研究背景：過去十年長期追蹤研究發現未成年母親之子女相較成年母親之子女在國小一年級與六年級時智力測驗得分百分等級較低、有較高的行為困擾傾向，且在校各科成績表現較差，而在國中二、三年級，生育年齡較輕的母親組男孩在注意力問題上依然存在，女孩則在進入青少年後有注意力問題及焦慮、憂鬱等內化問題出現，且生育年齡較輕的母親組的各科成績表現較差。
研究對象與工具：研究對象為2002年以立意取樣的方式，於台南市安南區12所國民小學一、二年級，篩選出為母親20歲以下生育者(n=123)與同班級、同年級、同性別，對照組為母親為成年生育者的學童(n=122)。國民中學學生基本能力測驗包含國文、英文、數學、自然、社會、寫作共六科。
研究結果：成年母親組之子女在基測成績表現上是顯著高於未成年母親組之子女，男生的差異程度是大於女生，而未成年母親組之子女基測成績在全國考生排名，落在後25%的比例約五成。控制母親生育年齡後，母親教育程度、子女居住方式、培養子女閱讀習慣、提供課業相關協助及子女是否補習仍為重要影響因子；在各科中培養子女閱讀習慣及子女的性別是導致未成年母親組組內基測表現差異。在家長及老師評估的CBCL、TRF，不論是在成年母親組、未成年母親組及子女性別上皆是呈現負相關，而學童自我評估的YSR行為評估量表方面，未成年母親組男生的基測成績與行為問題是呈現正相關，特別在焦慮/憂慮等內化行為問題，在性別上，女生有較多的社交問題及違紀問題與基測表現有相關，男生則是有較高程度的焦慮/憂慮問題、思考問題。
結論：母親生育年齡持續影響學童的基測表現，在控制母親生育年齡後，母親教育程度及親子互動程度(培養子女閱讀習慣、提供課業上的協助)為造成兩組差異的主要因素，而培養子女閱讀習慣可以促使未成年母親之子女基測表現優異。建議多提供學童的學業關懷協助及父親親職教育，鼓勵父親參與子女成長，刺激子女智力和行為正向發展。

Background：According to the longitudinal study over the past decade, children born to the adolescent mothers had lower intelligence test scores, more behavioral problems, and poorer academic performance at the first and sixth grades of the elementary school compared with those born to the adult mothers. At the second and third years of the junior high school, attention deficits among the boys born to the adolescent mothers still persisted. Internal behavior problems such as attention deficits, anxiety and depression intensified among the girls born to the adolescent mothers.
Materials and method：Study with purposive sampling at 2002, 12 elementary schools in the first and second years of An-Nan district of Tainan city were recruited. Selected for the birth maternal age ≤ 20 (n = 123) and control group for maternal age >20 with the same class, same grade and same sex(n = 122). Junior High School Basic Competence Test (BCT) include Chinese, English, Mathematics, Science, Society and Writing.
Results：The children born to the adult mothers in the BCT performance is significantly higher than the children born to the adolescent mothers, and boy is worse than girl. And adolescent mothers’ children have about fiftypercent in BCT of last quarter of candidates ranked in the country. Controlling for child-bearing age of mother show mother's education, children living, training children reading habits, to provide academic assistance are still important factors. Training children reading habits and children sex result in BCT performance of adolescent mothers group differences.All subjects of two groups is negative correlated with CBCL,TRF. In YSR,boys born to the adolescent mothers is positive correlated with BCT performance, especially anxious / depressed internalizing behavior problems. Girls have more social problems and delinquent behavior associated with BCT performance, while boys have more anxious / depressed and thought problems.
Conclusions：Maternal Age at Childbearing continue to have influence on students BCT. Controlling for child-bearing age of mother, maternal education and parent-child interaction level (training children reading habits, to provide academic assistance) as the main factors causing differences between the two groups.In adolescent mothers groups training children reading habits can promote outstanding BCT performance. We suggest that the government provide more academic help for students and father parenting education, and we encourage fathers involved more to children lives stimulating intellectual and behavioral positive development.

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