| 研究生: |
周廖益 Chou, Liao-yi |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
員工工作價值與工作績效關係之研究 The Research on Correlations between Work Value and Job Performance of Business Employees |
| 指導教授: |
簡金成
Chien, Chin-Chen 康榮寶 Kang, Jang-Pao |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA) Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) |
| 論文出版年: | 2007 |
| 畢業學年度: | 95 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 80 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 工作價值觀 、目的性工作價值觀 、工具性工作價值觀 、工作績效 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | work value, job performance, terminal work values, instrumental work values |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:133 下載:2 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本論文是想透過對企業員工內心認知的工作價值觀做調查,來瞭解「工作價值觀」對「工作績效」之影響。研究的主要目的欲了解個人變項對工作績效是否有顯著的影響;其次,探討工作價值觀與工作績效是否有顯著相關;探討企業人力資源管理措施與員工工作績效間之關係是否有顯著的關係均在本研究中探討。研究成果亦將提陳建議,供企業做為協助人力資源管理工作中,有關招募、訓練、績效考核及人員留任等作業更有具體成效之參考。
本研究是以問卷調查方式,採用吳鐵雄等人所編訂之「工作價值觀量表」問卷為工具,選取某企業之員工為研究對象,以便利抽樣的方式進行問卷調查,總共發出 300 份問卷,回收 267,扣除無效問卷 9 份,實得有效問卷 258份。資料分析係利用 SPSS統計軟體進行整理、登錄及分析。所採用的統計方法包括敘述性統計─平均值、標準差、百分比等,以分析樣本結構、因素分析解釋共同因素之內涵、信度分析以測量量表研究的結果是否具有一致性或穩定性的程度、相關分析來檢定工作價值觀各個構面、人力資源管理措施的認知及工作績效之間的相關程度、迴歸分析判斷整體關係是否具有統計上的顯著性,再解釋準則變數的變異方面等。
研究分析結果顯示不同個人背景變項之員工,在工作績效上有顯著差異。工作價值觀與工作績效則具有部分顯著相關。另外人力資源管理措施與工作績效也具有部分顯著相關。
根據本研究結果對企業提陳下列建議:
(1)以工作價值觀作為招募與甄選的輔助工具。
(2)發展員工團體互助的人際關係能力。
(3)營造人性化管理的工作環境。
(4)正確工作價值觀輔導及推廣。
(5)強化工作經驗傳承及諮詢協助。
(6)專業性證照制度及專業幹部培育。
This research aims to understand the influence of work values on job efficiency through an investigation on the cognitive recognition of work values on rapid transit corpoaration. The main purpose of the research is to understand if personal variables will have a tremendous effect on job performance, and secondly to explore if work values are related to job performance. This paper will also study if the human resource management practices in one corpoaration industry have a noticeable relationship in the job performance of the employees. The research will also suggest and provide various effective references to accessible for the rapid transit corpoaration industry to use in the recruitment, training, and performance evaluation of employees.
This research uses the work value scale developed by Tei-Xiung Wu, cross referenced with the human resource management scale developed for rapid transit corpoaration and the job performance scale designed by Ting-Kwan Lin as reference tools. The research chooses a someone rapid transit corpoaration as subjects for random question airing. A total of 300 questionnaires were given out, and 267 copies were returned, 9 copies were declared ineffective, received 258 usable questionnaires. A SPSS statistic system was used to compile record and analyze the data retrieved. The analysis methods used includes descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, to analysis the structure of the data. The factor analysis was used to explain the connotation of the common factor, and trust analysis is used to make sure the result of the research contained a consistency of stability. The relative analysis is used to recognize the different factors of work values, and the relationships between the cognitive recognition of human resource management practices and the job performance. Lastly, regression analysis is used to determine if the whole relationship shows from a statistical point of view, and then to explain variables in criterion variable.
The data analysis reveals that the different background variables on different employees will affect their job performance. A certain relationship between work values and job performance is also displayed. Lastly, the human resource management practices and job performance also shows a certain linkage.
