在外食人口越來越多的時代，超商據點多且便利性高，使得越來越多人依靠超商提供的新鮮食品。但也因所提供之眾多種類屬於易腐性食用商品，若沒在一定時間內販售出去就會損壞，可能產生大量損失成本及浪費，使社會觀感不佳。超商主要由總公司物流中心運送商品，運送量的多寡因為商品具有易腐性質，及考量每間商家所販賣的商品數量不固定，所配送的數量也有所不同。庫存若是存放過多，可能因未販售而導致銷毀造成損失成本，若是存放過少，則可能損失能夠銷售的利益，然而公司因銷售競爭策略，寧可配送大量商品增加可能的銷售量，導致商品有高機率庫存滯留。為了降低損壞商品的數量，在不變動公司策略的情況下，考量在車輛配送過程中調動其商品數量，並藉由配送模式，提高配送中商品的流動，且穩定預期可販售的商品。本研究以取貨和補貨問題及庫存路徑問題，並以每期商家訂購量及顧客最終的購買量，建立在路徑規劃上配送之數學模型，當購買數量變動幅度大時，可以透過超商間彼此共同承擔相關成本，其中包含損失成本、運輸成本、庫存成本。現實生活中，每個店家因需求不確定，而又因每次配送數量有公司策略限制，所以在本研究中，考慮到需求的不確定性，提出一種在車輛間運送商品到各個商家時，得以調配有過多商品放置過久未銷售問題，使各個商家藉由調配商品模式，達到每間商品易腐性商品的庫存得以平衡，即不單從配送中心直接送貨，並可考量各商家所擁有的易腐性商品數量，調配商家間庫存的數量。所提出的調配配送方式所建立的模型及其算法，分析驗證可行是能夠降低損壞成本，在小型實例中，在兩種配送模式路徑相同時，所提出的配送型態，能夠有效降低損壞成本，當問題規模大時，為了達到配送需求，導致車輛使用成本增加，且求解路徑不是最短路徑而是最佳配送路徑，路徑成本隨之上升。研究結果發現，商家間若有調配作業，會使原先配送路線改變，導致路徑成本的上升，但是在損壞成本有明顯下降。

More and more people in Taiwan are inclined to eat out because convenience stores are numerous and convenient. However, the perishable products that stores provide will be destroyed if they are not sold within a designated period of time, which may result in a large loss of revenue and increased food waste. Due to the headquarters’ marketing strategy, it prefers to distribute a large number of products and to increase possible selling volumes, which causes the goods to have a high probability of retention. This study focuses on reducing food waste. In the case of not changing the business strategy, we consider to redistribute the products of each store during the vehicle delivery process. This study is based on the pickup and delivery problem and the inventory routing problem. According to the order quantities and the inventory levels at the end of each period of each store, a mathematical model of the distribution on the route planning is established. The objective is to minimize the relevant costs, including the vehicle usage costs, damage costs, transportation costs, and inventory costs. The model without redistribution the products among stores is also established for comparison. In the small-sized cases, when two delivery model paths are the same, the proposed delivery type can effectively reduce the damage costs. When the problem scale is large, in order to meet the distribution demand, the vehicle use costs increase, and the solution path is not the shortest path in the optimal cost of delivery, and the path costs increase accordingly. The results indicate that the inventory transshipment model among stores is better than the current delivery model.

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