多氯戴奧辛（PCDDs）、多氯呋喃（PCDFs）及多氯聯苯（PCBs）為廣泛的存在於環境中的污染物。多氯戴奧辛、多氯呋喃及多氯聯苯在環境中具有相當高的穩定性，因其脂溶性高且半衰期長，故可經由食物鏈的生物累積作用而進入人體內。評估人體受到多氯戴奧辛、多氯呋喃及多氯聯苯暴露程度的高低時，主要以分析脂肪組織、血液及母乳樣本為主。在此三種樣本中，收集母乳樣本較不具有侵入性且可同時評估母親與嬰兒的受到多氯戴奧辛、多氯呋喃及多氯聯苯的暴露情形。本研究之目的有（1）分析台南地區婦女的乳汁中多氯戴奧辛、多氯呋喃及多氯聯苯的濃度及（2）評估嬰兒因食用母乳半年後所暴露之多氯戴奧辛、多氯呋喃及多氯聯苯的量。
　　本研究的樣本來自於台南地區的成大、新樓及奇美醫院，於2000年至2001年之間共收集了41個母乳樣本。利用乙醇與正己烷將母乳中的脂肪萃取出，然後以硫酸將脂肪消化。分析十七種多氯戴奧辛及多氯呋喃時，以SCX、SI及Florisil等三種固相萃取管柱淨化萃出液，再以氣相層析儀-高解析度質譜儀分析；分析36種多氯聯苯時，只以Florisil固相萃取管柱淨化萃出液，再以氣相層析儀暨電子捕捉式偵測器分析。
　　參與本研究之婦女的平均年齡為30 ± 3.6歲。母乳中17種戴奧辛同源物的總濃度為213 ± 141 pg/g-lipid，相當於12.7 ± 8.40 pg-I-TEQ/g-lipid或14.9 ± 9.26 pg-WHO-TEQ/g-lipid（N=37）。母乳中36種多氯聯苯的同源物總濃度為96.8 ± 96.0 ng/g-lipid（N=41）。藉由這些資料，我們可瞭解台南地區婦女乳汁中戴奧辛與多氯聯苯的暴露量，及用來計算嬰兒食用母乳後所暴露到之戴奧辛與多氯聯苯的量。若假設嬰兒每天食用805 mL（出生後第一及第二個月）、810 mL（出生後第三個月）及810 mL（出生後第四~六個月）的母乳，並假設嬰兒食用母乳後戴奧辛與多氯聯苯的吸收率為95%，嬰兒平均暴露到之戴奧辛的量為216 ± 129 pg-I-TEQ/day（250±148 pg-WHO-TEQ/day）。男嬰之平均暴露量為34.9 ± 20.7 pg-I-TEQ/kg/day（40.5 ± 23.8 pg-WHO-TEQ/kg/day），女嬰之平均暴露量為40.1 ± 23.8 pg-I-TEQ/kg/day（46.5±27.3 pg-WHO-TEQ/kg/day）。使用相同的模式評估嬰兒平均所暴露到之多氯聯苯的量為2671 ± 2526 ng/day，男嬰之平均暴露量為431 ± 408 ng/kg/day，女嬰之平均暴露量則為495 ± 465 ng/kg/day。

　　Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are broadly distributed environmental contaminants. PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs are highly stable in the environment. They are lipophilic and can be bioaccumulated via food chain into human bodies with long half-lives of elimination. The adipose tissue, blood, and breast milk are usually analyzed for the assessment of human exposure to PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs. Among these three types of specimen, analysis of breast milk for exposure assessment provides two specific advantages. First, the collection of breast milk is noninvasive. Second, the analytical data can be used to assess the exposure of both the mother and the infant. The objectives of the study are (1) to measure the PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs levels in breast milk samples collected in Tainan area, and (2) to utilize these data to evaluate infant’s exposure via breast-feeding.
　　The samples were collected from NCKU, Sin-Lau, and Chi-Mei hospitals in Tainan city. Breast milk samples were collected from 41 volunteers in these hospitals in years 2000 and 2001. Breast milk lipids were extracted by ethanol and n-hexane, followed by sulfuric acid digestion. For the analysis of 17 PCDDs/PCDFs, the extracts were fractionated with ion exchange (SCX), silica (Si), and Florisil solid phase extraction columns, and the fraction containing dioxins and furans were analyzed by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). For the analysis of PCBs, only Florisil column fractionation was used, and 36 PCB congeners were analyzed by gas chromatography electronic capture detector (GC-ECD).
　　The average age of the subjects in this study was 30 years (N = 37, SD = 3.6 yrs). The total concentration of 17 dioxin congeners in the breast milk was 213  141 pg/g-lipid. The concentration can be expressed as 12.7  8.40 pg-I-TEQ/g-lipid when the international toxic equivalences (I-TEQs) of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is calculated, or 14.6  9.26 pg-WHO-TEQ/g-lipid using WHO toxic equivalences (WHO-TEQs). The total concentration of 36 PCB congeners in breast milk was 96.8  96.0 ng/g-lipid. The data represent these mothers’ exposure, and infants’ exposure through breast-feeding nursing can be estimated. Assuming that the breast milk intakes per day for an infant are 805 mL in the first two months after birth, 810 mL in the third month, and 925 mL from the 4th to the 6th month respectively, with an absorption efficiency of 95 %, the average infant’s dioxin/furan exposure was estimated to be 216  129 pg-I-TEQ/day (or 250  148 pg-WHO-TEQ/day). Due to the weight difference between boys and girls, these values translate into 34.9  20.7 pg-I-TEQ/kg/day (40.5  23.8 pg-WHO-TEQ/kg/ day) for boys, and 40.1  23.8 pg-I-TEQ/kg/day (46.5  27.3 pg-WHO-TEQ/kg/ day) for girls. Using the same model, the average infant’s exposure to 36 PCBs was estimated to be 2671  2526 ng/day, or 431  408 ng/kg/day for boys and 495  465 ng/kg/day for girls.

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