Based on this research outcome, below suggestions are given to the rapid transit corpoaration industry:
(1)Use work value as the reference tool for recruitment and selecting employees.
(2)Develop the group help and personal interact relationship among rapid transit corpoaration society.
(3)Create a user friendly management working environment.
(4)Promotion and counsel the correct work values.
(5)Emphasize the passing of work experience and provide counseling help.
(6)Develop the system of performance certificates and the education of professional management.
(一)中文文獻
1.王馨(2003),「文化、人格心理因素、高績效人力資源管理實務與組織績效」,國立成功大學國際企業研究所碩士論文。
2.吳鐵雄、李坤崇、劉佑星、歐慧敏(1996),「工作價值觀量表之編製研究」,台北:行政院青年輔導委員會。
3.吳秉恩(1999),「組織行為學」,華泰書局,台北。
4.吳明隆、(2000),SPSS統計應用實務,松崗電腦圖書公司,台北。
5.吳萬益、林清河(2001),「企業研究方法」,華泰文化,台北。
6.吳安妮、劉俊儒(2001),「員工面、內部營運面、及顧客面對財務績效影響之實證研究」,臺灣管理學刊,第一卷第一期,頁125-150。
7.吳萬益、林文寶(2002),「主管行為特性、組織文化、組織學習方式與經營績效關係之研究」,輔仁管理評論,第九卷第一期,頁71-94。
8.李青芬、李雅婷、趙慕芬譯(1995),「組織行為學」第六版,華泰書局,台北。
9.李冠儀(2000),「國小教師對學校組織氣候知覺、工作價值觀與專業承諾之相關研究」,國立花蓮師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
10.李元墩、林育理、陳啟光(2001),「銀行業主管領導型態與部屬人格特質、組織承諾及其生產力關係模式之研究—LISREL分析法之應用」,人力資源管理學報,第一卷第二期,頁1-23。
11.房美玉(2003),「台灣半導體產業之組織文化對於內外工作動機與工作績效及工作滿意度間間關連性的影響」,管理評論,第二十一卷第三期,頁69-96。
12.河野豐弘(1992),「改造企業文化」(初版),彭德中譯,台北:遠流出版公司。
13.姜定宇、鄭伯壎、任金剛、黃政瑋(2003),「組織忠誠:本土化的建構與測量」, 本土心理學研究,第十九期,頁273-337。
14.施惠薰譯,Ken Blanchard & Michael O’Connor(2000),「搶救雷恩公司:一個價值管理的成功故事」,台北:天下遠見出版股份有限公司。
15.孫沁光(2000),「從價值觀觀點探討工作生活品質、工作價值觀契合與個人效能之關聯性研究」,國防管理學院資源管理研究所碩士論文。
16.馬維揚(1998),「科學園區人力資源問題之研議」,台灣經濟金融月刊第34卷第六期,6月。
17.張緯良譯,Dessler (1994),「人力資源管理」,台北:華泰出版社,頁249。
18.張火燦 (1996),「策略性人力資源管理,揚智文化事業股份有限公司」,台北。
19.張淼江(2003),「兩岸員工工作價值觀、工作滿意與工作績效關係之研究-以定期貨櫃運送業為例」,國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所碩士論文。
20.莊健祥(1993),「成就動機與工作績效之相關研究」,國立台灣科技大學管理技術研究所碩士論文。
21.陳人豪(2001),「兩岸員工工作價值觀與工作特性對工作態度之影響」,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
22.黃同圳(1993),「青年勞工工作價值觀與組織向心力之研究」,行政院青輔會研究計劃。
23.黃同圳(1993),「國內企業實施參與管理模式之研究」,國科會專題研究計劃報告。
24.黃正雄(1999),「價值觀一致性」與「組織承諾」、「組織公民行為」間關係之探討,管理評論。
25.劉兆明(1995),「工作價值觀及其形成歷程之探討」,應用心理學報,第1期:頁73-103。
26.曾素雲(2001),「工作團隊中工作價值觀、團隊特性與團隊績效之相關研究」,中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
27.黃同圳(1992),「年輕的心事-企業新進員工工作價值觀初探」,管理雜誌,第212 期,頁65-69。
28.黃家齊、顧萱萱(1999),「人力資本投資與組織績效」,一九九九海峽兩岸財經與商學研討會論文集,頁385-400。
29.黃同圳(2002),「人力資源管理的12堂課」,天下文化,台北。
30.楊麗華(2001),「員工工作生活品質滿意度與個人工作績效關係之探討,以台北凱悅大飯店為例」,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
31.廖曜生(1997),「彈性工時制度,個人屬性與工作特性,工作滿足,工作績效關係之研究--以國內電子業為例」,國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
32.劉家駒(1995),「由組織及均衡觀點探討職位結構、組織承諾與承諾管理關係之研究」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
33.潘英美譯(1999),「老人與社會」,五南圖書出版有限公司,台北。
34.鄭伯壎、謝光進編譯(1994),「工業心理學」,第十版,大洋出版社,台北。
35.鄭伯壎、周麗芳、樊景立(2000),「家長式領導:三元模式的建構與測量」,第五屆華人心理與行為科技學術研討會宣讀論文,台北:中央研究院。
36.霍祥雲(2002),「工作價值觀、領導型態、工作滿足與自覺工作績效之相關研究-以內政部老人安養護機構為例」,東華大學公共行政研究所碩士論文。
37.龔榮津(2001),「行動通訊部門主管領導型態對員工工作績效影響之研究」,交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
(二)英文文獻
38.Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J. and Sivasubramaniam, N.(2003), “Context and leadership: an examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire,” The Leadership Quarterly, 14, pp. 261–295.
