本論文試圖提升現行「半量子」環境下的金鑰分配協定下，一顆量子能攜帶的傳統資訊位元量，在半量子環境下包含「量子」與「古典」參與者，在量子設備上古典參與者會有所限制，只能擁有四種基本量子能力中的三種，使得半量子協議的表現幾乎比一般的量子協議來的遜色一些。本論文基於半量子環境下，定義了高效率的編碼方式（名為互換編碼法），基於此編碼法進而提出半量子金鑰分配協議，延伸其概念也提出了半量子秘密分享以及決定性安全半量子通訊協議。為了讓兩個「古典」參與者可以安全地分享金鑰或訊息，最後亦提出了在不信任第三方下的三方半量子金鑰分配協議，以及被控制的決定性安全半量子通訊協議，並且為了要提高量子協議的可行性，要求量子參與者僅能使用基態量子的相關操作。

This thesis attempts to increase the qubit efficiency in the semi-quantum environment and to enhance the practicality of semi-quantum protocols. The requirements of quantum users are restricted to only manipulating operations related to ground states of quanta. In this thesis, a new encoding method to improve qubit efficiency is proposed. Based on this encoding method, three protocols are proposed: the semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD), semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS), and semi deterministic secure quantum communication (SDSQC) protocols. Additionally, this thesis also proposes a mediated LWSQKD protocol that allows two “classical” users with simple quantum capabilities to establish a shared session key under an untrusted third party (TP). To extend the concept of mediated LWSQKD protocol, a controlled SDSQC protocol is also proposed.

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