由於高度科技發展、產業國際化競爭及電子資訊的普遍使用，使得產品生命週期為之縮短，加上面臨愈來愈多國家與廠商擁有相近的製造技術與人力資源時，產品易趨於同質性發展，呈現低度創新的功能特點或外觀差異，無法使企業擁有持續的競爭優勢，因此，發展激進式創新產品方能提供企業體永續發展的契機。

本論文以實體產品設計為探討標的，著力於「發展激進式創新產品」，檢視現有產品發展程序與方法，省思其於前瞻性的不足，因此融入源自策略學領域的「願景」思維，整合TRIZ法則及相關意象尺度法及形態分析法，平衡理性分析與創造思維，進而提出「願景導向的創新產品設計程序」，為產品設計確立前瞻性方向與理念、推演可行近程目標，進一步發展功能性創新並形塑出感知合宜的外顯造型，強化產品設計的功能性價值與感知性價值，並提升總體的使用性價值。研究中針對腦麻兒童輔助腳踏車及指溫生理回饋監測器分別成功地提出概念性及實務性的產品設計方案，驗證此程序的可行性，並期待本研究成果可為學術界與產業界進行產品設計之用，有效達到企業發展高度創新產品的目標。

In the 21 Century, business globalization, complex consumer requirements, and the advent of production, information and Internet technologies have led to high business competition and market uncertainty. It is increasingly important to focus NPD on innovative concerns more than quality and speed of production. Providing unique, innovative and value-added products becomes a crucial strategy for success of any firm. Product design, the critical factor during the early phase of NPD, needs to focus on the issues of not only incremental innovation but also radical innovation to ensure the everlasting prosperity of enterprises.

This study aims to develop a new product design process that focuses on radical innovations. Visioning thinking, TRIZ, Image Scale, and Morphological Analysis are integrated and conduct a pathway with equipped tools for developing product designs with a balance of rational and logical analysis, and intuitive and creative thinking. The proposed process fulfils the need of radical innovation through enriching heuristic thinking. It is a useful methodology that adds value to products in terms of technological functions, form perceptions, and holistic usability. By using the new process, a proposal of therapy bike design for cerebral palsy children and a practical project of temperature biofeedback device are demonstrated. The authenticity and applicability of the vision-oriented approach for innovative product design is verified and could be utilized by designers to enhance products with human-centered values while coping with market uncertainty effectively.

Abernathy, W. J. and K. B. Clark, “Innovation: Mapping the winds of creative destruction,” Research Policy, 14(1), 3-22 (1985).
Altshuller, G., And suddenly the inventor appeared: TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem solving, Technical Innovation Center, MA (1996).
Altshuller, G., 40 principles: TRIZ keys to technical innovation, Technical Innovation Center, MA (1998).
Akao, Y., Quality function deployment: Integrating customer requirements into product design, Productivities Press, Cambridge, MA (1990).
All, A. C., L. L. Crane and G. L. Loving, “Animals, horseback riding and implications for rehabilitation therapy,” Journal of Rehabilitation, 65 (1999).
Anderson, K. L., “Reconciling the electricity industry with sustainable development: backcasting-a strategic alternative,” Futures, 33, 607-623 (2001).
Arena, J., N. Dennis, T. Devineni, R. Maclean and K. Meador, “A pilot study of feasibility and efficacy of telemedicine-delivered psychophysiological treatment for vascular headache,” Telemedicine Journal and e-Health, 10(4), 449-454 (2004).
Asada, H. H., B. H. Yang, K. Y. S. Siu and K. W. Chang, “Patient monitoring finger ring sensor,” United States Patent 5,964,701 (1999).
Asplund, M. and R. Sandin, “The survival of new products,” Review of Industrial Organization, 15, 219-236 (1999).
Barolin, G. S., N. Reiter and T. Meysen, “Group respiratory biofeedback in complex neurorehabilitation,” Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift, 145, 547-54 (1995), in German.
Baxter, M., Product design: a practical guide to systematic methods of new product development, Chapman & Hall, London, UK (1995).
Belski, I., L. Kaplan, V. Shapiro, L. Vaner and P. Wong “SARS and 40 principles for eliminating technical contradictions: creative Singapore,” The TRIZ Journal, June Issues (2003).
Benson, H., D. Shapiro, B. Tursky and G. E. Schwartz, “Decreased systolic blood pressure through operant conditioning techniques in patients with essential hypertension,” Science, 173, 740-742 (1971).
