本研究之目的為瞭解：(1)溫度對於水洗後(WFA)及未水洗原灰(FA)中戴奧辛/呋喃之影響，(2)氯含量對於戴奧辛/呋喃再生成之影響，並(3)提供日後處理飛灰時抑制 PCDD/Fs 生成之參考。為達成上述目的，本研究將實驗分為兩部分。第一部分為將醫療廢棄物焚化飛灰直接進行50℃至1,450℃不同溫度下之熱處理；第二部分為先將飛灰進行水洗前處理，其液固比(Liquid-to-solid ratio)設定為20，再取三次水洗處理後之沉澱物進行後續熱處理。
實驗結果顯示，於醫療廢棄物飛灰中之平均氯含量及戴奧辛/呋喃毒性含量分別為10,258 mg/kg及42.2 ng I-TEQ/g。而於熱處理過程後，飛灰中戴奧辛/呋喃特徵剖面與FA中相似，皆以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF為主。於實驗溫度50~ 250℃下，飛灰中PCDD/Fs及氯含量皆與FA中含量相近。當溫度提升至250~ 500℃，顯示氯含量及PCDD/Fs含量皆有顯著上升之趨勢，其中PCDD/Fs毒性含量從250℃時FA之1.37倍上升至500℃時之10.1倍，氯含量亦從300℃時FA之0.878倍上升至500℃時之1.38倍。
當溫度於500~ 1,100℃區間時，PCDD/Fs含量逐漸下降，而氯含量卻繼續上升，直至850~ 1,100℃間，氯含量開始逐漸下降。其中PCDD/Fs含量毒性含量從500℃時FA之10.1倍下降至1,100℃時之1.20倍，而氯含量從500℃時FA之1.38倍上升至850℃時之1.46倍，再下降至1,100℃時之1.20倍，導致此趨勢不一致的原因應為有機物被破壞而使得氯含量有上升之現象，另一方面，於此研究中藉由自然冷卻方式降溫，當溫度降至PCDD/Fs生成溫度區間(250~ 450℃)時，由於飛灰中氯含量較高，其經由de Novo反應機制而大量生成PCDD/Fs，使得PCDD/Fs含量雖然略為下降但仍高於FA中PCDD/Fs含量。
當溫度到1,100~ 1,450℃時，飛灰中PCDD/Fs及氯含量皆有下降之趨勢，其中PCDD/Fs含量毒性含量從1,100℃時FA之1.20倍下降至1,450℃時之0.540倍，而氯含量從1,100℃時FA之1.20倍下降至1,450℃時之0.464倍。隨著氯含量下降，PCDD/Fs之再生成量亦逐漸下降。然而，結果顯示經1,450℃之熱處理後，其PCDD/Fs含量仍超過台灣環保署之有害事業廢棄物管制值(1.00 ng I-TEQ/g)，表示欲單以高溫來處理醫療廢棄物焚化爐之飛灰，其溫度設定應高於1,450℃，以達成資源化之目的。
水洗後再進行熱處理之結果顯示，WFA中氯含量為191.2 mg/kg，去除率約為98.1%，顯示水洗處理對於去除飛灰中氯含量為一有效之方法。對於PCDD/Fs而言，WFA中含量為42.2 ng I-TEQ/g，與FA中相近。於50~ 850℃熱處理過程後，其飛灰中PCDD/Fs特徵剖面與原灰中相似，以1,2,3,4,6,7,8- HpCDF為主；於900~1,450℃，以OCDD為主。
於實驗溫度50~ 300℃下，飛灰中PCDD/Fs含量及氯含量皆與WFA中含量相近。當溫度提升至300℃~ 600℃，顯示PCDD/Fs含量有急遽下降之趨勢，其中PCDD/Fs毒性含量從300℃時WFA之0.863倍下降至600℃時之0.016倍，其原因推測為由於低氯含量及PCDD/Fs於此溫度(> 400℃)下生成率低，而使得PCDD/Fs之破壞速率高於形成速率。當溫度高於600℃，其飛灰中毒性含量介於0.00041~ 1.03 ng I-TEQ/g，低於台灣環保署之有害事業廢棄物管制值。
實驗結果顯示，於300~ 500℃，其削減率約為84.5~ 97.3%，而當溫度高於600℃，其削減率可高達99.9%。顯示去除飛灰中氯含量為一有效抑制PCDD/Fs再生成反應之方法。若單以高溫來處理醫療廢棄物焚化飛灰其不只成本相當高，亦需要花費大量能源；若先以水洗前處理去除飛灰中氯含量，再進行熱處理不僅可提高飛灰之資源化之可行性，亦可明顯地降低熱處理之溫度。

The objectives of this research are: (1) to investigate the effect of temperature gradient on PCDD/F formation in the original fly ash (FA) and washed fly ash (WFA), (2) to know about the effect of chlorine content on the reformation of PCDD/Fs and (3) to provide useful information for dealing with PCDD/F reduction in fly ash treatment. In order to achieve above objectives, experiments in this research include two parts. For the first part, MWI fly ash is directly to do the thermal treatment from 50℃ to 1,450℃. For the second part, MWI fly ash is to do the washing pretreatment with liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 20, and then take the sediment after washed three times to do the thermal treatment.
