簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 朱嘉平
Chu, Chia-Ping
論文名稱: 聚苯乙烯摻合體結晶行為之研究
Crystallization behavior of polystyrene blends
指導教授: 王紀
Wang, Chi
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 139
中文關鍵詞: 結晶相溶性聚苯乙烯
外文關鍵詞: crystallization, polystyrene, miscibility
相關次數: 點閱:82下載:4
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究比較純同排聚苯乙烯(neat iPS),不同比例雙成分摻合物(sPS/iPS=85/15 , 70/30 , 50/50 以及30/70) 與三成分混摻物(sPS/iPS/aPS=30/50/20)樣品之結晶行為,實驗上以SALS以及POM量測晶體半徑隨時間變化得到晶體成長速率並觀察成長過程。將結晶完全的樣
    品,以SALS拍攝Hv及Vv影像判斷球晶尺寸大小以及球晶內部晶體排列;並以POM搭配phase contrast鏡頭觀察球晶尺寸大小和相分離結構domain 寬度及間距。利用FTIR判斷樣品內部sPS的晶型,與sPS、iPS各別結晶度。

    利用TEM觀察sPS/iPS/aPS=30/50/20系統在250oC一階段,175oC一階段以及250/175oC兩階段熔融結晶微結構,發現iPS與aPS存在於sPS lamellar stack之間的domain,為interfibrillar結構,而iPS結晶完後,亦會將aPS排至iPS與iPS或是iPS與sPS的lamellar stack之間。利用WAXD判斷sPS/iPS/aPS=30/50/20系統在250oC一階段以及250/175oC兩階段熔融結晶之晶型,結果顯示sPS晶型皆為β型;但在175oC一階段結晶,sPS的晶型
    為兼具α 與β型的混合晶型。

    Crystallization behaviors of neat isotactic polystyrene(neat iPS),binary blends with different ratios(sPS/iPS=85/15,70/30,50/50 and 30/70) and a tertiary blend(sPS/iPS/aPS= 30/50/20) were compared in this study. SALS and
    POM were used and observe the growth process to measure the variations of spherulitic radius with time to obtain the crystal growth rate. Hv and Vv images of SALS were used to determine the size of spherulites and the lamellae arrangement within spherulites cold-crystallized at various
    temperatures. On the other hand, POM with phase contrast lens were used to measure the domain widths and distances between phase-separated developed the domains in these crystallized samples. FTIR were used to judge the crystal
    form of sPS and determine individual crystallinity of sPS and iPS in the samples.

    From TEM images observation of the sPS/iPS/aPS=30/50/20 blend melt-crystallized at one-step 250oC,one-step 175oC and two-step 250/175oC processes, the iPS and aPS components existed in the domains between sPS lamellar stacks, giving an interfibrillar segregation morphology. After iPS crystallization, the aPS component was further excluded to the domains
    between iPS lamellar stacks or iPS and sPS lamellar stacks. Based on WAXD diffraction patterns, sPS crystals of the tertiary blend melt-crystallized at one-step 250oC and two-step 250/175oC were β form, but mixed α/β form
    sPS crystals were obtained after one-step 175oC melt crystallization.