Bergquist, K. and J. Abeysekera, “Quality function deployment (QFD) - a means for developing usable products,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 18, 269-275 (1996).
Blanchard, E. B., D. E. Theobald and D. A. Brown, “Temperature biofeedback in the treatment of migraine headaches: a controlled evaluation,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 581-588 (1978).
Bode, J. and R. Y. K. Fung, “Cost engineering with quality function deployment,” Computers and Industrial Engineering, 35, 587-590 (1998).
Booz-Allen & Hamilton Inc., Management of new products, Booz-Allen & Hamilton Inc, New York, NY, 1-28 (1968).
Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc., New products management for the 1980’s, New York, NY, 1-24 (1982).
Bossert, J.L., Quality function deployment- a practitioners approach, ASQC Quality Press Inc., New York, NY (1991).
Boulding, K., The image: knowledge in life and society, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI (1956).
Brown, P. G., “QFD echoing the voice of customer,” ATT Technical Journal, March-April, 18-32 (1991).
Brown, S. L and K. M. Eisenhardt, “Product development: past research present findings, and future directions,” Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 343-378 (1995).
Budzynski, T. and J. Stoyva, “An instrument for producing deep muscle relaxation by means of analog Information feedback,” Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 2, 231-237 (1969).
Bynoe, W., “Bicycle having jumping capability,” United States Patent 6,149,173 (2000).
Cai, H., W. He and D. Zhang, “A semantic style driving method for products’ appearance design,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 139, 223-236 (2003).
Canter, A., C. Y. Kondo and J. R. Knott, “A comparison of EMG feedback and progressive muscle relaxation training in anxiety neurosis,” British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 470-477 (1975).
Casady, R. L. and D. S. Nichols-Larsen, “The effect of hippotherapy on ten children with cerebral palsy,” Pediatric Physical Therapy, 16(3), 165-172 (2004).
Chan, L. K. and M. Wu, “Quality function deployment: A comprehensive review of its concepts and methods,” Quality Engineering, 15(1), 23-35 (2002).
Chang, W. C. and Y. T. Van, “Researching design trends for the redesign of product form,” Design Studies, 24, 173-180 (2003).
Chen, J. L., A Study on the integration of methods and strategies for patent-based product design, Ph.D. Dissertation, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (2002).
Chen, K. and C. Owen, “Form language and style description,” Design Studies, 18(3), 249-274 (1997).
Chen, K. and C. Owen, “A study of computer supported formal design,” Design Studies, 19(3), 331-359 (1998).
Chen, K. and C. Shao, “Managing product identity through style recurrence,” International Journal of Product Development, 2(4), 371-385 (2005).
Chen, L. L. and J. Liang, “Image Interpolation for synthesizing affective product shapes,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Affective Human Factors Design, Asian Academic Press, London, 531–537 (2001).
Chen, S., W. Huang and Era design, The art of innovative design, Long Sea Company, Taipei, Taiwan (2006).
China External Trade Development Council and National Cheng Kung University, ’82 bike for modern living, China External Trade Development Council, Taipei, Taiwan, 61-67 (1981).
Chou, W. C., J. N. Chen, T. S. Huang, H. J. King, C. H. Chen and S. M. Wang, “Head mounted display (HMD) commercialized product practice research,” Information Display, ASID '99 Proceedings of the 5th Asian Symposium, March 17-19, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 339-342 (1999).
Christenberry, E. B., “The use of music therapy with burn patients,” Journal of Music Therapy, 16, 138-148 (1979).
Chuang, L. M., W. S. Fan, and W. K. Shih, “A study of influential factors on product innovation performance of high-technical firms in Taiwan: a confirmatory mediating effect of cannibalization,” Operation Management Reviews, Special Issue, 21-42 (2005).
Chuang, M. C. and Y. C. Ma, “Expressing the expected product images in product design of micro-electronic products,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 27, 233-245 (2001).
Chuang, M. C., C. C. Chang and S. H. Hsu, “Perceptual factors underlying user preferences toward product form of mobile phones,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 27, 247-258 (2001).
Clark, K. B. and T. Fujimoto, “Overlapping problem solving in product development,” Working paper No. 87–048, Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA, (1988).
Clarke, D. W., TRIZ: through the eyes of an American TRIZ specialist, Ideation International Inc., Southfield, MI (1997).
Cohen, W. M. and D. A. Levinthal, “Fortune favors the prepared firm,” Management, 25, 465-482 (1994).
