在本論文中，我們探討雙折射率光纖光柵的原理及現象。雙折射率光纖光柵反射兩個布拉格波長的光訊號，而且這兩個波長的光擁有互相垂直的偏振狀態。我們發表一種全光纖式的偏振分光器，他主要是由雙折射率光纖光柵及光循環器所組成。當入射光波長為雙折射率光纖光柵的布拉格波長，他將會被分為相垂直的兩種偏振光，並且分別由穿透端及反射端輸出。光纖光柵的反射率及雙折射率光纖在兩主軸的折射率差異將是決定此偏振分光器的鑑別率最關鍵的參數。電阻式布拉格波長調整裝置及寬反射波長的布拉格光纖光柵都可以使這種偏振分光器的應用波長範圍更寬。雙折射率光纖光柵亦可應用為旋轉角度感測器。當進入線偏振片之前的雙折射率光纖被旋轉的時候，經過線偏振片而在頻譜分析儀所觀測到在兩個布拉格波長的能量分佈將隨之改變。根據分佈在這兩個布拉格波長的能量比例，我們可以知道待感測區的雙折射率光纖被旋轉的角度。同時我們也提出反射式旋轉角度感測器及其多功架構。

In this thesis, we discuss the fiber Bragg grating in high-birefringence optical fiber. This fiber Bragg grating in high-birefringence optical fiber reflects light in two Bragg wavelengths and these two peaks have the orthogonal polarizations to each other. An in-line fiber polarization beam splitter based on fiber Bragg grating in high-birefringence optical fiber and circulator is proposed. The light in Bragg wavelengths were separated into two polarizations in reflected and transmitted ends. The reflectivity of fiber Bragg grating and birefringence of high-birefringence optical fiber are key points to determine the extinction ratio of polarization beam splitter. Electrically wavelength tunable device and chirp fiber Bragg grating could make the wider work range of polarization beam splitter. Fiber Bragg grating in high-birefringence optical fiber also designed as a torsion sensor. When the high-birefringence optical fiber was twisted before passing into linear polarizer, the polarization of two Bragg wavelengths also varied. Therefore, the twist angle could be determined by the ratio of intensities from two reflecting Bragg wavelengths. We also suggested the reflected-type torsion sensor and the multiplexing system.

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