39.Arnold, K. A., Barling, J. and Krlloway, E. K.(2001), “Transformational leadership or the iron cage: Which predicts trust, commitment and team efficacy,” Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22(7/8), pp. 315-320.
40.Aryee, S. L., Budhwar, P. S. and Chen, Z. X.(2002), “Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: Test of a social exchange model,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, pp. 267-285.
41.Avolio, B. J.(1999), Full leadership development: building the vital forces in organizations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
42.Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M. and Jung, D. I.(1999), “Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire,” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, pp. 441 - 462.
43.Babakus, E., Cravens, D. W., Grant, K., Ingram, T. N. and LaForge, R. W.(1999), “Invesgating the relationships among sales, management control, sales territory design, salesperson performance, and sales organization effectiveness,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13, pp. 345 - 363.
44.Banker, R. D., Chang, H. and Pizzini, M. J.(2004), “The balanced scorecard judgmental effects of performance measures linked to strategy,” The Accounting Reviews, 79, pp. 1 - 23.
45.Barney, J. B.(1986), “Organizational culture: can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage,” Academy of Management Studies, 20(4), pp. 453-465.
46.Barom, R.A.(1997), Behavior in organizations, 7th ed., New Jersey:Prentice Hall.
47.Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J.(1990), Transformational leadership development: manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
48.Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J.(1993), Transformational leadership: A response to critiques leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions, San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
49.Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J.(1995), The multifactor leadership questionnaire, Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.
50.Bass. B. M. and Avolio, B. J.(1997), Full range leadership development:Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire, Mind Garden.
51.Bryman, A.(1992), Charisma and leadership in organizations, London: Sage Publications.
52.Bycio, P., Hackett, R. D. and Allen, J. S.(1985), “Further assessments of Bass’s (1985) conceptualization of transactional and transformational leadership,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, pp. 468-478.
53.Cameron, K. S.(1985), Culture congruence strength and type:Relationships to effective, Working paper. Business school, University of Michigan.
54.Carless, S. A.(1998), “Assessing the discriminant validity of transformational leader behavior as measured by the MLQ,” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 71, pp. 353–358.
55.Chen, L. Y.(2002), “An examination of the relationship between leadership behavior and organizational commitment at steel companies,” Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 7(2), pp. 122 - 142.
56.Clark T.(1990), “International Marketing and National Character : A review and proposal for an integrative theory,” Journal of Marketing, 54, pp. 66-79.
