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研究生： 陳柏龍
Chen, Po-Lung
論文名稱： 分散式太陽能發電系統設計與實測之研究
Study on the Distributed Photovoltaic System Design and Performance Test
指導教授： 趙儒民
Chao, Ru-Min
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 系統及船舶機電工程學系
Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 120
中文關鍵詞： 分散式太陽能發電系統 、分散式最大功率追蹤 、多變數最大功率追蹤 、二次式極值法 、粒子群最佳化演算法
外文關鍵詞： Distributed Photovoltaic System, Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking, Multivariable Maximum Power Point Tracking, Quadratic Maximization Method, Particle Swarm Optimamization
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    • 　　本研究針對分散式太陽能發電系統以中央控管的方式，分別提出星狀分散式太陽能發電架構，可由中央控制器執行多個太陽能模組的最大功率追蹤；以及可減少感測器數量的多變數最大功率追蹤技術。
    　　星狀分散式太陽能發電架構使用PI穩壓控制器搭配二次式極值法，以達成串列中個別模組的最大功率追蹤。而中央控制器使用的是NI sbRIO控制器，並針對奇美薄膜型太陽能電池，以隔離式MOSFET驅動電路以及量測電路設計Buck-Boost Converter。相較於傳統集中式發電架構，分散式太陽能發電在市電併聯的實驗中可提升5%至25%的效率。
    　　此外，將粒子群最佳化演算法應用於多變數最大功率追蹤上，可節省安裝於太陽能模組的感測器數量，只需在總輸出端安裝一對電壓和電流感測器即可達成多變數的最大功率追蹤。而本研究也使用LabVIEW軟體完成分散式太陽能發電模擬，並針對兩片27瓦的太陽能板以自舉式MOSFET驅動電路設計同步式Buck Converter。最後在二維的多變數最大功率追蹤實驗中，其追蹤結果也和模擬結果相近而可驗證其可行性。

    　　This paper studies a distributed photovoltaic harvesting system and proposes two distributed maximum power point tracking methods.
    　　First is the star-shaped distributed photovoltaic system which uses the PI voltage regulation controller and the quadratic maximization MPPT method to achieve individual MPPT control. The NI sbRIO is used for the cental controller. In addition, for the characteristic of CHIMEI thin-film photovoltaic panle, the buck-boost converter design in which the isolated MOSFET driver and measurement circuits are included. In the grid-connected experiment, the comparision between the distributed and the centralized photovoltaic system showed 5% to 25% efficiency improment.
    　　Second method is the multivariable maximum power point tracking which uses particle swarm optimization method only needs one pair of sensors on output. It can reduce the total number of voltage and current sensors which are usually installed on individual photovoltaic modules. The distributed photovoltaic system simulation has been completed in the LabVIEW environment. And for the two 27W photovoltaic panels, the circuit design used bootstrap MOSFET driver for the synchrounous buck converter. In the experiment, we completed the verification of two dimensional maximum power point tracking, and the result is similar to simulated result.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 IX 符號表 XVI 第一章 緒論 1 　1.1 研究動機 1 　1.2 文獻探討 7 　1.3 研究目的 12 　1.4 研究方法 17 　1.5 本文架構 18 第二章 太陽能發電系統介紹 19 　2.1 太陽能電池模型 19 　2.2 直流電壓轉換器原理 24 　2.3 最大功率追蹤技術 29 　　2.3.1 最大功率追蹤架構 29 　　2.3.2 傳統最大功率追蹤演算法 31 　　2.3.3 二次式極值法介紹 32 　2.4 集中式太陽能發電系統 34 　2.5 分散式太陽能發電系統 37 第三章 分散式最大功率追蹤簡介 43 　3.1 星狀分散式最大功率追蹤 43 　　3.1.1 星狀分散式太陽能發電架構 43 　　3.1.2 分散式最大功率追蹤的穩壓機制 44 　　3.1.3 星狀分散式最大功率追蹤運算流程 45 　3.2 多變數分散式最大功率追蹤 46 　　3.2.1 最佳化問題 46 　　3.2.2 標準粒子群演算法 48 　　3.2.3 粒子群演算法相關參數 50 　3.3 多變數最大功率追蹤模擬 51 　　3.3.1 多變數最大功率追蹤架構 51 　　3.3.2 初始位置設定 53 　　3.3.3 收斂條件 54 　　3.3.4 多變數最大功率追蹤參數調校 55 第四章 分散式太陽能發電系統配置 63 　4.1 嵌入式中央控制器 63 　4.2 星狀分散式市電併聯型發電系統 65 　　4.2.1 硬體規格 65 　　4.2.2 分散式與集中式發電系統架構 68 　　4.2.3 網路監控與展示系統 71 　　4.2.4 Buck-Boost Converter電路設計 72 　　4.2.5 隔離式MOSFET驅動電路 74 　　4.2.6 量測電路 75 　4.3 多變數分散式獨立型發電系統 78 　　4.3.1 多變數分散式最大功率追蹤架構 78 　　4.3.2 同步式Buck Converter電路設計 80 　　4.3.3 自舉式MOSFET驅動電路 84 　　4.3.4 電源模組 86 　　4.3.5 量測電路 87 第五章 分散式太陽能發電實驗結果 89 　5.1 星狀分散式太陽能發電實驗結果 89 　　5.1.1 多雲時晴天氣狀況下之比較 89 　　5.1.2 晴天但受到部分遮蔽影響的狀況下之比較 94 　5.2 多變數分散式最大功率追蹤實驗結果 98 　　5.2.1 一維最大功率追蹤結果 99 　　5.2.2 二維最大功率追蹤結果 102 第六章 結論與未來展望 111 　6.1 結論 111 　6.2 未來展望 113 參考文獻 115 自述 120

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