傳統企業物流系統往往需要依照不同企業之內部作業流程進行客製化開發，採購價格高昂且每年需要繳交大量系統維護費用，若要開發新功能，更需要耗費大量採購經費。本論文提出以SaaS(Software-as-a-service)雲端運算架構為基礎之物流追蹤系統架構，並搭配RFID等資通訊技術建置以實現基於SaaS雲端運算架構之RFID物流管理系統(RFID Information System for Logistic Management，論文中統稱RISLM)，最後針對國內台灣某製造商(以下簡稱T公司)之物流實際情境規劃數個服務池，建立物流雲(Logistic Cloud)並實際進行系統導入。各種物流服務在論文中被整合為Web Service所組成之服務雲，並提出四層式的SaaS雲端運算架構。企業若直接線上使用物流雲中的服務且搭配本論文所採用之關鍵技術如RFID、Google Maps、Zigbee、GPS/GIS、資訊派送、行動載具等資通訊技術，所開發之系統具易於維護、低成本之特性且適合各種不同的企業資訊環境。本論文之目標以改善目前傳統產業所採用物流系統之不足並且降低商業物流系統開發之成本為主要目標，實際以T公司之物流情境為環境，完成系統實驗導入與成果比較，可有效雲端化並提昇傳統企業內部之物流管理系統自動化之不足。

Traditional logistic systems in industries are normally built for different business processes of different companies. Industry always budgets high maintenance costs for his own management systems. Therefore, an RFID information system for logistic management based on SaaS(Software-as-a-service) cloud computing architecture is proposed in this research. SaaS cloud computing architecture can enhance the flexibility according to its service-oriented architecture (SOA), which can be used for designing all types of systems. The developed architecture integrates with RFID technology, Zigbee Technology, Google maps, GPS/GIS, IP camera and information pushing technologies, named Logistic Cloud. A four layer model is also proposed to illustrate the architecture of the Logistic Cloud.
A case study, to deploy the developed system into a company, is designed for testing the system’s performance, named as RFID Information System for Logistic Management (RISLM). The main advantages of this developed system are: 1. Enhance the automation and technology of traditional logistic systems in industries by adapting the Logistic Cloud. 2. Integrate information and communication technologies with our proposed system architecture based on Web Services and SOA protocols and develop several service pools for constructing Logistic Cloud. 3. Deploy RISLM into a company, the benefit of the system can be verified and the maintenance costs can be reduced.

[1] Jiang-tao Yin, Xu-dong Yang, “RFID-Based Ubiquitous Learning Environment for School Students,”in Proc. Fifth IEEE International Conference on Wireless, Mobile, and Ubiquitous Technology in Education, 2008(WMUTE 2008), pp.176-178, 23-26 March 2008.
[2] Ah-Fur Lai, Chien-Hsun Wu, Kuan-Chih Chou, Horng-Yih Lai, “Integrate Handheld Device and RFID to Support Context Awareness Environment for Outdoor Inquiry Learning Activity,”in Proc. 6th IEEE International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technologies in Education(WMUTE 2010), pp. 132-136, 12-16 April 2010.
[3] Tsung-Yu Liu, Yu-Ling Chu, Tan-Hsu Tan, Chi-Cheng Chang, “RFID-based Ubiquitous Learning Environment for Outdoor Learning,”in Proc. Seventh IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2007(ICALT 2007), pp. 675-677, 18-20 July 2007.
[4] Hui-Yuan Liu, Tai-Kuei Ren, “Incorporation of Internet distance education and problem based learning to facilitate creativity and problem solving ability of learners-Based on a RFID course,” in Proc. 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Ubi-media Computing(U-Media 2010), pp. 317-322, 5-6 July 2010.
[5] Yo-Ping Huang, Wei-Po Chuang, Yueh-Tsun Chang, Sandnes, F.E., “Enhanced Interactivity in Learning-Guide Systems with RFID,” in Proc. 1st Annual RFID Eurasia 2007, pp. 1-6, Sept. 2007.
[6] Wan-Jen Chang, Zong-Mu Yeh, Kin-Jung Cheng, “Developing a mobile learning system to community-based learning for rural elementary school students,” 2010 International Computer Symposium(ICS 2010), pp. 451-456, 16-18 Dec. 2010.
[7] L. Kovavisaruch, P. Suntharasaj, “Converging Technology in Society: Opportunity for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in Thailand's Transportation System,” Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, pp. 300-304, 5-9 Aug. 2007.