57.Cohen, S. G., Chang, L. and Ledford, G. E.(1997), “A hierarchical construct of self management leadership and its relationship to quality of and perceived group effectiveness,” Personnel Psychology, 50, pp. 275-308.
58.Craig, J. and Moores, K.(2005), “Balanced scorecards to drive the strategic planning of family firms,” Family Business Review, 18(2), pp. 105-122.
59.Deal, T. E. and Kennedy, A. A.(1982), Corporate culture: The rites and rituals of corporate life. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.
60.Den Hartog, D. N., House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Ruiz-Quintanilla, S. A. and Dorfman, P. W.(1999), “Culture specific and cross-cultural generalizable implicit leadership theories: are attributes of charismatic/transformational leadership universally endorsed,” The Leadership Quarterly, 10, pp. 219–256.
61.Denison, D. R.(1990), Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
62.Ebert, R. J. and Griffin R. W.(2000), Business Essentials, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
63.Flaherty, T. B., Dahlstrom, R. and Skinner, S. J.(1999), “Organizational values and role stress as determinants of customer-oriented selling performance,” The Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 19(2), pp. 1-18.
64.Fletcher, H. D. and Smith, D. B.(2004), “Managing for value: developing a performance measurement system integrating economic value added and the balanced scorecard in strategic planning,” Journal of Business Strategies, 21, pp.1-17.
65.Gardner, M. P.(1985), “Creating a corporate culture for the eighties,” Business Horizons, 28, pp. 59-63.
66.Geijsel, F., Sleegers, P., Leithwood, K. and Jantzi, D.(2003), “Transformational leadership effects on teachers' commitment and effort toward school reform,” Journal of Educational Administration, 41(3), pp. 228-256.
67.Geyer, A. L. J. and Steyrer, J. M.(1998), “Transformational leadership and objective performance in banks,” Applied Psychology:An International Review, 47, pp. 397 - 420.
68.Gifford, B. D., Zammuto, R. F., Goodman, E. A. and Hill, K. S.(2002), “ The relationship between hospital unit culture and nurses' quality of work life/Practitioner application,” Journal of Healthcare Management, 47(1), pp. 13-26.
69.Glazer, S., Daniel, S. C. and Short, K. M.(2004), “A study of the relationship between organizational commitment and human values in four countries,” Human Relations, 57(3), pp. 323-345.
70.Goffee, R. and Jones, G.(1998), The character of a corporation, New York: Harper Business.
71.Goffin, R. D. and Gellatly, I. R.(2001), “A multi-rater assessment of organizational commitment : are self-report measures biased,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, pp. 437-451.
72.Goodman, E. A., Zammuto, R. F. and Gifford, B. D.(2001), “The competing values framework: Understanding the impact of organizational culture on the quality of work life,” Organization Development Journal, 19 (3), pp. 58-68.
73.Grant, K. and Cravens, D. W.(2001), “The role of satisfaction with territory design on the motivation, attitudes, and work outcomes of salespeople,” Journal of Academic Marketing and Society, 29, pp.165-178.
74.Hater, J. J. and Bass, B. M.(1988), “Superiors’ evaluations and subordinates’ perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, pp. 695–702.
75.Hofstede, G.(1993), “Cultural constraints in management theories,” Academy of Management Executive, 7 (1), pp. 14-95.
76.Hofstede, G.(1997), Cultures and organizations, Software of the mind, McGraw-Hill press.
77.Hofstede, G.(1999), “Problems remain, but theories will change:The universal and the specific in 21st century global management,”Organization Dynamics, 28 (1), pp. 23-24.
78.Hunt, J. G.(1999), “Transformational/charismatic leadership’s transformation of the field: an historical essay,” The Leadership Quarterly, 10, pp. 129- 144.
79.Husted, B. W.(2000), “The impact of national culture on software piracy,” Journal of Business Ethics, 26, pp. 197- 211.
80.Jaramilo, F., Mulki, J. P. and Marshall, G. W.(2005), “A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational commitment and salesperson job performance: 25 years of research,” Journal of Business Research, 58 (6), pp. 705 - 725.
