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研究生：	賴忠裕 Lai, Jung-Yu
論文名稱：	行動通訊定位技術的運算改進方法 Algorithm Improvement of Mobile Positioning Technology
指導教授：	林清一 Lin, Chin E.
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 航空太空工程學系 Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年：	2004
畢業學年度：	92
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	71
中文關鍵詞：	定位、行動通訊
外文關鍵詞：	positioning, mobile positioning, timing advance, time of arrival, GSM, TOA, TA
相關次數：	點閱：88 下載：4
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　　目前以行動通訊為基礎的定位技術已經廣泛的被研究，並且主要使用在安全以及緊急救災方面。雖然行動通訊定位技術的研究已經持續了一段時間，不過我們仍然不滿意定位的效果與精確度。本論文提出結合TOA和TA的定位方法來估測行動台的位置，以延續及改進先前的研究，強制換手是實現本定位技術的重要技巧。我們同時將四個不同電信業者的門號燒錄到一張SIM卡內，藉由程式的指令執行切換基地台的動作，並且擷取相對的TA值。此外，基地台的位置是定位方法內重要的參數，所以有必要建製一個資料庫包含所有的基地台資料。
　　本論文的研究經過許多次的實驗，成功地改善了行動通訊定位技術的性能以及效率，並且再次的證明此定位技術是可行的。然而，在定位結果已有相當改進，接近GPS的誤差範圍，因此就不再適合使用GPS做為比較誤差的根據。未來的研究，將使用更精準的差分定位技術，將使得定位技術的結果以及誤差更有意義。

　　Positioning using mobile communication system is investigated vastly for security and emergency purposes. Many methods using wave propagation from mobile station (MS) to base transceiver station (BTS) have been developed. Although the investigation of the positioning method has lasted for a period previously, the positioning performance still does not satisfy us. This thesis presents a new algorithm that combines the time of arrival (TOA) method with the timing advance (TA) method to estimate the MS position. As the same with the previous research, the forced handover is an important skill to realize the proposed positioning method. A special subscriber identity module (SIM) is used to install four different system providers’ subscribers. An algorithm is formulated to carry handover control and obtain their timing advance (TA) value from each BTS. To set up the reference locations for positioning, a BTS database is established from the supports of system providers. From several experiments, the performance and efficiency of the mobile positioning are improved with obviously better results. The results verify the GSM positioning method being feasible again. However, since the GSM positioning accuracy has been improved into GPS error range, it is not suitable to use the GPS as the reference resource for positioning comparison. A Differential GPS (DGPS) is suggested to be used as the reference resource to compare with the GSM positioning result in further researches.

CONTENTS................................................................I
LIST OF TABLES.........................................................IV
LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................V
CHAPTER I  INTRODUCTION.................................................1
1 Introduction....................................................1
2 Applications of the Positioning.................................3
3 Organization of this Thesis.....................................4
CHAPTER II  GSM WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM...........................5
1 History and Introduction........................................5
2 Architecture of the GSM System..................................6
        2.2.1 Mobile Station (MS).......................................7
2.2 Base Station System (BSS).................................8
2.3 Switching System (SS).....................................9
3 Summary of the GSM Communication Theorem.......................11
3.1 Frequency Allocation.....................................11
3.2 Multiple Access..........................................12
4 Handover.......................................................14
CHAPTER III  GSM POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY................................19
1 Signal Attenuations............................................19
1.1 Path Loss................................................20
1.2 Shadowing................................................21
1.3 Multipath Propagation....................................22
1.4 Time Delay...............................................23
2 GSM Positioning Methods........................................24
2.1 Cell Identification (Cell-ID) Method.....................24
2.2 Signal Strength Method...................................25
2.3 Angle of Arrival (AOA) Method............................26
2.4 Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) Method.........27
2.5 Time of Arrival (TOA) Method.............................29
2.6 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) Method.................30
2.7 Timing Advance (TA) Method...............................32
CHAPTER IV  IMPROVEMENT OF GSM POSITIONING ALGORITHM...................36
1 Previous Investigation.........................................36
2 The Improved Algorithm.........................................40
2.1 The First Method.........................................40
2.2 The Second Method........................................43
3 Software and Hardware for Experiment...........................44
CHAPTER V  EXPERIMENTS AND VERIFICATION................................50
1 Procedures of the Proposed Positioning Method..................50
2 Experiments and Verification...................................53
2.1 Outdoor Test.............................................53
2.2 Other Cases..............................................57
3 Experimental Results...........................................63
CHAPTER VI  DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION..................................65
1 Discussion of Positioning Error................................65
1.1 Error Caused by Inaccurate BTS Position..................65
1.2 Error Caused by Comparing with GPS.......................66
2 Conclusion.....................................................68
REFERENCES.............................................................70
                                    

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校內：2006-08-24公開
校外：2014-08-24公開

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