過去研究指出海馬迴與空間記憶、探索等功能相關，也發現不同尺寸的空間資訊在海馬迴前後側有表徵差異。但這些發現尚無法確定使用路徑式學習(route-learning)而得的認知地圖(cognitive map)，與地圖式學習(map-learning)的製圖式地圖(cartographic map)在提取機制的異同，也缺乏以紙本地圖探討精細(fine-grained)及粗略尺寸(coarse-grained)在海馬迴表徵的差異。故本研究分別以成大校園（認知地圖）及實驗者設計的製圖式地圖上的地標名稱為材料，並使用Hirshhorn等人(2012)的方位判斷派典，依據兩地標對應到東西或南北軸的投影距離，將相對較長的問項分為簡單題、相對較短的問項為困難題，讓參與者回答：哪個地標較偏東/西/南/北邊？，同時假設困難會比簡單題多用到精細的空間表徵來幫助回答。藉此觀察參與者在提取認知及製圖式地圖的神經機制差異，及處理不同距離的題項時，所使用不同精細程度的空間表徵於行為及影像表現的情形。先在預備性研究一、二分別進行認知及製圖式地圖的方位判斷程式，接著才在fMRI實驗讓參與者在掃描儀中同時完成兩部分的方位判斷程式。結果發現：行為表現在簡單題的正確率皆顯著高於困難題，反應時間則顯著短於困難題。影像的部分在成大認知地圖比製圖式地圖多活化左後側海馬迴(left posterior hippocampus)，且在成大認知地圖情境下，簡單及困難題都比控制組多活化海馬迴區域，但兩者比較後並未發現困難題比簡單題多活化後側海馬迴；此外，製圖式紙本地圖也有觀察到困難題比簡單題多活化右後側海馬迴(right posterior hippocampus)的區域。

The hippocampus plays an important role in memory and spatial cognition. It acts like an inner GPS in the brain. It has been shown from the fMRI study that fine-grained representations may involve more posterior hippocampus than coarse-grained ones when using materials from real life. However, less has been known about learning spatial knowledge from cartographic map learning. We used behavioral and fMRI studies to examine the differences between retrieving spatial knowledge from an environment learned from experience (NCKU; route learning) and from cartographic map learning (MAP; with a novel map). We found that NCKU showed more activations in scene processing areas than MAP. Difficult spatial questions (supposed to involve more fine-grained spatial processing) also activated more medial temporal regions then easy questions (coarse-grained processing). These results suggest that the conditions may involve some common and some distinct neural processing.

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