奈米結構矽(Silicon)基材被認為是下一代儲能設備的關鍵材料，由於矽基材料具備高電容、高電流密度等特性，是用於先進鋰離子電池具發展性的高容量負極材料，但事實上矽負極材料實際應用仍並非完全成功，主要是由於矽材料作為負極的鋰離子電池在鋰化形成Li15Si4合金過程中會有體積膨脹(~400 %)的現象，使其循環壽命短，重複的鋰化反應將會造成嚴重的電容量衰減。為克服此問題，本實驗製備了核/雙殼層奈米結構之矽碳複合物(Si@SiOx/C@C)，具無機氧化層以及最外部一層碳披覆層，在鋰嵌入嵌出的過程中，中間的氧化層及碳層可以緩和矽在進行充放電後產生體積膨脹的壓力，而碳層也可以增加材料的導電度，在此兩層結構共同作用下保證了結構的完整性，進而減緩電容量的衰減，並提升電化學性能。
在材料鑑定方面，由TEM觀察此材料之粒徑大小約為300 nm~500 nm，而由XRD、Raman以及TGA量測得知材料具矽的晶格結構以及二氧化矽非晶結構，經氬氣環境下煅燒後使材料石墨化並含有21 %之碳含量；在電化學性能表現上，與僅僅包覆上一層碳源之矽碳複合材(Si@C)以及包覆上一層碳源和氧化層夾雜之矽碳複合材(Si@SiOx/C)相比，本研究製備出的矽奈米複合材料具備良好的首次庫倫效率為75.2 %以及優異的循環性能:電流密度150 mA/g循環200圈，其初始電容為 1066 mAh/g，電容保持率為72.8 %，即每次循環僅衰減 0.12 %，維持率高於Si@C (平均每次循環衰減 0.37 %)，證明了此研究製備之二次殼核奈米結構的矽複合物作為鋰離子電池負極材料可以有效的減少矽材料電容量衰減的問題。此外，Si@SiOx/C@C負極材料亦可達到較佳的倍率性能，在150 mA/g的低充電速率及4500 mA/g的高充電速率，分別可以表現出1338 mAh/g和1142 mAh/g的電容量。

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) composed of silicon (Si) anodes suffer from severe capacity decay because of dramatic volume change (~400 %) during lithiation/ delithiation processes. To deal with this issue, we synthesis a core–double shell structured silicon/carbon nanocomposite material (Si@SiOx/C@C). During lithiation, the strong buffering effect of the SiOx interlayer and the efficient blocking action of dense outer carbon layer will retain the core-shell structure leading to good cycling stability. In addition, the outer carbon layer also can enhance the conductivity of the material.
The electrochemical performances of Si@SiOx/C@C anode material are investigated and compared with carbon coated silicon (Si@C) and oxide coated (Si@SiOx/C) material. The Si@SiOx/C@C exhibits high Initial Coulombic Efficiency (ICE) of 75.2 % and excellent cycle stability. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1066 mAh/g when the current density is 150 mA/g showing a significant high capacity retention of 72.8 % after 200 cycles, namely, only 0.12% decay per cycle, which is higher than that of the Si@C electrode (0.37 %decay per cycle), indicating the double core-shell silicon/carbon nanocomposite for anode materials can avoid capacity decay upon cycling.

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