本研究使用純物質CaO、Al2O3、SiO2以三成分混合物實驗設計法配比進行燒結，燒成物利用XRD分析晶相後，建立基本晶相分布資料，並藉由熟料水化反應分析，探討ZnO進入C-S-A燒結系統中所造成的影響，以釐清干擾物質ZnO在C-S-A燒結系統中所扮演的角色。另外本研究擇定Al(OH)3作為C-S-A系統燒結之鋁系替代物，藉由XRD晶相觀察佐以LiF半定量分析，探討以其他鋁氧化物替代Al2O3在C-S-A系統中燒結之可行性。
實驗結果顯示以添加3%ZnO之C-S-A系統燒製熟料，除了CaO：SiO2莫耳比為2：3之配比晶相發生轉變外，其餘生成主要晶相與單純C-S-A系統晶相相同，是故就XRD相圖觀察，添加3%ZnO於單純C-S-A系統對整體特徵晶相影響性不大。以Al(OH)3取代C-S-A系統Al2O3燒製熟料，就系統晶相生成而言，與單純C-S-A系統所燒製熟料晶相大致相同，顯示經鋁系混凝劑混凝後產生含Al(OH)3污泥具有替代水泥原料礬土的可行性。
熟料ZnO固相殘留分析則顯示生料配比中SiO2：Al2O3莫耳比3：2、CaO：SiO2：Al2O3莫耳比5：12：3以及CaO：SiO2：Al2O3莫耳比2：3：3所燒製材料對於Zn有較佳之固相截留能力。

To investigate the role of ZnO played in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 sintering system, experimental mixture design was applied. Pure CaO, Al2O3, SiO2 were mixed according to three component mixture design and all mixtures were doped with several doses of ZnO. After been sintered at 1450°C for three hours, sintered sample was examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Combined with lithium fluoride (LiF) XRD semi-quantification technique and hydration observation, the effect ZnO on cement manufacture was established. On the other hand, aluminum hydroxide was selected as alternative material to investigate the feasibility of utilizing aluminum replacement in cement production.
The result shows that major crystalline phase of sintered samples doped with 3%(w/w) ZnO experienced no phase transformation except sample batched with molar ratio 2:3 (CaO:SiO2). ZnO seems to have little interference on characteristic phase formation with 3% addition. In the experiments of aluminum hydroxide replacement, the semi-quantification analysis shows that major crystalline phase is mainly the same. Sludge produced from aluminum series coagulant, which contains mostly aluminum hydroxide, might have the potential of being used as cement manufacturing alternative raw material.
With microwave digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, ZnO gas-solid phase distribution was analyzed. The results show that raw materials with molar ratio of 3:2 (SiO2:Al2O3), 5:12:3 (CaO:SiO2:Al2O3) and 2:3:3 (CaO:SiO2:Al2O3) have better ability of constraining ZnO in the solid phase.

參考文獻
王鯤生、林凱隆、黃尊謙、李宗彥，“都市垃圾焚化飛灰熔渣粉體在水泥中之反應性研究”，第十五屆廢棄物處理技術研討會論文集，2000。
張祖恩、林宗曾、許琦、賴進興、柯明賢、施百鴻，“中鋼公司轉爐及熱軋礦泥作為水泥副原料資源化再利用之研究”，中國鋼鐵股份有限公司研究報告，1998。
張祖恩、林宗曾、許琦、賴進興、柯明賢、施百鴻，“中鋼公司高爐礦泥(二)資源化再利用之研究”，中國鋼鐵股份有限公司研究報告，1999。
張祖恩、蔣立中、施百鴻、蘇俊賓，“焚化底渣再利用作為水泥原料之可行性研究”，第十五屆廢棄物處理技術研討會論文集，2000。
郭子豪，「經前處理垃圾焚化底灰作為水泥原料之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學環境工程研究所，台南(2001)
郭淑德，“飛灰與工業廢棄物固化為輕質混凝土之開發研究, 飛灰利用之研究(貳)”，台電公司電力綜合研究所，1987。
郭淑德，“飛灰資源化，礦業技術”，29卷4期，299-315，1991。
郭淑德、許讚全、蔡玲美、謝清白，“煤灰利用或棄置理可能對環境之衝擊調查研究”，台電工程月刊，444期，44-51，1985。
陳永輝，「焚化灰渣與水庫淤泥混合燒製建築用磚之研究」，國立成功大學資源工程研究所碩士論文，(1999)。
黃兆龍，「混凝土性質與行為」，詹氏書局出版，(1999)。
黃榮吾，「土木材料」，三民書局出版，(1995)。
楊萬發，電鍍污泥回收鉻鹽之方法（專利權證書號086998）（1997）
廖錦聰，「從日本的經驗談台灣焚化灰渣資源化之方向」，一般廢棄物焚化灰渣資源化技術研討會專輯， 第13~28頁，(1996)。
廖錦聰，鉻污泥無害化處理（專利權證書號044928）（1991）
潘時正、劉澤融、曾迪華，“工業廢水污泥灰渣再利用於水泥砂漿之研究”，第十五屆廢棄物處理技術研討會論文集，2000。
蘇俊賓，“焚化底灰作為水泥替代原料可行性之研究”，成功大學碩士論文，2000。
龔人俠，「水泥化學概論」，台灣水泥工業同業工會，(1977)。
中國國家標準CNS 1010【水硬性水泥墁料抗壓強度檢驗法】
中國國家標準CNS 1012【流動性台及流動性模】
Ajiwe, V. I. E., Okeke, C. A. and Akigwe, F. C. A preliminary study of manufacture of cement from rice husk ash. Bioresource Technology 73, 37-39, (2000).
