| 研究生: |
蔡宗翰 Tsai, Tsung-Han |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
台灣同志運動對同志公職候選人參選之影響反思 The Impact of Gay Public Candidates to Participate Election from the Taiwanese Gay Movement |
| 指導教授: |
蔣麗君
Chiang, Li-Chun |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 政治學系碩士在職專班 Continuing graduate program in political economy |
| 論文出版年: | 2021 |
| 畢業學年度: | 109 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 108 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 同志參選 、同志運動 、同志社群 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Gay Candidate, Gay Movement, Gay Community |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:95 下載:4 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
在台灣的歷史上,第一位登記參選的出櫃同志,為1995年在臺北市參選立法委員的莊松富先生。當時的社會反應冷淡,僅有同志社群透過網路和電台節目有過熱烈討論,最終未當選,並隨即被社會大眾遺忘。2001年後,陸續有同志參選,可惜皆未當選。直到2018年,女同志苗博雅、林穎孟分別當選臺北市的市議員,成為台灣最早當選公職的同志候選人。台灣的同志們,從多年來對政治的冷漠,到願意以同志身分參選, 多年來屢戰屢敗,卻前仆後繼地參選。到2018年終於有同志當選。這一點歷史現象,成為本研究的研究動機。
本研究之研究對象,為台灣社會公開出櫃的同志公職候選人。本研究發現自1995年開始,到2018年的地方選舉為止,登記參選的同志候選人共有21人。因社會資本概念可廣泛應用於各種不同的網絡連結關係,故本研究以社會資本(social capital)為理論基礎,以社會網絡的視角作為切入點,選擇J.Nahapiet和S.Ghoshal的社會資本三大面向理論,結構(Structural)、關係(relational)和認知(cognitive)等三者作為觀察的指標,進而形成本研究的架構。
透過社會資本理論,本研究觀察研究對象就其所參與的同志社群與同志運動所得到的社會資本對其選舉過程的影響。他們的參選對社會所泛起的漣漪,又對同志運動社群帶來哪些影響。最終,兩者之間的彼此激盪又產生哪些結果?
本研究的目的在於探討對於同志登記參選一事,「同志候選人」與「同志運動/社群」彼此之間的影響。本研究之研究目的如下:
1.從結構面向瞭解同志運動對同志候選人的影響。
2.從關係面向瞭解同志候選人與同志社群之間的互動。
3.從認知面向瞭解同志候選人對於同志運動社群的未來願景。
本研究之研究方法,採取文獻分析法與深度訪談法。透過文獻分析法,本研究梳理出台灣同志運動、同志族群的各種問題。透過深度訪談法,本研究了解研究對象的內心思考與親身經歷等各種問題。最後,有四位同志候選人、兩位輔選幹部、志工,共六人,接受本研究的深度訪談。
關於研究發現,本研究分別就結構(Structural)、關係(relational)和認知(cognitive)等三面向予以分析。在結構面向上,同志團體開始出現組織化的形式支持同志參選,必然加深網絡資源的需求與運用。在關係面向上,同志候選人與同志團體雙方在彼此互動的過程之中,將在同志社群內建構出一套獨特的政治關係,以整合彼此的理念價值與現實利害。在認知面向上,同志候選人需要在同志運動、同志社群與異性戀社會之間力求各種不同意識形態之間的平衡。關於研究建議,本研究分別以結構(Structural)、關係(relational)和認知(cognitive)等三面向就同志參選和同志其他議題的研究者們提出研究建議。
SUMMARY
The research objects of this study are gay candidates for public office. So far, Taiwan has 21 gay candidates. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of gay registration for elections on the relationship between gay candidates and the gay movement/community. This research uses social capital as the theoretical basis, selects the three major theories of social capital of J.Nahapiet and S.Ghoshal, and uses structural, relational and cognitive as observational indicators to form a research framework. The research method of this research adopts literature analysis method and in-depth interview method. This study interviewed 4 gay candidates and 2 assistant cadres and volunteers. Finally, this research proposes findings and suggestions on three
aspects: Structural, Relational and Cognitive.
Key words: Gay Candidate, Gay Movement, Gay Community
INTRODUCTION
In Taiwan’s history, the first gay man to register for election was Mr. Zhuang Songfu, who was elected as a legislator in Taipei City in 1995. At that time, the social reaction was cold. Only the gay community had heated discussions through the Internet and radio programs, and was eventually not elected, and was forgotten by the public. After 2001, comrades successively participated in the election, but unfortunately none of them were elected. Until 2018, lesbian Miao Boya and Lin Yingmeng were elected as city councilors of Taipei City, becoming the first gay candidates to be elected to public office in Taiwan. Homosexuals in Taiwan, from years of indifference to politics, to willingness to run for elections as homosexuals, have fought and failed repeatedly over the years, but they have been running one after another. In 2018, homosexuality was finally elected. This historical phenomenon has become the research motivation of this research. The subjects of this study are gay candidates for public office who have publicly stated their sexual orientation in Taiwanese society. This study found that a total of 21 gay candidates have registered for elections since 1995 and until the local elections in 2018.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Because the concept of social capital can be widely used in various network connection relationships, this research uses social capital as the theoretical basis. This research adopts the three oriented theories of social capital of J.Nahapiet and S.Ghoshal, and uses structural, relational, and cognitive as observational indicators to form the
framework of this research.