Cooper, R. G. and E. J. Kleinschmidt, “Success factors in product innovation,” Industrial Marketing Management, 16, 215-223 (1987).
Cooper, R. G. and E. J. Kleinschmidt, “Winning businesses in product development: critical success factors,” Research- Technology Management, 39, 18-29 (1996).
Cooper, R. G. and E. J. Kleinschmidt, New products: the key factors in success, Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, 1-52 (1990).
Cooper, R. G., “New product strategies: what distinguishes the top performers?” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2, 51-64 (1984).
Cooper, R. G., “Predevelopment activities determine new product success,” Industrial Marketing Management, 17, 237-247 (1988).
Cooper, R. G., Winning at new products: accelerating the process from Idea to launch (2nd ed.), Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA (1993).
Cowings, P. S., “Autogenic-feedback training exercise (AFTE) method and system,” United States Patent 5,694,939 (1997).
Cozijnsen, A. J., W. J. Vrakking and M. Van IJzerloo, “Success and failure of 50 innovation projects in Dutch companies,” European Journal of Innovation Management, 3, 150-159 (2000).
Crane, R. A.,” The future of biofeedback,” Biofeedback, 30(1), Spring, 28-29 (2002).
Crawford, C. M., “Marketing research and the new product failure rate,” Journal of Marketing, 41, 51-61 (1977).
Crawford, C. M., New products management (5th ed.), Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Boston (1997).
Crawford, M. C. and A. C. Di Benedetto, New product management (6th ed.), Irwin/McGraw-Hill, New York (2000).
CreatingMinds, The Kipling method (5W1H), Available online at: http://creatingminds.org/tools/kipling.htm (accessed July 31, 2007).
Cristiano, J. J., J. K. Liker and C. C. Ⅲ White, “Customer-driven product development through quality function deployment in the US and Japan,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(4), 286-308 (2000).
Cristiano, J. J., J. K. Liker and C. C. Ⅲ White, “Key factors in the successful application of quality function deployment (QFD),” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 48(1), 81-95 (2001).
Cummings, S. and J. Davies, “Mission, vision, fusion,” Long Range Planning, 27(6), 147-150 (1994).
Cunningham B., “AHA and the future,” Hippotherapy, 13, 2 (2004).
Date, S., “Seesaw exercise vehicle,” United States Patent 4,779,882 (1998).
Dewberry, E. and C. Sherwin, “Visioning sustainability through design,” Greener Management International, 37, 125-138 (2002).
Dieter, G. E., Engineering design: a materials and processing approach (3rd ed.), McGraw-Hill, Singapore (2000).
Domb, E., “The 39 features of Altshuller contradiction matrix,” The TRIZ Journal, Available online at: www.triz-journal.com/archives/1998/11/d/ (accessed May 10, 2005).
Dourson, S., “The 40 inventive principles of TRIZ applied to finance,” The TRIZ Journal, October Issue (2004).
Dung, P., “Enlarging TRIZ and teaching enlarged TRIZ for the large public,” The TRIZ Journal, June Issue (2001).
Earles, J., R. A. Folen and L. C. James, “Biofeedback using telemedicine: clinical applications and case illustrations,” Behavioral Medicine, Summer, 27(2), 77-82 (2001).
Espe, H., “Symbolic qualities of watches,” in Susann Vihma (eds.), Object and images- studies in design and advertising, University of Industrial Arts Helsinki, 124-131 (1992).
Fagan, J. S., “Rocking cycle,” United States Patent 6,499,747 (2002).
Foster, R., Innovation: the attacker’s advantage, Summit Books, New York, NY (1986).
Futterman, A. D. and D. Shapiro, “A review of biofeedback for mental disorders,” British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 289-307 (1976).
Garcia, R. and R. Calantone, “A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature review,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 19, 110-132 (2002).
Garrett, B. L. and M. P. Silver, “The use of EMG and alpha biofeedback to relieve test anxiety in college students,” in I. Wickramasekera (eds), Biofeedback, Behavior Therapy, and Hypnosis, Nelson-Hall, Chicago, IL, 103-115 (1976).
Geroski, P., S. Machin, and J. Van Reenen, “The profitability of innovating firms,” RAND Journal of Economics, 24(2), 198-211 (1993).
Go, K., Y. Takamoto, J. M. Carroll, A. Imamiya and H. Masuda, “Envisioning systems using a photo-essay technique and a scenario-based inquiry,” Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003, June 22-27, Crete, Greece, 375-379 (2003).