Ampadu, K. O., Torii, K. and Kawamura, M. Beneficial effect of fly ash on chloride diffusivity of hardened cement paste. Cement and Concrete Research 29, 585-590, (1999).
Beretka, J., Cioffi, R., Santoro, L. and Valenti, G. Cementitious mixtures containing industrial process wastes suitable for the manufacture of preformed building elements. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 59, 243-247, (1994).
Beretka, J., Vito, B., Santoro, L., Sherman, N. and Valenti, G. L. Utilization of industrial wastes and by-products for the synthesis of special cements. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 9(9), 179-190, (1993).
Bordoloi, D., Baruah, A.C., Barkakati, P. and Borthakur, P. H. Influence of ZnO on clinkerization and properties of vsk cement. Cement and Concrete Research 28(3), 329-333, (1998).
Cheriaf, M., Rocha, J. C. and Péra, J. Pozzolanic properties of pulverized coal combustion bottom ash. Cement and Concrete Research 29, 1387-1391, (1999).
Demirbas, A. and Karslioglu, S. The effect of boric acid sludges containing borogypsum on properties of cement. Cement and Concrete Research, 25 (7), 1381-1384, (1995).
Diouri A., Boukhari A., Aride J., Puertas, F. and Vazquez T. Stable Ca3SiO5 solid solution containing manganese and phosphorus. Cement and Concrete Research 27(8), 1203-1212, (1997).
Fan, Y., Yin, S., Wen, Z. and Zhong, J. Activation of fly ash and its effects on cement properties. Cement and Concrete Research 29, 467-472, (1999).
He, C., Makovicky, E. and Osbæck, B. Thermal stability and pozzolanic activity of raw and calcuned mixed-layer mica / smectite. Applied Clay Science 17, 141-161, (2000).
Kakali, G. and Parissakis, G. Investigation of the effect of Zn Oxide on the formation of Portland cement clinker. Cement and Concrete Research 25(1), 79-85, (1995).
Kakali, G., Parissakis, G. and Bouras, D. A study on the burnability and the phase formation of PC clinker containing Cu oxide. Cement and Concrete Research 26(10), 1473-1478, (1996).
Kakali, G., Tsivilis, S. and Tsialtas A. Hydration of ordinary Portland cements made from raw mix containing transition element oxides. Cement and Concrete Research 28(3), 335-340, (1998).
Katyal N.K., Ahluwalia S.C. and Parkash R. Effect of Cr2O3 on the C3S in 3CaO:1SiO2:χCr2O3 system. Cement and Concrete Research 30, 1361-1365, (2000).
Mangialardi,T., Piga, L., Schena, G. and Sirini, P. Characteristics of msw incinerator ash for use in concrete. Environmental Engineering Science 15(4), (1998).
Miller, F. M. Emerging technologies for utilizing waste in cement production. World Cement 25(1), 49-51, (1994).
Monshi, A. and Asgarani, M. K. Producing portland cement from iron and steel slaga and limestone. Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 1373-1377, (1999).
Mowla, D., Jahanmiri, A. and Fallahi, H. R. Preparation and optimization of alinite cement in various temperatures and CaCl2 content. Chemical Engineering Communications 171, 1-13, (1999).
Muart, M. and Sorrentino, F. Effect of large additions of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, to cement raw meal on the composition and the properties of the clinker and the cement. Cement and Concrete Research 26(3), 377-385, (1996).
Osborn, E. F. and Muan, A. revised and redrawn “Phase Equilibrium Diagrams of Oxide Systems,” Plate 1, published by the American Ceramic Society and the Edward Orton, Jr., Ceramic Foundation, (1960).
Poon, C. S., Lam, L. and Wong, Y. L. A study on high strength concrete prepared with large volumes calcium fly ash. Cement and Concrete Research 30, 447-455, (2000).
Randall, M. German “Sintering Theory and Practice”, New York, Wiley, (1996).
Robert, J., Schreiber, J. and Yonley, C. Use of spent catalyst as a raw material substitute in cement manufacturing. American Chemical Society-Division of Petroleum Chemistry 38(1), 97-99, (1993).
Roy, D. M. Alkali-activated cements opportunities and challenges. Cement and Concrete Research 29, 249-254, (1999).
Shoaib,M. M., Balaha, M. M. and Abdel-Rahman, A. G. Influence of cement kiln dust substitution on the mechanical properties of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 30, 371-377, (2000).
Stephan, D., Maleki, H., Knöfel, D., Eber, B. and Härdtl, R. Influence of Cr, Ni, and Zn on the properties of pure clinker phases Part I. C3S. Cement and Concrete Research 29, 545-552, (1999).
Stephan, D., Maleki, H., Knöfel, D., Eber, B. and Härdtl, R. Influence of Cr, Ni, and Zn on the properties of pure clinker phases Part Π. C3A and C4AF. Cement and Concrete Research 29, 651-657, (1999).
Stephan, D., Mallmann, R., knöfel, D. and Härdtl R. High intakes of Cr, Ni, and Zn in clinker Part I. Influence on burning process and formation of phases. Cement and Concrete Research 29, 1949-1957, (1999).
Stephan, D., Mallmann, R., knöfel, D. and Härdtl R. High intakes of Cr, Ni, and Zn in clinker Part Π. Influence on the hydration properties. Cement and Concrete Research 29, 1959-1967, (1999).
Tay, J. H. and Show, K. Y. Utilization of ashes from oil-palm wastes as a cement replacement material. Wat. Sci. Tech. 34(11), 185-192, (1996).
Uchikawa, H. and Obana, H. Ecocement-frontier of recycling of urban composite wastes. World Cement 26(11), 33-40, (1995).