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研究生：	鄭誌華 Cheng, Chih-Hua
論文名稱：	三階層供應鏈中針對短生命週期產品的供應商選擇、定價及訂貨策略之研究 Supplier Selection, Ordering, and Pricing in a Three-stage Supply Chain with Short-life-cycle Products
指導教授：	謝中奇 Hsieh, Jerry Chung-Chi
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	管理學院 - 工業管理科學系 Department of Industrial Management Science
論文出版年：	2003
畢業學年度：	91
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	70
外文關鍵詞：	Coordination, Supply chain management, Supplier selection, Risk
相關次數：	點閱：121 下載：10
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This study explores how the manufacturer selects its suppliers, and how the manufacturer and the distributor determine their ordering and pricing policies in a supply chain which operates to meet a price-sensitive demand of a short-life-cycle product. In the supply chain, the manufacturer optimizes the supplier selection problem and the ordering policy according to the quantity discount pricing schedules and the delivery qualities (such as the ability to deliver the material on time) of the suppliers. A genetic approach is developed to find the optimal (or near optimal) solution. After the supplier selection and ordering problem is solved, the manufacturer converts the materials into products and sells them to the distributor, which in turn decides the order quantity based on the price o®ered by the manufacturer and the market demand, and then sells the products to the customers. We generalize the ordering and supplier selection problem to the coordination problem among suppliers, a manufacturer, and a distributor, and construct two scenarios in the presence and in absence of coordination between the manufacturer and the distributor. Our objectives are to maximize the joint profit with coordination, optimize each individual profit in the absence of coordination, and compare the performance of the optimal policies for both scenarios. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between ordering unit cost and quantity ordered in the ordering and supplier selection problem, and explore managerial insights for the demand with various parametric values.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS :  : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : i

LIST OF TABLES : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : iv

LIST OF FIGURES : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :  vi

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2
2 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
4 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4

II. LITERATURE REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1 Defnition of a Supply Chain . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Supply Chain Coordination . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Risk issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 Optimal quantity of suppliers . . . . . . 9
2.3 Supplier selection . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4 Discounts . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . 11
3 Single Period Problem . . . . . . . . . . .  13
4 Lagrange Multipliers . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5 Genetic Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

III. MODEL DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1 Assumptions and Notations . . . . . . . . .  19
2 Coordination Model of One Manufacturer and Several Suppliers with Discounts . . . . . . . . 21
2.1 Problem formulation . . . . .  . . . . . 23
2.2 Optimal policy for the manufacturer . .  23
3 The Model of Several Suppliers, One manufacturer, and One Distributor . . . . . . .  29
3.1 The scenario of the manufacturer and the   
  distributor are in the absence of coordination .   
  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
3.1.1 Manufacturer's optimal decision . .  31
3.1.2 Distributor's optimal decision . . . 35
3.2 The scenario of the manufacturer and the 
  distributor are in the presence of coordination . 
  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
3.2.1 Coordination strategy . . . . . . .  37
3.2.2 Optimal coordination decision . . .  39

IV. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

1 Coordination Model of One Manufacturer and Several Suppliers with Discounts . . . . . . . . 42
1.1 Simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2 The Model of Several Suppliers, One Manufacturer, and One Distributor . . . . . . .  51
2.1 The scenario of the manufacturer and the 
  distributor are in the absence of coordination . 
  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  53
2.1.1 Manufacturer's optimal decision . .  53
2.1.2 Distributor's optimal decision . . . 55
2.2 The scenario of the manufacturer and the   
  distributor are in the presence of coordination .  
  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56
2.3 Parameter analysis . . . . . . . . . . . 58

V. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS . . . . . . . . 64

REFERENCES : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 66


LIST OF TABLES

Table

1 The optimal policies of the manufacturer and the distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36

1 Basic parameters of four suppliers . . . . . 43

2 Optimal solutions under various demand . . . 44

3 Simulation results of the ordering and supplier selection problem (om = 100) . . . . . . . . . . 45

4 Simulation results of the ordering and supplier selection problem (om = 170) . . . . . . . . . . 46

5 Simulation results of the ordering and supplier selection problem (om = 220) . . . . . . . . . . 47

6 Simulation results of the ordering and supplier selection problem (om = 270) . . . . . . . . . . 48

7 Simulation results of the ordering and supplier selection problem (om = 320) . . . . . . . . . . 49

8 Basic parameters of eight suppliers . . . .  51

9 Optimal policy for the manufacturer . . . .  54

10 Simulation results of the manufacturer's optimal decision when the manufacturer and the distributor are in the absence of coordination . 54

11 The profts of the manufacturer and the distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56

12 Optimal policies for the supply chain members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  57

13 Simulation results of the optimal decision when the manufacturer and the distributor are in the presence of coordination . . . . . . . . . . 57

14 Infuence of price elasticity in the model of several suppliers, one manufacturer, and one distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59

15 Infuence of price elasticity in the model of several suppliers, one manufacturer, and one distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  60

16 Infuence of price elasticity in the model of several suppliers, one manufacturer, and one distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61

17 Infuence of the scaling constant in the model of several suppliers, one manufacturer, and one distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1 Supply chain structure . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2 The procedure of the simple genetic algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27

3 The crossover and mutation operators . . . . 29

1 The experimental result . . . . . . . . . .  44

2 The experimental result . . . . . . . . . .  55

3 The experimental result . . . . . . . . . .  58

4 The relationship between the coordination effect of the manufacturer, the distributor, and the price elasticity e . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

5 The relationship between the coordination effect of the manufacturer, the distributor, and the price elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

6 The relationship between the coordination effect of the manufacturer, the distributor, and the price elasticity e . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

7 The relationship between the coordination effect of the manufacturer, the distributor, and the scaling constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
                                    

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