Gooch, J. L., D. Bloswick, D. R. Brown, G. Howell and J. W. Bean, “Muscle powered therapeutic vehicular system,” United States Patent 5,848,955 (1998).
Greenleaf, J. E. and B. A. Williams, “Thermistor holder for skin temperature measurements,” United States Patent 3,983,753 (1976).
Harris, S. R., “Neurodevelopmental treatment approach for teaching swimming to cerebral palsied children,” Physical Therapy, 58(8), 979-983 (1978).
Hass, R. W., Industrial Marketing Management: Texts and Cases (4th ed.), Pws-Kent Publishing Company, Boston, MA, 63-86 (1989).
Health & Safety Executive, Available online at: www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/causdis/stress.htm (accessed July 30, 2007)
Herman, L. A., M. Helman and D. W. Jones, “Velocipede,” United States Patent 5,120,074 (1992).
Hiebert, B. A. and G. Fitzsimmons, “A comparison of EMG feedback and alternative anxiety treatment programs,” Biofeedback and Self Regulation, 6, 501-516 (1981).
Hipple, J., “40 inventive principles with examples for chemical engineering,” The TRIZ Journal, June Issue (2005).
Hojer, M. and L. G. Mattsson, “Determinism and backcasting in future studies,” Futures, 32, 613-634 (2000).
Howell, G., J. W. Bean, J. L. Gooch, D. Bloswick and D. R. Brown, “Muscle powered therapeutic vehicle,” United States Patent, 5,501,476 (1996).
Hsiao, S. W. and C. H. Chen, “A semantic and shape grammar based approach for product design,” Design Studies, 18(3), 275-296 (1997).
Hsiao, S. W. and M. C. Liu, “A morphing method for shape generation and image prediction in product design,” Design Studies, 23(5), 533-556 (2002).
Hsiao, S. W. and H. P. Wang, “Applying the semantic transformation method to product form design,” Design Studies, 19(3), 309-330 (1998).
Hsu, S. H., M. C. Chuang, and C. C. Chang, “A semantic differential study of designers' and users' product form perception,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 25, 375-391 (2000).
Huang, S. Y., “Conducting new mineral water design and development through the lock on of target market,” Journal of Design Science, 8(2), 1-23 (2005).
Hughes, G. D. and D. C. Chafin, “Turning new product development into a continuous learning process,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 13, 89-104 (1996).
Huntley, A., A. R. White and E. Ernst, “Relaxation therapies for asthma: a systematic review,” Thorax, 57, 127-131 (2002).
Hutzler, Y., A. Chacham, U. Bergman and I. Reches, “Effects of a movement and swimming program on water orientation skills and self-concept of kindergarten children with cerebral palsy,” Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86(1), 111-118 (1998).
Hutzler, Y., A. Chacham, U. Bergman and A. Szeinberg, “Effects of a movement and swimming program on vital capacity and water orientation skills of children with cerebral palsy,” Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 40(3), 176-81 (1998).
Industrial Design Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society, Available online at: http://dolcn.com/data/cns_1/ind_11/cids_998/activity_9981/2006-09/1159087309.html (accessed on Sept. 30, 2006).
Jacqueline, F. B. and A. S. Kathleen, “Effect of a music intervention on noise annoyance, heart rate, and blood pressure in cardiac surgery patients,” American Journal of Critical Care, 6, 183-191 (1997).
Jenkins, S., S. Forbes, T. S. Durrani and S. K. Banerjee, “Managing the product management,” International Journal of Technology Management, 13(4), 359-379 (1997).
Jerome, L., P. H. DeLeon, L. C. James, R. Folen, J. Earles and J. J. Gedney, “The coming of age of telecommunications in psychological research and practice,” American Psychologist, Apr 55(4), 407-21 (2000).
Jindo, T., K. Hirasago and M. Nagamachi, “Development of a design support system for office chairs using 3D graphics,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 15, 49-62 (1995).
Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Backcasting, Available online at: forlearn.jrc.es/guide/2_design/meth_backcasting.htm (accessed April 16, 2007)
Jones, M. D., “Oscillating ride-on vehicle,” United States Patent 6,220,609 (2001).
Kelly, M. and J. Darrah “Aquatic exercise for children with cerebral palsy,” Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 47, 838-842 (2005).
Kipling, R., “The Elephant's Child,” in R. Kipling, Just So Stories (1902).
Kipling, R., The Elephant's Child, Voyager Books, (1988).
Kistler, A., C. Mariauzouls and K. Berlepsch, “Fingertip temperature as an indicator for sympathetic responses,” International Journal of Psychophysiology, 29, 35-41 (1998).
