品行疾患（conduct disorder, 簡稱CD）為一兒童青少年嚴重反社會行為疾患，過去研究以指出其為一異質性群體；DSM-IV以反社會行為初發年齡是否在十歲前來區分兒童期初發型與青春期初發型之CD亞型，本研究擬比較DSM-IV二種CD亞型在反社會行為嚴重度、威斯康新卡片分類測驗之持續型錯誤以及性格方面的差異。
本研究以國科會所補助之研究計劃「犯罪行為的類型及其成因探討：遺傳-環境整合型觀點之分析」中所收集之105名男性受刑人，並依據DSM-IV之CD亞型分類診斷區分為兒童期初發型組（簡稱兒童期組）、青春期初發型組（簡稱青春期組）以即未符合CD診斷之非CD組三組，與39名從社區招募收集且不具犯罪行為之男性為研究樣本；其條件限制是年齡為18-55歲漢族、且同意參加研究者。並排除不識字、年齡小於18歲或大於55歲、智能不足、一般內外科重大疾病、明確腦傷以及嚴重精神病。
研究結果如下：
(1)兒童期與青春期組在初次犯罪年齡、初次入獄年齡及此次入獄年齡上均較非CD組低，攻擊性犯罪數與攻擊性CD症狀數則較非CD組高。
(2)兒童期犯罪次數顯著高於非CD組。
(3)兒童期與青春期符合反社會人格診斷顯著高於非CD組。
(4)兒童期與青春期組在強盜搶奪罪的比例上顯著高於非CD組；青春期組在恐嚇罪上顯著高於非CD組。
(5)三組受刑人父或母犯罪或入獄史無顯著差異。
(6)四組的持續型錯誤均未達顯著差異。
(7)三組受刑人的神經質顯著高於控制組；而非CD組的外向性則顯著低於其他三組。
(8)兒童期與青春期組在無法抑制性、新奇尋求及動作衝動顯著高於非CD組與控制組；在冒險刺激尋求尚顯著高於控制組。
(9)兒童期組在不善計劃性上顯著高於非CD組與控制組；青春期組在不善計畫上僅顯著高於非CD組。

本研究結果發現，男性受刑人符合CD診斷與非符合CD診斷，在反社會行為以及性格上有差異，但DSM-IV以症狀初發是否在十歲前來區分兒童期初發型與青春期初發型二種CD亞型，並未能有效區辨其在反社會行為嚴重度、性格與威斯康新卡片分類測驗之持續性錯誤之差異，唯此結論仍須有更多進一步的相關性研究加以探討。

Objectives: This study was designed to examine the differences on personality and behavior between male prisoners with childhood-onset and adolescent-onset conduct disorders (CD).
Method: Data were collected from 105 prisoners from Tainan Prison and 39 normal controls (NCS). According to diagnostic interview based on DSM-IV, prisoners were divided into three groups: childhood-onset (CCD), adolescent-onset (ACD), and the non-CD (NCD). Data were also included questionnaires and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to measure participants’ personality and behavior.
Results: (1) CCD was significantly higher than NCD and NCS in Non-planning and more frequency of commit crime than NCD. (2) ACD was significantly higher than NCD in Non-planning. (3) NCD was significantly lower than other groups in Extroversion. (4) CCD and ACD had more frequency of aggressive CD symptoms, aggressive crimes, antisocial behaviors and younger age of first sentence and first incarceration than NCD. (5) CCD and ACD were significantly higher than NCD and NCS in Disinhibition, Novelty-seeking and Motor-impulsiveness. (6) CCD and ACD were significantly higher than NCS in Thrill-and-Adventure Seeking. (7) CCD, ACD and NCD was significantly higher than NCS in Neuroticism.
Conclusion: There were some differences on antisocial behaviors and personality between male prisoners with CD and those without CD. However, CCD and ACD had not differences on severity of antisocial behaviors, personality and perseverative errors of WCST. The results revealed that the validity of DSM-IV criterion classified CD subgroups based on age-of-onset before 10 requires further study.

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