    目錄 中文摘要………………………………………………………………………i 英文摘要………………………………………………………………………ii 誌謝……………………………………………………………………………iii 目錄……………………………………………………………………………iv 表目錄…………………………………………………………………………vi 圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………vii 一、前言…………………………………………………………………………1 二、簡介…………………………………………………………………………2 三、文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………3 3.1 聚苯乙烯……………………………………………………………………3 3.2 高分子摻合體………………………………………………………………5 3.3 相分離………………………………………………………………………7 四、理論…………………………………………………………………………9 4.1 高分子摻合體相溶性………………………………………………………9 4.1.1 高分子摻合系統熱力學性質………………………………………………9 4.1.2 兩成分系高分子摻合體相圖……………………………………………10 4.1.3 Kinetics of phase separation ………………………………………………11 4.2 SALS 理論…………………………………………………………………12 4.3 WAXD………………………………………………………………………16 4.4 結晶度………………………………………………………………………16 4.5 Segregation of crystalline/amorphous system ………………………………17 五、實驗………………………………………………………………………27 5.1 實驗材料……………………………………………………………………27 5.2 實驗藥品……………………………………………………………………27 5.3 實驗儀器……………………………………………………………………28 5.4 實驗步驟……………………………………………………………………30 5.4.1 樣品製備…………………………………………………………………30 5.4.2 小角度光散射(SALS) ……………………………………………………31 5.4.3 傅立業紅外線光譜儀(FTIR) ……………………………………………32 5.4.4 光學顯微鏡(OM) …………………………………………………………32 5.4.5 廣角X光繞射儀(WAXD) …………………………………………………33 5.4.6 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) ………………………………………………34 六、結果與討論…………………………………………………………………41 6.1 neat iPS 測試…………………………………………………………………41 6.2 sPS/iPS 混摻測試……………………………………………………………50 6.2.1 sPS/iPS 混摻相溶性測試…………………………………………………50 6.2.2 sPS/iPS 混摻冷結晶………………………………………………………51 6.2.3 sPS/iPS 混摻熔融結晶……………………………………………………57 6.3 sPS/iPS/aPS 混摻之一階段與二階段結晶…………………………………93 七、結論………………………………………………………………………106 八、參考文獻…………………………………………………………………107

    1. N. Ishihara, T. Seimiya, M. Kuramoto, and M. Uoi, “Crystalline
    syndiotactic polystyrene”, Macromolecules, 19, 2465(1986).

    2. J.W. Ha, K.J. Chu, “Molecular weight distribution of syndiotactic
    polystyrenes prepared over difference kind of catalysts”, Materials
    Letters, 33, 149-152(1997).

    3. G. Guerra, V.M. Vitagliano, C. De Rosa, V. Petraccone, P. Corradini,
    “Polymorphism in melt crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene samples”,
    Macromolecules 23, 1539(1990).

    4. C. De Rosa, O.R. De Ballesteros, M. Di Gennaro, F. Auriemma,
    “Crystallization from the melt of alpha and beta forms of syndiotactic
    polystyrene”, Polymer 44, 1861(2003).

    5. F. Auriemma, V. Petraccone, F. Dal Poggetto, C. De Rosa, G. Guerra,
    C. ManFredi, and P. Corradini, “Mesomorphic form of syndiotactic
    polystyrene as composed of small imperfect crystals of the hexagonal
    (α) crystalline form” Macromolecules, 26, 3772(1993).

    6. S. Cimmino, E. Di Pace, E. Martuscelli, C. Silvestre, “Syndiotactic
    polystyrene: crystallization and melting behavior ”, Polymer 32,
    1080(1991).

    7. C. Wang, C.C. Chen, Y.W. Cheng, W.P. Liao, M.L. Wang,
    “Simultaneous presence of positive and negative spherulites in
    syndiotactic polystyrene and its blends with atactic polystyrene”,
    Polymer 43, 5271(2002).

    8. C. Wang, C.C. Chen, C.H. Hung, K.S. Lin, “Lamellar morphologies
    and crystal stability of syndiotactic polystyrene in alpha-crystalline
    form”, Polymer 45, 6681(2004).

    9. C. Wang, W.P. Liao, M.L. Wang, C.C. Lin, “Miscible blends of
    syndiotactic polystyrene and atactic polystyrene. Part 2. Depolarized
    light scattering studies and crystal growth rates”, Polymer 45, 973
    (2004).

    10. C. Wang, C.C. Lin, C.P. Chu, “Crystallization and morphological
    features of syndiotactic polystyrene induced from glassy state”,
    Polymer 46, 12595(2005).

    11. N.M. Reynolds, H.D. Stidham, S.L. Hsu, “A spectroscopic study of
    phase-transition kinetics in syndiotactic polystyrene”, Macromolecules
    24, 3662 (1991).

