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研究生: 陳婷甄
Chen, Ting-Chen
論文名稱: 超輕航電的地面防撞系統
Ground Proximity Warning System for Ultra Light Aircraft
指導教授: 林清一
Lin, Chin-E.
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 82
中文關鍵詞: 電子儀表電子地圖防撞系統輕航機
外文關鍵詞: EFIS, GPWS, E-map, ULA
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  • 超輕運動飛行在政策支持下,無需認證的超輕型飛行載具將快速投入市場,如何提供低空飛行超輕飛機的安全性能,防撞系統能力必須加以重視。本計畫希望在數位航電系統(Electronic Flight Instrument System, EFIS)的發展架構中,使用GPRS行動數據當作主要的通訊系統,能夠傳送飛機上GPS所接受到的資料給地面上的管制中心,而管制中心同樣由GPRS與RDS傳送附近空域其他的飛機的資料給每架輕航機的飛控電腦,藉由這些資料提供防撞的功能。
    根據民航局公告超輕型載具合法空域,本論文將這些空域整理及規劃,標示附近空域高於規定飛行高度的山區,建立數據資料庫,顯示在飛行儀表的電子地圖上。防撞軟體則以線性規劃的直線方程式與橢圓方程式建立邊界或危險區,讓即時的飛機位置與這些限制條件比對,如有進入危險的地區即提出警告,達到簡單有效的防撞功能。

    Ultra light flight has been officially approved to use certification-free air vehicle into the flying market. However, how to provide low altitude flights with better safety performance, collision avoidance system must be taken into serious consideration. In the developing project on electronic flight instrument system (EFIS), GPRS is chosen to carry data communication to downlink GPS data to ground surveillance server. The collect aircraft data are then broadcast and uplink to the flying aircrafts for awareness of other aircrafts.
    According to CAA published legal airspace, this thesis tries to reconstruct and plan the airspace territory into terrain obstacle altitude marks in airspace boundaries into database. GPWS software adopts linear programming to formulate linear equation and ellipse equation to represent boundary or terrain. By real time constraint comparison from aircraft extrapolation line, any interpolations can be regarded as conflicts to the aircraft. Alert can then be generated to the pilot and the ground ATC. This function easily accomplishes the collision avoidance capability for ultra light operation in low altitude.

    CONTENTS ABSTRACT i CHINESE ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLE ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Main Idea 1 1.3 Literature Survey 7 1.4 Thesis Outline 8 CHAPTER II PROBLEM BACKGROUND 9 2.1 Overview about GPWS 9 2.1.1 Excessive Descent Rate 11 2.1.2 Excessive Terrain Closure Rate 12 2.1.3 Altitude Loss after Take off 14 2.1.4 Unsafe Terrain Clearance 15 2.1.5 Excessive Deviation below Glideslope 16 2.2 Geographic Information System 20 2.3 Characteristic of Ultra Light Aircraft 22 CHAPTER III THEORETICAL SUPPORTS 25 3.1 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast 26 3.2 System Architecture 27 3.3 Theory to Adopt 28 3.3.1 Linear Programming 29 3.3.2 Barriers Caution 31 3.4 Data Form 33 3.5 Program Flow Chart 34 CHAPTER IV SYSTEM MODELING AND DATABASE CONSTRUCTION 38 4.1 Overview 38 4.2 Display Interface 38 4.3 Database Arrangement 39 4.4 Airspace Scheme 42 4.4.1 Cross-country Flight Route 43 4.4.2 Dapeng Bay(大鵬灣) 45 4.4.3 Bulau Hot Spring (不老溫泉) and Saijia (賽嘉) 46 4.4.4 Midland of Taiwan Airspace 48 4.4.5 Miauli (苗栗) 50 4.4.6 Ganyuan (柑園) and Dachi (大溪) 52 4.4.7 Rueifang (瑞芳) 53 4.4.8 Yilan(宜蘭) and Lanyang River(蘭陽溪) 54 4.4.9 Hualian (花蓮) and Taidung (台東) 55 4.5 Flight Planning and ATC Performance 57 CHAPTER V GPWS CONFLICT SIMULATION 58 5.1 Program Simulation 58 5.1.1 Zigzag Flight Path 59 5.1.2 Straight-Line Flight Path 59 5.1.3 Simulation Data Generation 60 5.2 Simulation Result 61 5.3 GPWS on EFIS 64 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION 66 6.1 Conclusion 66 REFERENCES 68

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