81.Jaskyte, K.(2004), “Transformational leadership, organizational culture, and innovativeness in nonprofit organizations,” Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 15(2), pp. 153-168.
82.Joshi, A. W. and Randall, S.(2001), “The indirect effects of organizational controls on salesperson performance,” Journal of Business Research, 54, pp. 1- 9.
83.Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P.(1992), “The balanced scorecard-measures that drive Performance,” Harvard Business Review, 70, pp. 70-79.
84.Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P.(1996a), “Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system,” Harvard Business Review, Jan/Feb, pp. 75-85.
85.Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P.(1996b), “Linking the balanced scorecard to strategy,” California Management Review, fall, 39, pp. 35-79.
86.Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P.(2001), “Transforming the balanced scorecard from performance measurement to strategic management: Part I,” Accounting Horizons, 15(1), pp. 87-104.
87.Kickul, J., Lester., S. W. and Belgio, E.(2004), “Attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of psychological contract breach : A cross cultural comparison of the United States and Hong Kong Chinese,” International Journal of Cross Cultural, Management, 4(2), pp. 229-252.
88.Koch, J. L. and Steers, R. M.(1978), “Job attachment, satisfaction and turnover among public sector employees,” Journal of Vocation Behavior, 12, pp. 119-128.
89.Konovsky, M. A. and Pugh, D. S.(1994), “Citizenship behavior and social exchange,” Academy of Management Journal, 37, pp. 656–669.
90.Kouzes, J. M., Caldwell, D. F. and Posner, B. Z.(1987), The Leadership Challenge:How to get extraordinaryt things done in organizations, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
91.Lawler, J. J., Atmiyanada, V. and Zaidi, M.(1992), “Human resource management practices in multinational and local firms in Tailand,” Journal of Southeast Asia Business, 8(1), pp. 16-40.
92.Lee, S. K. J. and Yu, K.(2004), “Corporate culture and organizational performance,” Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(4), pp.340-359.
93.Levine, D. P.(2003), “The ideal of diversity in organizations,” American Review of Public Administration, 33(3), pp.278-294.
94.Lievens, F., Van Geit, P. and Coetsier, P.(1997), “Identification of transformational leadership qualities: an examination of potential biases,” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 6, pp. 415–530.
95.Lines, R.(2004), “Influence of participation in strategic change: resistance, organizational commitment and change goal achievement,” Journal of Change Management, 4(3), pp.193-215.
96.Lopez, S. P., Peon, J. M. M. and Ordas, C. J. V.(2004), “Managing knowledge: the link between culture and organizational learning,” Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(6), pp. 93-104.
97.Lorsch, J. W.(1987), Handbook of organization behavoir, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
98.Low, G. S., Cravens, D. W., Grant, K. and Moncrief, W. C.(2001), “Antecedents and consequences of salesperson burnout,” European Journal of Marketing, 35, pp.587- 611.
99.Lowe, W. C. and Barnes, F. B.(2002), “An examination of the relationship between leadership practices and organizational commitment in the fire service,” Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 7(1), pp. 30-56.
100.Lowe, K. B. and Gardner, W. L.(2000), “Ten years of The Leadership Quarterly: contributions and challenges for the future,” The Leadership Quarterly, 11, pp. 459–514.
101.Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G.(1996), and Sivasubramaniam, N., “Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic review of the literature,” The Leadership Quarterly, 7, pp. 385–425.
102.Lu, L. C., Rose, G. M. and Blodgett, J. G.(1999), “The effects of cultural dimensions on ethical decision marking in marketing: An exploratory study,” Journal of Business Ethics, 18, pp. 91-105.
103.Maiga, A. S. and Jacobs, F. A.(2003), “Balanced scorecard, activity-based costing and company performance: An empirical analysis,” Journal of Managerial Issues, 15(3), pp. 283-301.
104.Maltz, A. C., Shenhar, A. J. and Reilly, R. R.(2003), “Beyond the balanced scorecard,” Long Range Planning, 36, pp. 187-204.
105.Martins, E. C. and Terblanche, F.(2003), “Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation,” European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), pp. 64 -74.