    12. H. Xu, B.S. Ince, P. Cebe, “Development of the crystallinity and rigid
    amorphous fraction in cold-crystallized isotactic polystyrene”, J.
    Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed 41, 3026 (2003).

    13. P. Musto, S. Tavone, G. Guerra, C. De Rosa, “Evaluation by Fourier
    Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of the different crystalline forms in
    syndiotactic polystyrene samples”, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed 35,
    1055(1997).

    14. S.C. Wu and F.C. Chang, “The crystallization characterization of bulk
    syndiotactic polystyrene sample: immediate evidence from IR spectroscopy”,
    Polymer. 45, 733(2004).

    15. C. Wang, Y.C. Hsu, and C.F. Lo, “Melting behavior and equilibrium
    temperature of syndiotactic polystyrene in α and β crystalline form”
    Polymer, 42, 8447(2001).

    16. C.H. Su, S.H. Chen, A.C. Su, and J.C. Tsai, “Crystallization and
    melting of α and β Phases in bulk syndiotactic polystyrene as
    monitored in situ via high-temperature wide-angle X-Ray diffraction”
    J. Polymer. Research, 11, 293(2004).

    17. P. J. Lemstra, J. Postma, abd G. Challa, “Molecular weight dependence
    of the spherulitic growth rate of isotactic polystyrene”, Polymer, 15,
    757(1974).

    18. J. Zhang, Y. Duan, D. Shen, S. Yan, I. Node, and Y. Ozaki, “Structure
    changes during the induction period of cold crystallization of isotactic
    polystyrene investigated by infrared and two-dimensional infrared
    correlation spectroscopy”, Macromolecules, 37, 3292(2004).

    19. G. Matsuba, H. Ezure, S. Tanaka, and E. Ito, “In situ FTIR
    spectroscopic study on crystallization process of isotactic polystyrene”,
    J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 36, 1227(1998).

    20. G. Xu, T.C. Clancy, W.L. Mattice, S.K. Kumar, “Increase in the
    chemical potential of syndiotactic polypropylene upon mixing with
    atactic or isotactic polypropylene in the melt”, Macromolecules 35,
    3309(2002).

    21. F.C. Chiu, C.G. Peng, ”The atactic polystyrene molecular weight effect
    on the thermal properties and crystal structure of syndiotactic
    polystyrene / atactic polystyrene blends” Polymer 43, 4879(2002).

    22. E.M. Woo, M.L. Lee, and Y.S. Sun, “Interactions between
    polystyrenes of different tacticities and thermal evidence for
    miscibility”, Polymer 41, 883(2000).

    23. G.S. Yeh, S.L. Lambert, “Crystallization kinetics of isotactic
    polystyrene from isotactic-atactic polystyrene blends”, J. Polym. Sci.,
    Part A-2, 10, 1183(1972).

    24. F.P. Warner, W.J. MacKnight, R.S. Stein, “Small-angle X-Ray
    scattering study of blends of isotactic and atactic polystyrene”, J.
    Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 15, 2113(1977).

    25. K.M. Kit, J.M. Schultz, “Study of bundle formation during
    crystallization in polymer blends”, J Polym Sci, Polym. Phys. Ed 36,
    873(1998).

    26. L.L. Chang, E.M. Woo, and C.P. Chiang, “On alternative thermal
    methods for discerning the miscibility in blends of isotactic
    polystyrene and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) with closely-spaced
    glass transitions”, Macromol. Chem. Phys.,
    205, 611(2004).

    27. S. Cimmino, E. Di Pace, E. Martuscelli, and C. Silvestre,
    “Syndiotactic polystyrene-based blends: crystallization and phase
    structure”, Polymer, 34, 2799(1993).

    28. E.M. Woo, F.S. Wu, “Polymorphic crystal forms and morphology of
    syndiotactic polystyrene in miscible states”, J. Polym Sci Part B:
    Polym. Phys., 36, 2795(1998).

    29. G. Dutt, K.M. Kit, “Effect of the crystallization conditions on the
    phase behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene/ poly(phenyleneoxide)
    blends”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci 87, 1975(2003).

