本研究之目的為異質結構複合材料在壓電和光熱輔助的光催化降解污染物和光電化學(PEC)水分解的應用。本研究分為兩部分，第一部分使用水熱法製備Ag2O@BiFeO3異質結構，在BiFeO3材料中引起的壓電電勢能夠減少光生載子的復合來促進光催化活性。此外，Ag2O和BiFeO3材料之間形成的p-n接面避免了Ag2O奈米顆粒的光腐蝕效應，進而提高了Ag2O@BiFeO3複合材料的光催化效率。在可見光-近紅外輻射和機械振動下，Ag2O@BiFeO3複合材料展示了優異的壓電光降解活性，在60分鐘內能降解約97%的羅丹明B，並在120分鐘內降解約100%的四環素。Ag2O@BiFeO3複合材料在光電化學水分解中也表現出良好的活性，其光電流密度（⁓6.2 mAcm–2）在壓電-PEC條件下得到增強。本研究也討論了光穩定性和相關的壓電光催化機制，證明Ag2O@BiFeO3異質結構具有優異的光催化性能，突顯其在環境治理中的應用潛力。在第二部分中，本研究利用水熱法製備一種在可見光到可見光-近紅外輻照下具有高效光催化活性的CuS@MoS2新型複合材料，並確定了CuS@MoS2複合材料中CuS和MoS2兩相的共存。複合材料的形貌和微結構的研究顯示CuS微球直徑為1–2 µm，且MoS2奈米片均勻地分布在其表面。CuS和MoS2的能隙分估計別為1.56和1.80 eV，而CuS@MoS2複合材料顯示出較低的能隙，顯示其具有在可見光-近紅外範圍內吸收光的能力。此外，本研究透過Mott-Schottky (M-S)測量樣品的導電類型，發現CuS@MoS2複合材料的M-S曲線呈倒V形，顯示該複合材料具有p-n接面的特徵，且MoS2表面的壓電特性引起的電場增強了電荷分離和壓電催化活性。在此過程中，產生的熱量為載子提供了額外的能量，從而提高了光催化過程中的反應速率。壓電性和光熱轉換的結合也造就了顯著的協同效應，在30分鐘內達到超過96%的降解效率。

This dissertation focuses on the construction of heterostructure composites for piezoelectric and photothermal–assisted photocatalytic pollutant degradation and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The content includes two topics. Firstly, the Ag2O@BiFeO3 heterojunction was fabricated using the hydrothermal method. The induced piezoelectric potential in the BiFeO3 material could promote the photocatalytic activity by reducing the recombination of photogenerated charges. Furthermore, the p–n junction formation between Ag2O and BiFeO3 materials prevented the photocorrosion effect of Ag2O nanoparticles, improving the photocatalyst efficiency of Ag2O@BiFeO3 composite. Under Vis–NIR irradiation and mechanical vibration, the Ag2O@BiFeO3 composite exhibited an excellent piezophotodegradation activity, degrading approximately 97% of Rhodamine B in 60 min and approximately 100% tetracycline in 120 min. The Ag2O@BiFeO3 composite also exhibited good activity for photoelectrochemical water splitting, and its photocurrent density (⁓ 6.2 mA cm–2) could be enhanced under piezo–PEC conditions. The photostability and associated piezophotocatalytic mechanism were discussed. The Ag2O@BiFeO3 heterojunction was demonstrated to possess outstanding photocatalytic performance, highlighting its potential for effective application in environment treatment. Secondly, a novel CuS@MoS2 composite with highly efficient photocatalytic activity under Vis to Vis–NIR irradiation was fabricated by a hydrothermal method. The co-existence of the two phases of CuS and MoS2 in the CuS@MoS2 composite was confirmed, and the investigations on the morphology and microstructure revealed the formation of the CuS microspheres of 1–2 µm in diameter with MoS2 nanosheets uniformly dispersed on the surface. The band gaps of pure CuS and MoS2 were estimated to be 1.56 and 1.80 eV, respectively. The CuS@MoS2 composite exhibited a low bad gap, suggesting its ability to absorb light in the Vis–NIR range. Moreover, the conductive type of the samples was determined through Mott Schottky (M–S) measurements. An inverted V–shape was observed in the M–S curve of CuS@MoS2 composites, indicating the characteristic of the p–n junction in the composite. The piezoelectric feature on the surface of MoS2 induced an electric field that amplified both charge separation and piezoelectric catalytic activity. Additionally, the generated heat supplied extra energy to charge carriers, leading to improved reaction rates in photocatalytic process. Furthermore, the combination of piezoelectricity and photothermal conversion also led to a significant synergistic effect, achieving a degradation efficiency of over 96% within 30 min.

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