有害藻華 (Harmful Algae Blooms, HABs) 已經被認為是一個全球性問題，藻華形成生物的有毒代謝物，與飲用水和娛樂用水安全有關，而氧化是控制湖泊、水庫和水處理廠中藍綠菌和其毒素的常用手法。然而，在HABs事件中可能會出現低劑量氧化劑的情況，因為大量的細胞及其細胞外物質使投入的氧化劑不會迅速破壞細胞，反而導致剩餘藍綠菌的氧化壓力，導致細胞可能增啟動各種因應方式，例如產生活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS)及抗氧化物質等。因此，我們可以通過觀察系統中抗氧化酵素的變化來判斷細胞是否受到威脅。
抗氧化酵素在醫學及動物試驗方面已經趨於成熟，在藻類應用上仍需要更多關注，因此本研究中首先建立並最佳化藍綠菌中抗氧化酵素分析技術，藻類中抗氧化酵素參考血液樣品之處理步驟，探討不同細胞破碎程序對分析結果的影響。最佳化完成後同時觀察樣品之保存溫度及保存時間，在負80度的保存下為最佳，超氧化物岐化酶(Superoxide, SOD)、過氧化氫酶(Catalase, CAT)與穀胱甘肽(Glutathione, GSH)的保存時間分別為1小時、3小時及24小時。
本研究並探討四種水廠常用氧化劑，包括次氯酸鈉、高錳酸鉀、臭氧及一氯胺對銅綠微囊藻和拉氏柱孢藻的影響，進行藻類氧化實驗，並分析藻細胞反應，包括細胞完整性、總毒素分析和活性氧分析和基因表達量。微囊藻對次氯酸鈉、高錳酸鉀與一氯胺的耐受性較柱孢藻佳，且微囊藻在次氯酸鈉不同情況下的作用，會造成胞內毒素的刺激生成或釋出，僅有在臭氧的作用下基因表現量明顯上升。柱孢藻在臭氧作用下損傷比微囊藻低，且其餘氧化劑作用下皆使胞內毒素釋出，而沒有進一步的降解，對於基因表現量大多呈現下降的趨勢。本研究所有氧化實驗中，抗氧化酵素皆呈現不同的變化。研究結果可以提供水廠使用氧化劑處理藻類原水之參考。

Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) have been recognized as a global problem, and the toxic metabolites formed in the blooms are related to drinking and recreational water safety. Oxidation is one of the methods used in the control of cyanobacteria in lakes, reservoirs and water treatment plants. Therefore, the interactions among cells and oxidants are expected and investigated. In this study, cellular responses to oxidative stress are studied by examining toxin production and gene expression in two cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa.
The effects of four commonly used oxidants in water treatment plants, including sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, ozone and monochloramine, on cellular responses of two cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated. Oxidation experiments were conducted and the cell responses were characterized by the analysis of cell integrity, toxin concentrations, reactive oxygen species and gene expression. The tolerance of Microcystis to sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate and monochloramine is better than that of Cylindrospermopsis. Besides, the exposure of Microcystis under to sodium hypochlorite results in the stimulation of toxin formation or release, and however, significant gene expression was only found when exposing to ozone. The damage of Cylindrospermopsis under of ozonation was lower than that of Microcystis, and the rest of the oxidants all led to the release of intracellular toxins without further degradation. In addition, for most oxidants, the gene expression levels of C. raciborskii showed a downward trend. In all oxidation experiments in this study, the antioxidant enzymes for different combinations of oxidant and cyanobacteria showed different changes. The results can provide a reference for water treatment plants when using oxidants to treat cyanobacteria-laden raw water.

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