[8] C.Oberli, M. T. Torriti, D. Landau, “Performance Evaluation of UHF RFID Technologies for Real-Time Passenger Recognition in Intelligent Public Transportation Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol.11, no.3, pp. 748-753, Sept. 2010.
[9] Zheng-xiong Hou, Xing-she Zhou, Jian-hua Gu, Yun-lan Wang, Tian-hai Zhao, “ASAAS: Application Software as a Service for High Performance Cloud Computing,” in Proc. 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC), pp. 156-163, 1-3 Sept. 2010.
[10] C. John, Jr. Langley, “Information-Based Decision Making in Logistics Management,” International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 15(7), pp. 4155, May 1985.
[11] Susanne Hertz, Monica Alfredsson, “Strategic development of third party logistics providers,” Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 32 (2), Pages 139-149, Feb. 2003.
[12] Phillip A. Laplante, Jia Zhang, Jeffrey Voas, “What's in a Name? Distinguishing between SaaS and SOA,” IT Professional, vol. 10(3), pp. 46-50, May 2008.
[13] Ling Cao, Guanxi Zhou, “Analysis of SaaS-Based Informationization in Small and Medium-Sized Logistics Enterprises,” in Proc. 2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Workshops, pp. 78-81, Feb. 2009.
[14] Michael Armbrust, Armando Fox, Rean Griffith, Anthony D. Joseph, Randy H. Katz, Andrew Konwinski, Gunho Lee, David A. Patterson, Ariel Rabkin, Ion Stoica, Matei Zharia, “Above the Clouds: A Berkerly View of Cloud Computing,” Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2009-28, February 2009.
[15] Namho Yoo, “A SOA-Based Vulnerability System Engineering for E-Government Solution,” in Proc. 19th International Conference on Systems Engineering, pp. 468-473, 2010.
[16] Chi Po Cheong, Chatwin C. Young, “An SOA-based diseases notification system,” in Proc. 7th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, Macau, pp. 1-4, Dec. 2009.
[17] Xiaofeng Tao, Changjun Jiang, Yaojun Han, “Applying SOA to intelligent transportation system,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, vol.2, pp. 101-104, 2005.
[18] Hao Li, Qingtang Liu, “Design and Implementation of Educational Information Resource Management System Based on SOA,” in Proc. International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling, pp. 424-428, Oct. 2008.
[19] Honghui Niu, Xiaojun Ma, “Research of E-Learning System ed on SOA,” in Proc. Second International Conference on Multimedia and Information Technology, pp. 148-150, May 2010.
[20] Xuan Zhou, Ling Gao, “Research on System Architecture of SOA-based Network Teaching System,” in Proc. International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology, pp. 212-215, Dec. 2008.
[21] Komoda, “Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in Industrial Systems,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, Singapore, pp. 1-5, Aug. 2006.
[22] Gaoyu Zhang, Yingying Wang, Hua Xiang, Zhizhao Zhou, “SOA-Based Service Survivability in Financial Information System,” in Proc. International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, Xi’an, China, vol.4, pp. 51-53, Dec. 2009.
[23] Juan Yao, Hongxia Wang, “Study on E-business Logistics System Based on SOA,” in Proc. 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, China, vol.3, pp. 368-372, July 2010.
[24] Kyeongrim Ahn, Sangpil Park, HeeSoo Kim, Jongryel Kim, Jungchun Park, “The Design of SOA-Based Business Collaboration System,” in Proc. Fourth International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management, Korea, vol.2, pp. 707-712, Sept. 2008.
[25] Chunyan Li, “Travel Information Service System for Public Travel Based on SOA,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics, QingDao, China, pp. 321-324, 2010.
[26] G. Lodewijks, H. M. P. Veeke, and A. M. Lopez de la Cruz, “Reliability of rfid in logistic systems,” in Proc. IEEE International conference of service operations and logistics, and informatics(SOLI'2006), Shanghai, China, pp. 971-976, July 2006.
[27] Kawai Toshiya, Takanashi Hiroshi, “SaaS Platform Services,” NEC Technical Journal, vol.5(2), pp. 52-56, 2010.
[28] Oikawa Noriko, “SaaS-Baesed ERP EXPLANNER for SaaS to Support the Growth of Enterprises,” NEC Technical Journal, vol.5(2), pp. 45-51, 2010.
[29] Peacock, Robert, “Distributed Architecture Technologies,” IEEE IT Professional, vol. 2(3), pp. 58-61, March-June 2001.