Klein, L., “Where is biofeedback heading?” Biofeedback, 30(1), Spring, 19-21 (2002).
Kleinknecht, A., R. Oostendorp and M. Pradhan, Patterns and economic effects of flexibility in labour relations in the Netherlands, An exploration of the OSA demand and supply panels (in Dutch), The Hague: Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR, V99), Sdu Publishers (ISBN: 90 399 1383 8) (1997).
Kleinschmidt, E. J. and R. G. Cooper, “The impact of product innovativeness on performance,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 8, 240-51 (1991).
Kobayashi, S., “The Aim and Method of the Color Image Scale,” Color Research and Application, 6(2), 93-107 (1981).
Kobayashi S., Color Image Scale Version 2, Nippon Color and Design Research Institute Inc., Kodansha, Japan (2001).
Lai, H., Y. Lin and C. Yeh, “Form design of product image using grey relational analysis and neural network models,” Computers and Operations Research Archive, 32(10), 2689-2711 (2005).
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson, Metaphors we live by, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL (1980).
Latham, W., “Form synth: the rule-based evolution of complex forms from geometric primitives,” in J. Lansdown and R. A. Earnshaw (eds), Computers in Art, Design and Animation, Springer-Verlag New York Inc., New York, NY, 80-108 (1989).
Lee, M. H., Become more creative- how to invent and innovate, Unalis Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan (1995).
Lin, C. and C. Su, “An innovative way to create new services: applying the TRIZ methodology,” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers, 24(2), 142-152 (2007).
Lin, C. C. and K. Chen, “A study on rule-based form generation- using G. T. Rietveld’s chair designs as examples,” Abstracts of the International Design Congress, Organizing Committee of 2005 International Design Congress, Taiwan, 23 (2005).
Lippmann, W., Public opinion, Free Press, New York, NY (1922).
Little, B. C., P. J. Hayworth and J. Dewhurst, “Treatment of hypertension in pregnancy by relaxation and biofeedback,” Lancet, 1, 865-867 (1984).
Liu, L. and E. Yu, “Designing information systems in social context: a goal and scenario modeling approach,” Information Systems, 29(2), 187-203 (2004).
Loh, H. T., C. He and L. Shen, “Automatic classification of patent documents for TRIZ users,” World Patent Information, 28, 6-13 (2006).
Luh, D. B. and Y. C. Lin, “The design chain patterns- focused on stationery industry,” Proceedings of International Conference on Business and Information 2006, CD (section: Organizational Development and Change), July 12-14, Pan Pacific Hotel, Singapore (2006).
Luo, S., S. Sun, Y. Pan and S. Zhu, “A case study on product collaborative conceptual design technology based on user implicit knowledge,” Proceedings of the 8th International Conference Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, May 26-28, 1, 191-196 (2004).
Lynna, Gary S. and A. E.Akgu¨n, “Project visioning: its components and impact on new product success,” The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18, 374-387 (2001).
MacKinnon, J. R., S. Noh, J. Lariviere, A. MacPhail, D. Allen, and D. Laliberte, “A study of therapeutic effects of horseback riding for children with cerebral palsy,” Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 15(1), 17-34 (1995).
Mann, D. and E. Domb, “40 Inventive (business) principles with examples,” The TRIZ Journal, September Issue (1999).
Mann, D., “Integrating knowledge from biology into the TRIZ framework,” The TRIZ Journal, October Issue (2001).
Marsh, D. G., F. H. Waters and T. D. Marsh, “40 Inventive principles with applications in education,” The TRIZ Journal, April (2004).
Maurer, C., C. J. Overbeke, and G. Smets, “The semantics of street furniture,” in Susann Vihma (eds.), Object and images- Studies in design and advertising, University of Industrial Arts Helsinki, 86-93 (1992).
McGuigan, F. J., E. O. Camacho, C. D. Hardyck, L. F. Petrinovich, and D. W. Ellsworth, “Feedback of speech muscle activity during silent reading: two comments,” Science, 157, 579-581 (1967).
Miyoshi, M., Y. Shimoshio and H. Koga, “Automatic lettering design based on human kansei,” Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction international 2005, Las Vegas, USA, Posters, CD-ROM (2005).
Mycoted, Five Ws and H, Available online at: http://www.mycoted.com/Five_Ws_and_H (accessed July 31, 2007).
Mycoted, Morphological analysis, Available online at: www.mycoted.com/Morphological_Analysis (accessed June 30, 2007).
