本論文係透過實驗來量測模組化超級電容模組之充放電波形，進而推導分析其等效電路參數之特性，並利用Matlab/Simulink軟體模擬驗證模組化超級電容模組之充放電曲線，以作為設計超級電容儲能系統之用。此外，吾人並以船用蓄電池的使用方式來測試或模擬超級電容模組的電壓變化特性，再將結果與船舶檢驗規範進行比較以驗證超級電容應用於小型船舶電力儲存的可行性，期能提供未來於設計小型船舶電力系統之參考。

This thesis derives and analyzes the characteristics of the parameters of the equivalent circuit model through measuring the charge and discharge waveforms of a supercapacitor module. Then, the charge and discharge graphs of the supercapacitor module are validated with the model developed in Matlab/Simulink that can be used for the design of Supercapacitors Energy Storage System (SESS). Moreover, the characteristics of voltage changes of the supercapacitor module are studied by using a similar method for testing a lead-acid battery. Finally, the test results are then compared with ship inspection rules to verifiy the feasibility of using the supercapacitor module for energy storage in a small vessel in the future.

[1] Lloyd’s Register-Fairplay Research, “Shipbuilding market forecast,” January 2010.
[2] S. A. Zabalawi, G. Mandic, and A. Nasiri, “Utilizing energy storage with PV for residential and commercial use,” IECON, November 2008, pp. 1045-1050.
[3] 楊家豪，“電池製造業基本資料”，台灣經濟研究院產經資料庫，2010年1月，pp. 2。
[4] 林暐智，“超級電容器交流阻抗分析與燃料電池車之能量管理系統設計”，國立清華大學動力機械工程學系，碩士論文，2006年。
[5] 王然、苗小麗，“大功率超級電容發展與應用”，電池工業，第13卷，第3期，第191-216頁，2008年6月。
[6] A. Yoshida, K. Imoto, H. Yoneda, and A. Nishino, “An electric double-layer capacitor with high capacitance and low resistance,” IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technokogy, vol. 15, no. 1, February 1992, pp. 133-138.
[7] M. Okamura, “A basic study on power storage capacitor system,” Electrical Engineering in Japan, vol. 116, no. 3, March 1996, pp. 504-510.
[8] R. Bonert and L.Zubieta, “Measurement techniques for the evaluation of double-layer power capacitors,” IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA , October 5-9, vol. 2, 1997, pp. 1097-1100.
[9] L. Zubieta and R. Bonert, “Characterization of double-layer capacitors for power electronics applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applicatons, vol. 36, no. 1, January/February 2000, pp. 199-205.
[10] R. L. Spyker and R. M. Nelms,”Classical equivalent circuit parameters for a double-layer capacitor,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 36, no. 3, July 2000, pp. 829-836.
[11] F. Belhachemi, S. Rael, and B. Davat, “A physical based model of power electric double –layer supercapaciors,” IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Rome, Italy, October 2000, vol. 5, pp. 3069-3076.
[12] S. Buller, E. Karden, D. Kok, and R. W. De Doncker, “Modeling the dynamic behavior of supercapacitors using impedance spectroscopy,” vol. 38, no. 6, November 2002, pp. 1622-1625.
[13] R. Kotz, M. Hahn, and R. Gallay, “Temperature behavior and impedance fundaments of supercapacitors,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 154, no. 2, March 2006, pp. 550-555.
[14] Y. Y. Yao, D. L. Zhang, and D. G. Xu, “A study of supercapacitor parameters and characteristics,” IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology, October 2006, pp. 1-4.
[15] L. Shi and M. L. Ceow, “Comparison of ultracapacitor electric circuit models,” IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in 21st Century, pp. 1-6, 2008.
[16] Y. Zhong, J. Zhang, G. Li, and A. Liu, ”Research on energy efficiency of supercapacitor energy storage system,” IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology, pp. 1-4, Octover 2006.
[17] A. M. van Voorden, L. M. R. Elizondo, G. C. Paap, J. Verboomen, and L. van der Sluis, “The application of supercapacitors to relieve battery-stroage systems in autonomous renewable energy system,” IEEE Lansanne Power Tech, July 2007, pp. 479-484.
[18] J. D. Maclay, J. Brouwer, and G. S. Samuelsen, “Dynamic modeling of hybrid energy stroage systems coupled to photovoltaic generation in residential applications,” Jonrnal of Power Sources, vol. 163, no. 2, January 2007, pp. 916-925.
[19] J. H. Han, J. G. Shon, D. Seo, and H. J. Jeon, “Development of on-line type dynamic voltage compensation system using supercapacitor,” IEEE 7th International Conference on Power Electronics, Daegu, Korea, October 22-26, 2007, pp. 455-459.
[20] V. A. Shah, J. A. Joshi, R. Maheshwari, and R. Roy, “Review of ultracapacitor technology and its applications,” 15th National Power System Conference, Bombay, India, December 16-18, 2008, pp. 142-147.
[21] Y. Zhang, Z. Jiang, and X. Yu, “Control strategies for battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems,” IEEE Energy 2030 Conference, November 2008, pp. 1-6.
[22] M. Harfman-Todorovic, M. Chellappan, L. Palma, and P. Enjeti, “The role of supercapacitors in designing fuel cell power portable applications,” IEEE 39th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Rhodes, Greece, June 15-19, 2008, pp. 2465-2472.
[23] M. B. Camara, H. Gualous, F. Gustin, and A. Berthon, “Design and new control of DC/DC converters to share energy between supercapacitors and batteryies in hybrid vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 57, no. 5, September 2008, pp. 2721-2735.
[24] R. Barrero, X. Tackoen, and J. van Mierlo, “Improving energy efficiency in public transport: stationary supercapacitor based energy stroage system for a metro network,” IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulison Conference, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, China, September 3-5, 2008, pp. 1-8.
[25] H. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Cheng, and D. Maly, “Improvement on the cold cranking capacity of commercial vehicle by using supercapacitor and lead-acid battery hybrid,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 3, March 2009, pp. 1097-1105.
[26] M. ud din Mufti, S. A. Lone, S. J. Iqbal, M. Ahmad, and M. Ismail “Supercapacitor based energy stroage system for improved load frequency control,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 79, no. 1, January 2009, pp. 226-233.
[27] Juergen Auer，Dr John Miller,”利用超級電容進行混合動力車的能量管理”，無線電技術月刊，第421期，2008年7月，黃柏輝編譯，pp. 168-173。
[28] R. Holm, H. Polinder, J. A. Ferreira, P. van Gelder, and R. Dill, “A comparison of energy storage technologies as energy buffer in renewable energy sources with respect to power capability,” IEEE Young Researchers Symposium in Electrical Power Engineering, Leuven, Belgium, February 7-8 2002.
[29] “LS Ultracapacituor - Next-generation Energy Storage Devices with Low Resistance and Great Reliability,” http://www.saelig.com/supplier/lscable/Ultracapacitor-Brochure_2007.pdf
[30] 許家興，“ 渾身是勁v.s 耐力持久—電動車電池類型與電池基礎介紹”，車輛研測資訊，2009年10月，pp.15。
[31] “ 94年度五十噸級巡防艇電力負載分析表”，中信造船股份有限公司，2006年7月。
[32] 李建興，徐士賢，何政龍，廖振倫，楊昆達，”高效能電力系統與節能儲能技術之開發研究”，漁船省能源暨漁機工程及漁船安全之研究，2009年12月。