106.Masi, R. J. and Cooke, R. A.(2000), “Effects of transformational leadership on subordinate motivation, empowering norms, and organizational productivity,” International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 8(1), pp. 16-47.
107.Maslow, A.(1954), Motivation and personality, New York: Harper and Row.
108.Mathieu, J. E. and Zajac, D. M.(1990), “A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 108(2), pp. 171-194.
109.Mayer, R. C. and Schoorman, F. D.(1998), “Differentiating antecedents of organizational commitment:A test of march and Simon's model,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(1), pp.15-28.
110.Messmer, M.(2001), “Capitalizing on corporate culture,”The Internal Auditor, 58(5), pp. 38-45.
111.Meyer J. P.(1997), “Organizational commitment. In: Cooper CI, Robertson IT, editors,” International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 12, pp. 175-225.
112.Meyer, J. P. and Allen, N. J.(1991), “A three-component conceptualiztion of organizational commitment,” Human Resource Mnagement Review, 1, pp.61-98.
113.Morris, M. H., Davis, D. L. and Allen, J. W.(1994), “Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism,” Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), pp. 65-89.
114.Morrow, P. C. (1983), “Concept reducdancy in organizational research: the case of work commitment,” Academy of Management Review, 8 (3), pp.486-500.
115.Mowday, R., Porter, L. M. and Steers, R. M.(1982), Employee-organizational linkages, the psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover, New York: Academic Press.
116.Nakata, C. and Kumar, S. K.(2001), “Instituting the marketing concept in a multinational setting:the role of national culture,” Journal of the Academy of marketing Science, 29, pp. 255-275.
117.Nakata, C. and Sivakumar, K.(1996), “National culture and new product development: An integrative review,” Journal of Marketing, 60, pp. 61-72.
118.Naumann, E., Widmier, S. M. and Jackson, D. W.(2000), “Examining the relationship between wok attitudes and propensity to leave among expatriate salespeople,” The Journal of Personal Selling and Sales management, 20, pp. 227-241.
119.Niven P. R.(2002), Balanced scorecard step-by-step:Maximizing performance and maintaining results, New York : John Wiley and Sons.
120.Olson, E. M. and Slater S. F.(2002), “The balanced scorecard, competitive strategy, and performance” Business Horizons, 45, pp. 11-16.
121.Olve, N-G., Roy, J. and Wetter, M.(2000), Performance drivers: A pratical guide to using the balanced scorecard, J. Wiley, New York, NY/Chichester.
122.O'Reilly, C. and Chatman, J.(1986), “Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior,”Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), pp.492- 499.
123.Pillai, R. and Willaims, E. A.(2004), “Transformational leadership, self-efficacy, group cohesiveness, commitment, and performance,” Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17 (2), pp. 144-159.
124.Quinn, R. E. and McGrath, M. R.(1985), The transformation of organizational cultures: A competing value perspective, In P.J. Frost, L. F. Moore, M.R. Louis, C. C. Lundberg and J. Martin (Eds.), Organizational culture. Beverley Hills, CA: SAGE.
125.Rashid, Z. A., Sambasivan, M., and Johari, J.(2003), “The influence of corporate culture and organisational commitment on performance,” The Journal of Management Development, 22(7/8), pp. 708-728.
126.Reichers (1985), “A review and reconceptualization of organizational commitment,” Academy of Management Review, 10(3) , pp.468.
127.Reyes, D.(1990), Teachers and their workplace: commitment, performance and productivity, California: Sage.
128.Robbins, S. P.(2003), “Organizational behavior” internatinal edition, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
129.Robert, C. and Wasti, S. A.(2002), “ Organizational individualism and collectivism: theoretical development and an empirical test of a measure,” Journal of Management, 28(4), pp. 544-566.
130.Salancike, G. R.(1977), “Commitment and the control of organizational behavior and belief, new directions in organizational behavior, Chicago: St. Clair. Press.