Nagamachi, M., “Kansei engineering: a new ergonomic consumer-orientated technology for consumer development,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 15, 3-11 (1995).
Nagamachi, M., “Implications of Kansei engineering and its application to automotive design consultation,” Proceedings of the Third Pan-Pacific Conference on Occupational Ergonomics, 171-175 (1996).
Nagamachi, M., “Kansei as powerful consumer-oriented technology for product development,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 33, 289-294 (2002).
Nakada, K., “Kansei engineering research on the design of construction machinery,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 19, 129-146 (1997).
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Cerebral Palsy: Hope Through Research, Available online at: www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cerebral_palsy/detail_cerebral_palsy.htm#93393104 (accessed May 31, 2007).
Nippon Color & Design Research Institute Inc., Image scale system, Available online at: www.ncd-ri.co.jp/english/index.html (accessed on May 31, 2007).
O' Hair, D. E., Biofeedback, review, history, and application, Available online at: www.users.cts.com/crash/d/deohair/psychoph.html (accessed May 10, 2005).
O’Brien, F. A., and M. Meadows, “Corporate visioning: A survey of UK practice,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 51, 36-44 (2000).
O’Brien, F. and M. Meadows, “How to develop visions: A literature review, and a revised CHOICES approach for an uncertain world,” Journal of Systemic Practice and Action Research, 14(4), 495-515 (2001).
O’Connor, G. C. and R. W. Veryzer, “The nature of market visioning for technology-based radical innovation,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18, 231-246 (2001).
OECD, The nature of innovation and the evolution of the productive system technology and productivity- the challenge for economic policy, OECD, Paris, 303-314 (1991).
Oliveira, J. C., “Developing systematic innovation tools for the food industry,” The TRIZ Journal, October Issue (2001).
Osgood, C. E., C. J. Suci and P. H. Tannenbaum, The measurement of meaning, University of Illinois Press, Champaign, IL (1957).
Pahl, G. and W. Beitz, Engineering design- a system approach (2nd ed.), Springer, New York, NY (1995).
Palsson, O. S., and A. T. Pope, “Morphing beyond recognition: the future of biofeedback technologies,” Biofeedback, 30(1), Spring, 14-18 (2002).
Paneth, N., T. Hong and S. Korzeniewski, “The descriptive epidemiology of cerebral palsy,” Clinics in Perinatology, 33(2), 251-267 (2006).
Parikh, J. and F. Neubauer, “Corporate visioning,” International Review of Strategic Management, 4, 105-116 (1993).
Peganoff, S. A., “The use of aquatics with cerebral palsied adolescents,” The American journal of occupational therapy, 38(7), 469-473 (1984).
Penzien, D. B., J. C. Rains and F. Andrasik, “Behavioral management of recurrent headache: three decades of experience and empiricism,” Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 27, 163-81 (2002).
Prospectiva, Backcasting: Creating a future history, Available online at: www.prospectiva.net/docs/BackcastingMaking%20it%20Happen.pdf (accessed April 1, 2007)
Quist, J., M. Knot, W. Young, K. Green and P. J. Vergragt, “Strategies towards sustainable households using stakeholder workshops and scenarios,” International Journal of Sustainable Developments, 4(1), 75-89 (2001).
Raymond, A. F., L. C. James, J. E. Earles and F. Andrasik, “Biofeedback via telehealth: a new frontier for applied psychophysiology,” Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 26(3), 195-204 (2001).
Retseptor, G., “40 inventive principles in quality management,” The TRIZ Journal, March Issue (2003).
Rice, M. P., G. C. O’Connor, L. S. Peters, and J. G. Morone, “Managing discontinuous innovation,” Research Technology Management, 41, 52-58 (1998).
Ritchey, T., “General morphological analysis: a general method for non-quantified modeling,” 16th EURO Conference on Operational Analysis, July, Brussels (1998).
Ritchey, T., MA/Casper: Advanced computer support for general morphological analysis, Available online at: www.swemorph.com/macasper.html (accessed June 30, 2007).
Robinson, J., “Energy backcasting: a proposed method of policy analysis,” Energy Policy, 10(4), 337-344 (1982).
Robinson, J., “Future subjunctive: backcasting as social learning,” Futures, 35(8), 839-856 (2003).
Rosenthal, R. D., L. N. Paynter and R. J. Quintana, “Measurement of finger temperature in near-infrared quantitative measurement instrument,” United States Patent 5,362,966 (1994).
