鋰硫電池由於其作為活性物質之元素硫在地球中儲量豐富，具有成本效益且對環境友好，並且擁有高達 2,600 W∙h kg-1 之高理論比能量密度而受到矚目。然而，為了實現高能量密度之鋰硫電池，設計具有高活性物質含量、穩定電化學性能，以及寡電解液之高性能硫陰極是不可或缺之技術。本研究使用碳化電紡奈米纖維 (Carbonized Electrospun Nanofibers, CENFs) 作為無黏合劑之陰極導電骨架，用於容納高附載量之多硫化物。透過靜電紡絲的技術，本研究設計出三種不同奈米孔隙率之多孔碳奈米纖維，其表面積由低至高分別為 135、340，與660 m2 g-1 。進一步探討奈米多孔性對於鋰硫電池電化學性能之影響，本研究發現到具有有限奈米孔之多孔碳奈米纖維減緩了電解液在長循環下之消耗，並且在 200 周循環維持 98% 之庫倫效率以及 650 mA∙h g-1 以上之高可逆比電容量。在同時達到超過文獻紀載之高硫附載量 14.4 mg cm-2 、高硫含量 71 wt.% ，以及電解液體積對硫重量之比例低於 4 μL mg-1 等三項嚴苛的未來商用鋰硫電池研發條件下，電池可展現出優異的電化學性能，其面積放電電容量和能量密度分別超過 10 mA∙h cm-2 和 20 mW∙h cm-2 ，遠優於目前商業用電池的性能。因此，本研究凸顯更接近於商用之鋰硫電池性能，同時研發出利用電紡絲技術作為鋰硫電池之三維陰極之製備技術。

In this research, the carbonized electrospun nanofibers (CENFs) are used as a binder-free cathode with the conductive framework to accommodate a high amount of the active material. Through electrospinning technology, three types of electrospun nanofibers with unique nanoporosity are designed with the various surface area values of, respectively, 135, 340, and 660 m2 g-1. These CENFs are used to study the effect of cathode nanoporosity toward the lithium-sulfur battery performances. Our results show that the CENFs with limited nanopores reduce the consumption of electrolyte in long cycles and maintain a high Coulombic efficiency of 98% with a high reversible capacity of above 650 mA∙h g-1 after 200 cycles. With a simultaneous achievement in attaining a high sulfur loading of 14.4 mg cm-2, a high sulfur content of 71 wt.%, and a low electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio of 4 μL mg-1, the high-sulfur-loading cathode demonstrates an excellent areal capacity and energy density values of, respectively, above 10 mA∙h cm-2 and 20 mW∙h cm-2 in a lean-electrolyte lithium-sulfur battery. A comparison analysis with the conventional lithium-ion batteries and reported lithium-sulfur research, the overall performance of our research attains a comprehensive progress in the engineering design and the materials and electrochemical performance, which provide solid evidence proving the use of electrospinning technology as a successful research and design direction in developing advanced three-dimensional cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries.

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