The research method of this research adopts literature analysis method and in-depth interview method. Through literature analysis, this study sorted out the various issues of Taiwan’s gay movement and gay ethnicity. Through the in-depth interview method, this research understands various issues such as the inner thinking and personal experience of the research subjects. Finally, there are four homosexual candidates and two auxiliary cadres, a total of six people, accept the in-depth interviews of this research.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Through the theory of social capital, this study observes the influence of the social capital obtained by the research object on the election process of the gay community and gay movement in which they participate. How did their participation in the elections react to the society and how it affects the gay movement/community? In the end, what are the
results of the turbulence between the two?
The purpose of this research is to explore the mutual influence of "gay candidates" and "gay movement/community" on the registration of gays. The research objectives of
this study are as follows:
1. To understand the impact of the gay movement on gay candidates from a structural
perspective.
2. To understand the interaction between gay candidates and the gay community from the
relationship perspective.
3. To understand the future vision of gay candidates for the gay movement community from the cognitive perspective.
CONCLUSION
Regarding research findings, this research analyzes the three aspects of Structural, Relational and Cognitive. In terms of structure, gay groups have begun to appear organized to support gays in participating in elections, which will inevitably deepen the demand and use of network resources. In terms of the relationship, in the process of interaction between gay candidates and gay groups, a unique political relationship will be constructed within the gay community to integrate each other's ideas and interests. In terms of cognition, gay candidates need to strive for a balance between different ideologies among
the gay movement, gay community, and heterosexual society.
Regarding research recommendations, this research uses the three aspects of Structural, Relational, and Cognitive to make research recommendations on gay participation and other topics.
參考文獻
一、中文部分
專書:
1.王御風,2016年,《台灣選舉史》,臺中市:好讀出版有限公司。
2.王雅各,1999年,《臺灣男同志平權運動史》,臺北市:開心陽光出版有限公司。
3.張紹勳,2004年,《研究方法》,臺中市:滄海圖書資訊股份有限公司。
4.葉至誠,2000年,《社會科學概論》,臺北市:揚智文化事業股份有限公司。
5.臺北市政府民政局,2010年,《2010年認識同志手冊》,臺北市:衛生局。
6.臺北市政府衛生局,2013年,《同志友善醫護手冊(LGBT)》,臺北市:衛生局。
期刊論文:
1.吳藹若,2004年,〈論我國婦女保障名額制度—1949年以來的變遷〉,《復興崗學報》,第82期,第363-384頁。。
2.宋竑廣,2011年,〈得之不易的神聖一票—同志政治準備工作》,《性別平等教育季刊》,第52期,第75-81頁。
3.宋竑廣,2011年,〈2010綠黨尋找同志候選人的策略》,《性別平等教育季刊》,第54期,第75-77頁。。
4.宋竑廣,2011年,〈同志運動的一種-2010年綠黨同志候選人的參選〉,《性別平等教育季刊》,第55期,第71-74頁。
5.宋竑廣,2013年,〈一名從政同志給予我們的啟發:以日本男同性戀地方議員石坂渡為例〉,《性別平等教育季刊》,第62期,第113-118頁。
6.宋竑廣,2014年,〈意外的同志政治蜜月─遞補當選的日本女同性戀國會議員尾辻加奈子〉,《性別平等教育季刊》,第69期,第99-104頁。
7.廖浩翔,2020年,〈從社會運動走入議會參政的性別/人權工作者─苗博雅專訪〉,《性別平等教育季刊》,第89期,第99-104頁。
8.鍾佳樺、羅子寧、温筱涵、汪素敏、徐南麗,2016年,〈同性戀認知面面觀〉,《健康與建築雜誌》,第3卷第1期。
學位論文:
1.陳建涵,2003年,〈「看見」同志運動--同志團體的多元發展與參政〉,國立成功大學政治經濟學研究所碩士論文。
研討會論文及專書篇章:
1.白佩姬,1997年,〈文化與政治的雙曲線─漫談九0年代中葉的同志運動轉折〉,《酷兒啟示錄》,臺北市:元尊文化企業股份有限公司。
2.倪家珍,1996,〈九0年代同性戀論述與運動主體在台灣〉,《第一屆四性研討會論文集(上)》,6月29日,臺北市:臺灣大學。
3.陳恆鈞,2003年,〈社會資本對政策執行之影響〉,《行政管理論文選輯(第十七輯)》,臺北市:銓敘部,第147-175頁。。
4.謝臥龍、張銘峰,2002年,〈同志參選空間的想像與期待〉,《霓虹國度中同志的隱現與操演》,臺北市:唐山出版社,第295-315頁。
網路資源:
1.LalaTai拉拉台,2018年,〈台灣議會出櫃女同志議員首度誕生!苗博雅、林穎孟皆當選台北市議員〉,LalaTai 拉拉台網站:https://reurl.cc/9zl7Md
2.三立新聞政治中心,2019年,〈伴侶大街摟抱小三 黃捷慘被劈腿!淚斬半年同居短命情〉,SETN三立新聞網:https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=578419&from=y
3.王鐘銘,2016年,〈一個落選人的心路歷程》「讓魯蛇和邊緣人也有機會參政!」綠黨王鐘銘:下次選舉前如何餬口才是最大的難題〉,報橘:https://buzzorange.com/2016/04/20/greenparty/
4.王顥中,2010年,〈關於同志參選,以及我們到底是不是同志?〉,苦勞網:https://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/53978
5.立場報導,2016年,〈【感官體諒 1】格雷沒有告訴你的香港愉虐之戀 101〉,立場報導https://ppt.cc/f3Ovgx
6.皮繩愉虐邦,2012年,〈簡介〉,皮繩愉虐邦:http://www.bdsmtw.com/introduction/
7.紀大偉,2001年,〈我反對同志選立委〉,國際邊緣:http://intermargins.net/Headline/2001%20July-Dec/gay_for_congress_not.htm
8.姜貞吟,2017年,〈從婦女保障名額談女性參與政治之進展〉,行政院性別平等處•性別視聽分享站:https://reurl.cc/py0bYb
9.彩虹平權大平台,2020年,〈政治倡議〉,彩虹平權大平台:https:// equallove.tw/workplan/4
10.彩虹平權大平台,2020年,〈EP5:選民:「我不跟不男不女的人接觸!」feat.苗博雅【同志歸同志,政治歸政治?】〉,YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTOonyYZYn8&t=221s
11.彩虹平權大平台,2020年,〈EP6:同志參政搞什麼?【同志歸同志,政治歸政治?】〉,YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTwWD63gkQc&t=44s
12.莫聞、陳韋綸,2010年,〈五都選戰綠黨雖敗猶榮 穩健邁向第一道門檻〉,環境資訊中心:https://e-info.org.tw/node/61385
13.鄒家彥,2015年,〈支持廢死與身為同志是我參選的最大爭議,但我絕不改變信念—專訪社民黨立委參選人苗博雅〉,報橘:https://buzzorange.com/2015/04/09/interview-with-miao-poya /
14.黃捷,2019年,臉書粉絲專頁<黃捷 高雄市議員>:https://www.facebook.com/FongshanHuangjie/posts/2330986603895743
15.曾寶瑩,2016年,〈同性戀佔台灣社會至少5%人口,他們可能就是還沒對你出櫃的家人〉,The News Lens關鍵評論:http:// https://www.thenewslens.com/article/55986
4.鄭學庸,2006年,〈男同志選里長 催生彩虹社區〉,自由時報:https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/local/paper/89146
7.綠黨,2012年,〈核心價值〉,綠黨:https://www.greenparty.org.tw/corevalues
二、外文部分
專書:
1. Bohan, J. S. 1996 Psychology and sexual orientation:Coming to terms. New York:Routledge.
2. Bourdieu, P. 1986 The Forms of Capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241-258). New York: Greenwood Press.
3. Putnam, Robert D. 1993 Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4.Putnam, R. D. 1993b Making Democracy: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
5.Putnam, Robert D. 2000 Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York:Simon and Schuster.
期刊論文:
1.Burt, R. 1997 The Contingent Value of Social Capital, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2): 339-65.
2.Coleman, J. 1988 Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital, American Journal of Sociology, 94 (Supplement): S95-S120.
3. Lincoln, J. 1982 Intra- (and Inter-) Organizational Networks, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 1: 1-38.
4. Portes, A. 1998 Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology, Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 1-24.
5.Wellman, B. 1988 Structural Analysis: From Method and Metaphor to Theory and Substance, in B. Wellman and S. D. Berkowitz (eds.), Social Structures: A Network Approach, pp. 19-61. New York:Cambridge University Press.
網路資源:
1. LGBTQ Victory Fund,2020年,〈About Victory Fund〉,LGBTQ Victory Fund:https://victoryfund.org/about/