The mean chlorine content is 10,258 mg/kg and the mean total PCDD/F I-TEQ is 42.2 ng I-TEQ/g in the MWI fly ash. After the thermal treatment of different temperatures, the PCDD/F congener profiles of fly ash are still close to that of FA. The most predominant congeners in the FA is 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- HpCDF. At 50~ 250℃, the PCDD/Fs content and chlorine content are closed to the FA. At 250~ 500℃, both the PCDD/Fs content and chlorine content are obviously increasing. The total I-TEQ content increases from 1.37 times to 10.1 times of FA, and the chlorine contents increase from 0.878 times to 1.38 times of FA.
At 500~ 1,100℃, the PCDD/Fs content is decreasing with the temperature increasing, but the trend of chlorine content is slightly increasing first and then decreasing. The total I-TEQ content is decreasing from 10.1 times to 1.20 times of FA, and the chlorine contents are increasing from 1.38 times to 1.46 times of FA and then decreasing to 1.20 times of FA. It is probable that because of the organic compound decomposed, the chlorine content is slightly increasing. However, for PCDD/Fs, due to the high chlorine content, the thermally treated fly ash passes the de novo synthesis window during the natural cooling process in the furnace, and a lot of PCDD/F forms again. Therefore, the PCDD/Fs content are decreasing but still higher than that of FA.
At 1,100~ 1,450℃, both the PCDD/Fs content and chlorine content are decreasing. The total I-TEQ content decreases from 1.20 times to 0.540 times of FA and the chlorine contents decreases from 1.20 times to 0.464 times of FA. With the decreasing of chlorine content, the PCDD/Fs content is obviously decreasing. However, the contents in the fly ash still exceed the regulatory standard of the Taiwan EPA. From the result, it indicates that if it only uses the thermal treatment to deal with the MWI fly ash, the temperature setting should be over 1450℃ to comply with the regulatory standard of the Taiwan EPA.
For the WFA, it removes about 98.1% of the chlorine content in FA, and the chlorine content of the WFA is 191.2 mg/kg. It indicates that the washing process is really an effective way to remove the chlorine content of fly ash. However, PCDD/Fs content of the WFA (42.2 ng I-TEQ/g) is similar with the FA. At 50~ 850℃, the PCDD/F congener profiles of fly ash are closed to those in WFA, which the most predominant congeners are 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- HpCDF. When the temperatures are at 900~1,450℃, the most predominant congeners is OCDD.
At 50~ 300℃, the total PCDD/Fs I-TEQ content are similar with the WFA. When the temperature goes up to 300~ 600℃, there is a dramatically decreasing in the PCDD/Fs content. The total I-TEQ content decreases from 0.863 times to 0.016 times of WFA. It is probably that because of the low chlorine content and low formation rate of PCDD/Fs, the destruction rate of PCDD/Fs is larger than formation rate. After 600℃, the total I-TEQ contents are lower than the regulatory standard of the Taiwan EPA.
From the results, for 300~ 500℃, the reduction rates of total PCDD/F I-TEQ content are about 84.5~ 97.3%. When the temperature is over 600℃, the reduction rate of total PCDD/F I-TEQ can reach 99.9%. It indicates that removing the chlorine content is an effectively way to inhibit the reformation of PCDD/Fs. If it only uses the thermal treatment to treat the fly ash, it will not only need high cost but also needs to consume lots of energy. If it uses the washing process as a pretreatment to remove the chlorine content in the fly ash, it can reduce the temperature of thermal treatment, and also increase the feasibly of reuse the fly ash.

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