[30] Malloy, B.A., Kraft, N.A., Hallstrom, J.O., Voas, J.M., “Improving thepredictable assembly of Service-Oriented Architectures,” IEEE Software, vol. 23(2), pp. 12-15, March-April, 2006.
[31] Huhns, M., Munindar P. Singh, “Service -Oriented Computing Key Concepts and Principles,” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 9(1), pp. 75-81, January-February 2005.
[32] Pallos, S. Michael, “Service-Oriented Architecture：A Primer,” eAI Journal, pp. 32-35, Dec. 2001.
[33] M. P. Papazoglou, “Service -Oriented Computing: Concepts, Characteristics and FDirections,” in Proc. Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering 2003(WISE 2003), pp. 3-12, Dec. 2003.
[34] F. Curbera, M. Duftler, R. Khalaf, W. Nagy, N. Mukhi, and Weerawrana,” Unraveling the Web Services Web: An Introduction to SOAP, WSDL and UDDI”, IEEE Internet Computing, vol.6, no.2, pp. 86-93, March 2002.
[35] About XML, http://www.w3.org/XML/, [March 30, 2011].
[36] RFC-3986, http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986, [March 30, 2011].
[37] UDDI.ORG Version 3.0.2 specification, http://www.uddi.org/pubs/uddi_v3.htm, [March 30, 2011].
[38] E. Christensen, F. Curbera, G. Meredith, S. Weerawarana, “Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version1.1,” W3C Note 15, March 2001.
[39] Hao Yin, Qiang Fu, Chuang Lin, Zhangxi Tan, Rong Ding, Yishu Lin, Yanxi Li, Yanfei Fan, “Mobile Police Information System Based on Web Services,” Tsinghua Science & Technology, vol. 11(1), pp. 1-7, February 2006.
[40] Z. Jing, K. Kai, Z. Yuejie, S. Jingna, “Research on Logistics Resource Sharing Grid Based on SOA and Its Security,” in Proc. International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, Hong Kong, vol.2, pp. 474-477, Dec. 2009.
[41] Luyang Zhang, Jiaqi Li, Ming Yu, “An Integration Research on Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) for Logistics Information System,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 2006(SOLI '06), pp. 1059-1063, 21-23 June 2006.
[42] D. H. Shiha, P. L. Suna, D. C. Yenb, and S. M. Huangc., “Taxonomy and Survey of RFID Anti- collision Protocols,” Computer Communications, vol. 29, pp. 2150-2166, 2006.
[43] Jiang Bo, Ma Lianbo, Xu Jiawang, “Research of the collection system of logistics management based on RFID&ZigBee technology,” in Proc. 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM), Taiyuan, vol.6, pp. 526-529, 2010.
[44] 翁興中, 林人本,“無人自動化倉儲系統之設計,”開南大學空運管理學系碩士論文, 2007。
[45] 王寵惠, 崔延紘, ”無線射頻辨識系統RFID導入危險貨櫃控管之研究,”國立臺灣海洋大學商船學系碩士論文, 2007。
[46] 陳韻堯, 黃群雁, 陳響亮, “基於RFID之安全倉儲管理系統,” in Proc.中國機械工程學會第二十七屆研討會, 2009。
[47] R. L.cBallard, “Warehouse Accuracy - Approaches to Error Reduction,” in Proc. National Materials Handling Centre conference on Methods of Inventory Monitoring and Measurement, United Kingdom, Feb. 1996.
[48] La Cruz, A.M. Lopez, H. P. M. Veeke, G. Lodewijks, “Applicability of RFID in the prognostics of logistic systemis,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, USA, pp. 1-5, 2007.
[49] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam and E. Cayirci, “Wireless sensor networks: a survey,” Computer Networks, Elsevier Science B.V., pp. 393-422, 2002.
[50] S. Ondrej, B. Zdenek, F. Petr, H. Ondrej, “ZigBee Technology and Device Design,” in Proc. International Conference on Networking, International Conference on Systems and International Conference on Mobile Communications and Learning Technologies, IEEE, pp. 129-139, April 2006.
[51] Bob Heile, “Emerging Standards: Where do ZigBee/UWB fit,” ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Alliance web site, June, 2004, [July 30, 2011].
[52] ZigBee White Papers, http://www.zigbee.org/LearnMore/WhitePapers.aspx, [July 30, 2011].
[53] Huanjia Yang, Lili Yang, and Shuang-Hua Yang, “Hybrid Zigbee RFID sensor network for humanitarian logistics centre management,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl, vol. 34(3), pp. 938-948, 2011.
