外來生物的入侵會造成生態系統結構及功能改變，但此議題多半忽略地底下的入侵生物，例如入侵蚯蚓。近年來發現一種原產熱帶美洲的蚯蚓－黃頸蜷蚓（Pontoscolex corethrurus）已入侵台灣，其對台灣森林土壤生態的影響並不清楚。本研究針對台灣三處林地不同有機質含量或質地的土壤（宜蘭福山：高有機質黏壤土；墾丁南仁山：低有機質黏壤土；台中港：低有機質沙土），於實驗室操控環境中，探討黃頸蜷蚓對於土壤二氧化碳釋放量、微生物量及土壤碳、氮的影響。實驗結果顯示：三種土壤中，黃頸蜷蚓皆會增加二氧化碳釋放量，但不會改變微生物碳量；蚯蚓在有機質含量高的福山土壤中，增加二氧化碳釋放的程度較在低有機質的南仁山及台中港土壤中高，後兩者的二氧化碳增加程度則無差異。黃頸蜷蚓在高有機質黏壤土中成長較快及繁殖力較高；在有機質含量低的黏壤土中僅有生長，但沒有繁殖現象，而在沙質土壤中則有繁殖現象。加入黃頸蜷蚓造成的二氧化碳增加，除了可能由促進微生物活性或改變微生物群聚組成造成外，蚯蚓本身呼吸可能也占相當比例。本研究也發現，黃頸蜷蚓不改變三種土壤類型總碳、總氮及可萃取有機碳量，但增加K2SO4可萃取之全氮量；蚯蚓在黏壤土中增加銨態氮含量，在沙質土中增加硝態氮含量並減少微生物氮量。因此，黃頸蜷蚓入侵台灣森林土壤生態系後，對土壤二氧化碳釋放及碳、氮循環潛在的影響，相關單位宜密切注意。

Invasive species is an important cause for changes of ecosystem structure and function. However, researches on invasive species often ignore the belowground invasive species, for example, the earthworms. In recent years, an invasive earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus, originated from South America has been found widely distributed in Taiwan, but its effects on local forest ecosystems are not known. A microcosm study in the laboratory with 3 soil types from Fushan (FS, high organic matter, clay-loam), Nanjenshan (NJS, low organic matter, clay-loam), and Taichunggang (TCG, low organic matter, sand) demonstrated that the earthworm significantly increased CO2 efflux in all 3 soils, but did not change microbial biomass-C at the end of experiment. The degree of CO2 increase by earthworm was highest in FS soil, but were not significantly different between NJS and TCG soils. During the experimental period, earthworms grew in weight in all 3 soils and reproduced in FS and TCG soils, with the largest increases in FS soil. The earthworm might increase soil CO2 efflux by its own respiration as well as by stimulation of microbes or alteration of microbial community. The earthworm did not change soil total carbon, total nitrogen and extractable total organic carbon significantly, but increased extractable total nitrogen in all 3 soils. P. corethrurus increased ammonium in clay-loam soil and nitrate in sandy soil, but decreased microbial biomass-N in sandy soil. The results suggest the invasion of P. corethrurus may have significant consequences on CO2 efflux and nutrient cycles in local forest soils, and the effects should not be overlooked.

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