally friendly material. To sum up, through the hydrothermal modification process, the volume stability and environmental properties of the modified BOF slag were improved, showing potential for it to be utilized as a civil engineering material.

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