[54] Ruiz-Garcia, P. Barreiro, J.I. Robla, “Performance of ZigBee-Based wireless sensor nodes for real-time monitoring of fruit logistics,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 87(3), pp. 405-415, 2008.
[55] Christian Flügel and Volker Gehrmann, “Scientific Workshop 4: Intelligent Objects for the Internet of Things: Internet of Things – Application of Sensor Networks in Logistics,” Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 32(2), pp. 16-26, 2009.
[56] 張孜, 徐建閩, 吳一民, “基于WebGIS的車輛移動定位系统的設計與實現,” 長安大學學報, vol. 26(2), pp. 65-69, 2006.
[57] N. Chadil, A. Russameesawang and P. Keeratiwintakorn, “Real-Time Tracking Management System Using GPS,” Empress Hotel Convention Centre, pp. 393-396, 2008.
[58] W. He, E. L. Tan, E. W. Lee, T. Y. Li, “A solution for Integrated Track and Trace in Supply Chain based on RFID & GPS,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, pp. 1-6, Dec. 2009.
[59] S. H. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. D. Park, “Animal Situation Tracking Service Using RFID,” in Proc. GPS, and Sensors, International Conference on Computer and Network Technology, pp. 153-156, Sept. 2010.
[60] McFarlane G. A., Skobla J., “GPS Based Marine Vessel Tracking Device,” in Proc. IEEE Aerospace Conference 2003, vol.4, pp. 5-10, March 2003.
[61] L. Qiao, Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, D. Mao, L. Yao, “Application of GIS Technology in Chinese Tourism,” in Proc. International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, vol. 1, pp. 401-404, July 2009.
[62] 吳志宏, 湯依璇, 張瑋純, 劉明月, 林彥慧, 謝文川, “行動式電子地圖整合應用於輔助路徑導引,” in Proc. 第四屆離島資訊技術與應用研討會, 2005.
[63] Cong Fu; Yan Wang; Yanqing Xu; Qingquan Li; , “The logistics network system based on the Google Maps API,” in Proc. 2010 International Conference on Logistics Systems and Intelligent Management, vol. 3, no., pp. 1486-1489, 2010
[64] Anbao Wang, Zhang Jun, Wenrong Jiang, “Useful resources integration based on Google Maps,” in Proc. 4th International Conference on Computer Science & Education, 2009(ICCSE '09), pp. 1044-1047, 2009.
[65] R. Luo, Y. Shen, “The Design and Implementation of Public Bike Information System Based on Google Maps, in Proc. International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology,” vol. 2, pp. 156-159, 2009.
[66] 蘇仕傑, 陳尚祐, 李瑞卿, 黃俊凱, 李勇霖, 楊豐旭, “連結Google Maps與GPS 之定位系統製作,” in Proc. 銘傳大學2008國際學術研討會, vol. 3, pp. 40-41 2008.
[67] 黃秀霜, 陳響亮, 蔡承志, 陳韻堯, “校園學童安全即時資訊派送系統,” in Proc.台灣網際網路研討會暨全球IPv6 高峰會議 (TANET 2009), Oct. 2009.
[68] 侯凱仁, 陳韻堯, 陳響亮, “具主動式訊息派送之行動化校園情境監控系統平台發展研究,” in Proc.資訊管理與數位內容研討會(IMDCC 2009), pp. 43, Nov. 2009.
[69] 侯凱仁, 陳響亮, 王瑄珮, “校園安全之行動監控及其即時資訊派送系統研究,” in Proc. 第四屆行動與無所不在數位學習研討會(UbiLearn 2010), April 2010.
[70] 吳欽誠, 王俊凱, “遠距社區健康管理資訊平台之研究,” in Proc. International Medical Informatics Symposium in Taiwan 2007, pp. 225-229, 2007.
[71] Z. Li Bo, “A Study on Push-Pull Mode of Supply Chain Based on System Dynamics,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services, pp. 1375-1380, Nov. 2009.
[72] Y. Peng, “Intelligent Content Push for SCORM-based E-Learning Systems,” in Proc. International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Workshops 2008, vol. 3, pp. 239-242, 2008.
[73] T. Sun, Y. Wang, “Implementation of a Chat System with Push and Mobile Agent Technologies,” in Proc. International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modeling, Control and Automation, 2005 and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce, vol. 2, pp. 336-340, Nov. 2005.
[74] 全國路況資訊中心, http://e-traffic.iot.gov.tw/, [March 30, 2011].