131.Sathe, V.(1985), How to decipher and change corporate culture:Gaining control of the corporate cultures.San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
132.Schein, E. H.(1983), “The role of the founder in creating organizational culture,” Organizational Dynamics, Summer, pp.13-28.
133.Schein, E. H.(1992), Organizational culture and leader, 2th ed., San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
134.Schwartz, H. M. and Davis, S M.(1981), “Matching corporate culture and business strategy,” Organizational Dynamics, Summer, pp. 30-48.
135.Schwepker, C. H.(2001), “ Ethical climate’s relationship to job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turn over in the sales force,” Journal of Business Research, 54, pp. 39-52.
136.Silverthorne, C.(2004), “The empact of organizational culture and person - organization fit on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Taiwan,” Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 25(7/8), pp. 592-599.
137.Simmons, L. C.(1996), “Organizational culture,” Mortgage Banking, 56(9), pp. 105 -106.
138.Sivasubramaniam, N., Murry, W. D., Avolio, B. J. and Jung, D. I.(2002), “A longitudinal model of effects of team leadership and group potency on group performance,” Group and Organization Management, 27(1), pp. 66-96.
139.Slater, S. F., Olson, E. M. and Reddy, V. K.(1997), “Strategy-based performance Measurement,” Business Horizons, 40, pp. 37-44.
140.Smircich, L.(1983), “Concepts of culture and organizational analysis,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, pp. 339-358.
141.Sosik, J. J. and Godshalk, V.(2000), “Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job-related stress: A conceptual model and preliminary study,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, pp. 365-390.
142.Staw, B. M. (1981), “The escalation of commitment to a course of action,” American Management Review, 6 , pp.577-587.
143.Stevens, J. M., Beyer, J. M. and Trice, H. M.(1978), “Assessing personal, role, and organization predictors of managerial commitment,” Academy of Management Journal, 21, pp. 380-396.
144.Suliman, A. and Iles, P.(2000), “Is continuance commitment beneficial to organizations? Commitment - performance relationship: a new look,” Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(5), pp. 407.
145.Tejeda, M. J., Scandura, T. A. and Pillai, R.(2001), “The MLQ revisited: psychometric properties and recommendations,” The Leadership Quarterly, 12, pp. 31–52.
146.Voelker, K. E., Rakich, J. S. and French, G. R.(2001), “The balanced scorecard in healthcare organizations: a performance measurement and strategic planning methodology,” Hospital Topics: Research and Perspective on Healthcare, 79, pp. 13-24.
147.Walumbwa, F. O. and Lawler, J. J.(2003), “Building effective organizations: Transformational leadership, collectivist orientation, work-related attitudes, and withdrawal behaviours in three emerging economies,” International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14, pp. 1083-1101.
148.Walumbwa, F. O., Wang, P., Lawler, J. J. and Shi, Kan.(2004), “The role of collective efficacy in the relations between transformational leadership and work outcomes,” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(4), pp. 515-530.
149.Young, S. D. and O’Byrne, S. F.(2001), EVA and value-based management, New York: McGraw-Hill.
150.Youngblood, A .D. and Collins, T. R.(2003), “Addressing balanced scorecard trade-off issues between performance metrics using multi-attribute utility theory,” Engineering Management Journal, 15, pp. 11-17.
151.Yousef, D. A.(2000), “Organizational commitment: A mediator of the relationships of leadership behavior with job satisfaction and performance in a non-western country,” Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15, pp. 6-28.
152.Yukl, G.(1999), “An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories,” The Leadership Quarterly, 10, pp. 285–305.
153.Yukl, G. A.(2001), Leadership in organizations - 5th ed, Pretice-Hall, Inc.,Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
154.Yu, H., Leithwood, K. and Jantzi, D.(2002), “The effects of transformational leadership on teachers' commitment to change in Hong Kong,” Journal of Educational Administration, 40 (4/5), pp. 368-389.
155.Zhou, K. Z., Gao, G. Y., Yang, Z. and Zhou, N.(2005), “Developing strategic orientation in China: antecedents and consequences of market and innovation orientations,” Journal of Business Research, 58 (8), pp. 1049-1067.
校內:2010-07-30公開