    30. G. Matsuba, K. Kaji, T. Kanaya, K. Nishida, “Detailed analysis of the
    induction period of polymer crystallization by depolarized light
    scattering”, Phys. Rev. E 65, 061801 (2002).

    31. G. Matsuba, K. Kaji, K. Nishida, T. Kanaya, M. Imai,
    “Conformational change and orientation fluctuations prior to the
    crystallization of syndiotactic polystyrene”, Macromolecules 32, 8932
    (1999).

    32. T. Nakaoki, M. Kobayashi, “Local conformation of glassy
    polystyrenes with different stereo regularity”, J. Mol. Struct. 655, 343
    (2003).

    33. H. Wang, K. Shimizu, H.D. Kim, E.K. Hobbie, Z.G. Wang, and C.C.
    Han, ”Competing growth kinetics in simultaneously crystallizing and
    phase-separating polymer blends”, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 16, 7311
    (2002).

    34. K. Schmidt-Rohr and H.W. Spiess, “Multidimensional solid-state
    NMR and polymer”, Chapter V, Academic Press, London (1996)

    35. L.H. Sperling, “Physical polymer science”, Chapter IV, John Wiley &
    Sons, Inc., (2001).

    36. C. Sagui, D.S. O’Gorman and M. Grant, “Nucleation, growth and
    coarsening in phase-separating systems” Scanning Microscopy , 12, 3,
    (1998).

    37. R.S. Stein, M.B. Rhodes, “Photographic light scattering by
    polyethylene films”, J. Appl. Phys., 31, 1873 (1960).

    38. J. Koberstein, T.P. Russell, R.S. Stein, “Total integrated lightscattering
    intensity from polymeric solid”, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys.
    Ed., 17, 1719 (1979).

    39. N.V. Pogodina, S.K. Siddiquee, J.W. van Egmond, H.H. Winter,
    “Correlation of rheology and light scattering in isotactic
    polypropylene during early stages of crystallization”, Macromolecules
    32, 1167(1999).

    40. D. Debye, A.M. Bueche, “Scattering by an inhomogeneous solid”, J.
    Appl. Phys., 20, 518(1949).

    41. D. Debier, A.M. Jonas, and R. Legras, “Blends of polycarbonate and
    acrylic polymers: crystallization of polycarbonate”, Macromolecules,
    36, 2197 (1998).

    42. H.D. Keith and F.J. Padden, “Kinetics of isocyanate amine reactions”
    J. Appl. Phys., 34, 2409 (1963).

    43. 王敏玲, “對排亂排聚苯乙烯摻合體之結晶行為與結晶型態”,國立
    成功大學化學工程研究所碩士論文(2002)。

    44. 林昶春, “對排聚苯乙烯摻合體結晶行為之研究”,國立成功大學化
    學工程研究所碩士論文(2004)。

    45. 曾李全, “對排聚苯乙烯摻合體相與結晶行為之研究”,國立成功大
    學化學工程研究所碩士論文(2005)。

    46. 范永達, “以穿透式電顯觀察對排聚苯乙烯之微結構”, 成功大學化
    學工程所碩士論文(2003)。

    47. M. Kobayashi and T. Nakaoki, “Molecular conformation in glass and
    gels of syndiotactic and isotactic polystyrene”, Macromolecules, 23,
    78(1990).

    48. J.D. Rudder, B. Bergé, and H. Berghmans, “Competition between
    gelation and crystallization in solution of syndiotactic polystyrene in
    cis-decalin” , Macromol. Chem. Phys., 203, 2083(2002).

    49. G. Xue, J. Zhang, J. Chen, Y. Li, J. Ma, G. Wang, and P. Sun,
    “Gelation crystallization of isotactic polystyrene in solvents of varying
    molecular size” Macromolecules, 33, 2299 (2000).

    50. F. J. Balta-Calleja and C.G. Vonk, “X-ray scattering of synthetic
    polymers”,Elsevier (1989).

    下載圖示 校內:2009-08-30公開
    校外:2009-08-30公開
    QR CODE