Rothwell, R. and P. Gardiner, “Reinnovation and robust designs: producer and user benefits,” Journal of Marketing Management, 3(3), 372-87 (1988).
Rozzano, G. R. and B. S. Locsin, “The effect of music on the pain of selected post-operative patients,” Journal of Advanced Nursing, 6, 19-25 (1981).
Sargent, J. D., E. E. Green and E. D. Walters, “The use of autogenic feedback training in a pilot study of migraine and tension headaches,” Headache, 12, 120-125 (1972).
Schandler, S. L. and E. R. Dana, “Cognitive imagery and physiological feedback relaxation protocols applied to clinically tense young adults: a comparison of state, trait, and physiological effects,” Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 672-681 (1983).
Schoemaker, P. J. H., “Scenario planning: a tool for strategic thinking,” Sloan Management Review, 25-40 (1995).
Schwartz, M. S. and R. P. Olson, “A historical perspective on the field of biofeedback and applied psychophysiology,” In M. S. Schwartz (eds), Biofeedback---A Practitioner’s Guide (2nd ed.), The Guilford Press, New York, NY, 3-18 (1995).
Schwartz, M. S. and R. P. Olson, “A premier of biofeedback instrumentation,” In M. S. Schwartz (eds), Biofeedback---a practitioner’s guide (2nd ed.), The Guilford Press, New York, NY, 45-95 (1995).
Schwartz, M. S., “Compliance,” In M. S. Schwartz (eds), Biofeedback---A Practitioner’s Guide (2nd ed.), The Guilford Press, New York, NY, 184-207 (1995).
Schwartz, M. S., “The use of audiotapes for patient education and relaxation,” In M. S. Schwartz (eds), Biofeedback---A Practitioner’s Guide (2nd ed.), The Guilford Press, New York, NY, 301-310 (1995).
Seifalian, A. M, G. Stansby, A. Jackson, K. Howell and G. Hamilton, “Comparison of laser Doppler perfusion imaging, laser Doppler flowmetry, and thermographic imaging for assessment of blood flow in human skin,” European Journal of Vascular Surgery, 8(1), 65-69 (1994).
Shipley, R. and J. L. Michela, “Can Vision Motivate Planning Action?” Planning, Practice and Research, 21(2), 223-244 (2006).
Sleight, I. J, “Biofeedback over the web,” Biofeedback, 30(1), Spring, 26-27 (2002).
Sterba, J. A., B. T. Rogers, A. P. France and D. A. Vokes, “Horseback riding in children with cerebral palsy: effect on gross motor function,” Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 44, 301-308 (2002).
Steuer, R. R., R. K. Rogers and R. H. Horne, “Miniature physiological monitor with interchangeable sensors,” United States Patent 4,407,295 (1983).
Stevens, G., J. Burley and R. Divine, “Creativity + business discipline = higher profits faster from new product development,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 16(5), 455-468 (1999).
Stewart, J. M., “Future state visioning- a powerful leadership process,” Long Range Plan, 26, 89-98 (1993).
Stiny, G., “Introduction to shape and shape grammars,” Environment and Planning B, 6, 343-351 (1980).
Strange, M. and M. Mumford, “The origins of vision: effects of reflection, models, and analysis,” Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 121-148 (2005).
Strigl, A. W., “Limits and options for sustaining technological development through systems renewal,” in Proceedings of 15th International Symposium Informatics for Environmental Protection, 848-857 (2001).
Suesada, R., Y. Itamochi, S. Kondoh, S. Fukushige and Y. Umeda, “Advances in life cycle engineering for sustainable manufacturing businesses,” Proceedings of the 14th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Jun. 11-13, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, 29-34 (2007).
Suri, J. F. and M. Marsh, “Scenario building as an ergonomics method in consumer product design,” Applied Ergonomics, 31, 151-157 (2000).
Taguchi, G., S. Chowdhury and Y. Wu, Taguchi's Quality Engineering Handbook, John Wiley & Sons (2004).
Tansey, J., J. M. Journeay, S. Talwar, J. Robinson and B. Brodaric, “Navigating pathways between science and policy,” Horizons, 6(4), 70-73 (2004).
Tate, K. and E. Domb, “40 inventive Principles with examples,” The TRIZ Journal, July Issues (1997).
Tepper, A., “Controlling technology by shaping visions,” Policy Science, 29, 29-44 (1996).
Terninko, J., A. Zusman and B. Zlotin, Systematic Innovation- An Introduction to TRIZ, St. Lucie Press (1998).
