植物生長的過程中會遭遇各式各樣的生物性與非生物性逆境，其中包含植物病原性真菌感染植物，而影響植物生長，最終導致植物死亡。過去，化學農藥的濫用，造成生態環境的污染以及影響人類的健康。近年來，科學家致力於研究及發展有效、環境友善及人類健康的生物性農藥。越來越多的證據顯示，微生物，特別是細菌會釋放多種揮發性物質，這些揮發性物質對植物病原性真菌具有重要的生物活性，但植物病原性真菌對微生物揮發性物質的感知及回應機制仍有許多待瞭解之處。本研究以 Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens 作為微生物揮發性物質的來源，以模式生物酵母菌 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 探討真菌感知到微生物揮發性物質後產生的生理生化及基因轉錄層次的變化。野生型酵母菌與 P.ureafaciens 揮發性物質共培養下，酵母菌的生長發育受到輕微抑制，並且會伴隨誘發氧化壓力的產生。接者透過五種酵母菌 MAPK 突變株與 P.ureafaciens 揮發性物質共培養，可以發現主要會抑制 mpk1 和次要抑制 hog1 突變株的生長。根據 qPCR 分析酵母菌之基因表現發現，在 P.ureafaciens 揮發性物質影響下，酵母菌 cell wall integrity 途徑及相關轉錄因子和細胞壁的生合成相關基因轉錄量會受到正向調控。另一方面，P.ureafaciens 揮發性物質會誘發酵母菌抗氧化系統相關基因的活化，同時 P.ureafaciens 揮發性物質也會誘導酵母菌細胞週期及生化代謝相關基因的轉錄表現。 mpk1 突變株會降低 P.ureafaciens 揮發性物質誘導的酵母菌細胞壁合成相關基因的轉錄量，因此知道 cell wall integrity pathway 能參與調控酵母菌對於 P.ureafaciens 揮發性物質的反應過程。本研究對微生物揮發性物質對酵母菌和病原性真菌的分子作用機制提供了有價值的資訊。

During growth, plants will encounter various biological and non-biological stresses, including phytopathogenic fungi infecting plants, which affect plant growth, leading to plant death. In these years, chemical pesticides caused environmental pollution and also affected human health. Scientists have devoted themselves to researching and developing practical, environmentally friendly, and human-health harmless biological pesticides in recent years. Some studies show that microorganisms, especially bacteria, release various volatile compounds (VCs), which play an essential role in the biological activity of these phytopathogenic fungi. However, phytopathogenic fungi' perception and response mechanism to microbial volatile compounds remains unclear. In this study, Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens was used as the source of microbial volatile to treat yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for investigating changes in physiological, biochemical, and gene transcription levels after sensing the VCs. After exposure to P. ureafaciens VCs, the yeast growth was inhibited slightly, and oxidative stresses were also detected. During the co-cultivation experiment of five yeast MAPK mutant strains with P.ureafaciens VCs, growth inhibition was recorded in the mpk1 and minor hog1 mutant strains. According to the qPCR analysis of yeast gene expression, under the treatment of P.ureafaciens VCs, the cell wall integrity pathway and related transcription factors and cell wall biosynthesis-related gene transcription were up-regulated. On the other hand, P.ureafaciens VCs can activate genes related to the antioxidant system, cell cycle, and biochemical metabolism. In mpk1 mutant strains, the genes related to cell wall synthesis transcription were down-regulated under P.ureafaciens VCs. In conclusion, the cell wall integrity pathway might participate in regulating yeast response to P.ureafaciens VCs. This study provides valuable information related to the mechanism of action of microbial volatiles against yeast and pathogenic fungi.

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