Terninko, J., Step by step QFD: customer-driven product design (2nd ed.), St. Lucie Press, New York, NY (1996).
The American Institute of Stress, Available online at: www.stress.org/topic-effects.htm (accessed July 30, 2007)
Thornberry, N., “A view about ‘vision’,” European Management Journal, 15(1), 28-34 (1997).
Tushman, M. and P. Anderson, “Technological discontinuities and organizational environments,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 439-465 (1986).
Ueda, Y., “Design Development of Portable Information Equipment,” Fujitsu Scientific and Technical Journal, 34(1), 58-67 (1998)
Ullman, D.G., The mechanical design process, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1992).
Ulrich, K.T. and S. D. Eppinger, Product design, and development, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, NY (1995).
United Cerebral Palsy, Cerebral palsy, Available online at: www.ucp.org/ucp_generaldoc.cfm/1/9/37/37-37/447 (accessed May 31, 2007).
Urban, G. L. and J. R. Hauser, Design, and marketing of new products (2nd ed.), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1993).
Utterback, J. M., Mastering the dynamics of innovation, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 200 (1996).
Vergragt P. J. “Back-casting for environmental sustainability: from STD and SusHouse towards implementation,” in M. Weber and J. Hemmelskamp (eds), Towards environmental innovation systems, ISBN 3-54022322-3, Springer, Heidelberg, 301-318 (2005).
Vergragt, P. J. and H. S. Brown, “Sustainable mobility: from technological innovation to societal learning,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 15, 1104-1115 (2007).
Vergragt, P. J. and L. Jansen, “Sustainable technological development: the making of a long-term oriented technology programme, Project Appraisal, 8(3), 134-140 (1993).
Vergragt, P. J. and M. Van der Wel, “Back-casting: an example of sustainable washing,” in N. Roome (ed.), Sustainable Strategies for Industry, 171-184, Island Press, Washington DC (1998).
Vergragt, P. J. and K. Green, “The SusHouse methodology: design orienting scenarios for sustainable solutions,” Journal of Design Research, 1(2) (2001).
Vergragt, P. J. and K. Green, “Towards sustainable households: a methodology for developing sustainable technological and social innovations,” Futures, 34, 381-400 (2002).
Ward, J. W., “Personal physiological monitor,” United States Patent 4,509,531 (1985).
Weingand, D. E., “Futures research methodologies: linking today’s decisions with tomorrow’s possibilities,” Proceedings of 61st IFLA General Conference, August 20-25 (1995).
Weiss, T. and B. T. Engel, “Operant conditioning of heart rate in patients with premature ventricular contractions,” Psychosomatic Medicine, 33, 301-321 (1971).
Whitehead, W. E., “Biofeedback in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders,” Biofeedback and Self Regulation, 3, 375-384 (1978).
Whitt, F. R. and D. G. Wilson, Bicycling Science (2nd ed.), The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 223 (1982).
Wikipedia, Five Ws, Available online at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5W1H (accessed July 31, 2007).
Wind, J. and V. Mahajan, “Issues and opportunities in new product development: an introduction to the special issue,” Journal of Marketing Research, 34(February), 1-12 (1997).
Woolley-Hart A., “Biofeedback and relaxation therapy for patients with migraine and tension headaches,” Psychiatrie, Neurologie und Medizinische Psychologie, 36, 649-654 (1984).
World Health Organization, Preventing suicide: a resource at work, Available online at: whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241594381_eng.pdf (accessed July 30, 2007).
Yim, H. and K. Lee, “Environmental benchmarking methodology for the identification of key environmental aspects of a product,” Electronics and the Environment 2002 IEEE International Symposium, May 6-9, San Francisco, CA, USA, 21-26 (2002),
Zhang, J. and J. Zhao, “Image scale and research on product design,” Decorative, 7(11), 21 (2002) (in Chinese).
Zhang, J., K. C. Tan and K. H. Chai, “Systematic innovation in service design through TRIZ,” The TRIZ Journal, September Issue (2003).
Zhu, S., S. Luo and J. Zhao, “Preliminary study on form image scale of numerical controlled machine tool based on human factors,” Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics, 12(11), 873-875 (2000) (in Chinese).
Zwicky, F. and A. Wilson (eds), New methods of thought and procedure: contributions to the symposium on methodologies, Springer, Berlin (1967).
Zwicky, F., Discovery, invention, research- through the morphological approach, The Macmillian Company, Toronto (1969).