由獨蒜 (Allium sativum L.)分離得到50個化合物，其中41個化合物經光譜分析，確定其化學結構，分別為trans-sulfuric acid allyl ester-3-allysulfanyl-allyl ester、allicidin-A、allicidin-B、bis-2-propenyl disulfide、bis-2-propenyl trisulfide、bis-2-propenyl tetrasulfide、allicidin-C、allicidin-D、adenosine、2'-deoxy adenosine、thymidine、uridine、thymine、uracil、N-p-coumaroyltyrmine、N-(p-cis-coumaroyl)tyramine、trans- N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) ferulamide、cis-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) ferulamide、N-trans-feruloyl 3'-O-methyldopamine、N-cis-feruloyl 3'-O-methyldopamine、N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine、phenylalanine、tyrosine、S-(2-propenyl)-L-cysteine、γ-L-glutamyl-L-phenylalanine、p-hydroxybenzaldehyde，p-hydroxybenzoic acid、vanillin、methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate、3-(4β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3 -methoxy)-phenyl-2E-propenol、allisatin-B、β-sitosterol，β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-glucopyranoside、n-butyl--D-fructofuranoside、sucrose、allisatin-A、allixin、nicotinamide、β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone、1-acetylguanidine、citraconic acid。

　　其中有7個化合物為天然界首次分離得到，分別為allisatin-A、allisatin-B、allicidin-A、allicidin-B、allicidin-C、allicidin-D、n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside。上述新化合物的結構乃是利用 NMR 與 MS 光譜的分析來加以決定，而已知的化合物則是與文獻所報導的物理與化學光譜數據進行比對得到確定。

　Fourty-one compounds isolated from the Allium sativum L. were identified as trans-sulfuric acid allyl ester-3-allysulfanyl-allyl ester, allicidin-A, allicidin-B, bis-2-propenyl disulfide, bis-2-propenyl trisulfide, bis-2-propenyl tetrasulfide, allicidin-C, allicidin-D, adenosine, 2'-deoxy adenosine, thymidine, uridine, thymine, uracil, N-p-coumaroyltyrmine, N-(p-cis-coumaroyl)tyramine , trans N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) ferulamide, cis- N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) ferulamide, N-trans-feruloyl 3'-O-methyldopamine, N-cis-feruloyl 3'-O-methyldopamine, N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, S-(2-propenyl)-L-cysteine, γ-L-glutamyl-L-phenylalanine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, 3-(4β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3-methoxy) phenyl-2E-propenol, allisatin-B, β-sitosterol, β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside , sucrose, allisatin-A, allixin, nicotinamide, β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone ,1-acetylguanidine and citraconic acid . Among them, seven compounds namely allicidin-A, allicidin-B, allicidin-C, allisatin-A, allisatin-B, allicidin-D and n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside . were separated for the first time from the natural source .

　Their structures were determined by 1H, 13C, 2D NMR and MS spectral analyses. The known compounds were identified by comparison of their physical and spectral data with those reported in the literature.

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122 Ahluwalia P., Mohindroo A.;“ Effect of oral ingestion of different fractions of Allium cepa on the blood and erythrocyte membrane lipids and certain membrane-bound enzymes in rats.”; J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol (Tokyo)., 1989; 35; 155-161.
123 Dorsch W., Scharff J., Bayer T., Wagner H.;“ Antiasthmatic effects of onions. Prevention of platelet-activating factor induced bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine in guinea pigs by diphenylthiosulfinate.”; Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 1989; 88; 228-230.
124 Ali M., Thomson M., Alnaqeeb M. A., al-Hassan J. M., Khater S. H., Gomes S. A.;“ Antithrombotic activity of garlic; its inhibition of the synthesis of thromboxane-B2 during infusion of arachidonic acid and collagen in rabbits.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 1990; 41; 95-99.
125 Kiesewetter H., Jung F., Mrowietz C., Pindur G., Heiden M., Wenzel E., Gu L. D.;“ Effects of garlic on blood fluidity and fibrinolytic activity; a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.”; Br. J. Chin. Pract Suppl., 1990; 69; 24-29.
126 Brosche T., Platt D., Dorner H.;“ The effect of a garlic preparation on the composition of plasma lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes in geriatric subjects.”; Br. J. Chin. Pract. Suppl., 1990; 69; 12-19.
127 Seetharamaiah G. S., Krishnakantha T. P., Chandrasekhara N.;“ Influence of oryzanol on platelet aggregation in rats.”; J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol (Tokyo)., 1990; 36; 291-297.
128 Rose K. D., Croissant P. D., Parliament C. F., Levin M. B.;“ Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with associated platelet dysfunction from excessive garlic ingestion; a case report.”; Neurosurgery., 1990; 26; 880-882.
129 Allen M. L., Mellow M. H., Robinson M. G., Orr W. C.;“ The effect of raw onions on acid reflux and reflux symptoms.”; Am. J. Gastroenterol., 1990; 85; 377-380.
130 Makheja A. N., Bailey J. M.;“ Antiplatelet constituents of garlic and onion.”; Agents Actions. 1990; 29; 360-363.
131 Dorsch W., Schneider E., Bayer T., Breu W., Wagner H.;“ Anti-inflammatory effects of onions; inhibition of chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by thiosulfinates and cepaenes.”; Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 1990; 92; 39-42.
132 Gadkari J. V., Joshi V. D.;“ Effect of ingestion of raw garlic on serum cholesterol level, clotting time and fibrinolytic activity in normal subjects.”; J. Postgrad. Med., 1991; 37; 128-131.
133 Jung E. M., Jung F., Mrowietz C., Kiesewetter H., Pindur G., Wenzel E.;“ Influence of garlic powder on cutaneous microcirculation. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study in apparently healthy subjects.”; Arzneimittelforschung., 1991; 41; 626-630.
134 Aqel M. B., Gharaibah M. N., Salhab A. S.;“ Direct relaxant effects of garlic juice on smooth and cardiac muscles.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 1991; 33; 13-9.
135 Mirhadi S. A., Singh S., Gupta P. P.;“ Effect of garlic supplementation to cholesterol-rich diet on development of atherosclerosis in rabbits.”; Indian J. Exp. Biol., 1991; 29; 162-168.
136 Apitz-Castro R., Badimon J. J., Badimon L.;“ Effect of ajoene, the major antiplatelet compound from garlic, on platelet thrombus formation.”; Thromb. Res., 1992; 15; 68; 145-155.
137 Martin N., Bardisa L., Pantoja C., Roman R., Vargas M.;“ Exp.erimental cardiovascular depressant effects of garlic (Allium sativum) dialysate.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 1992; 37; 145-149.
138 Lawson L. D., Ransom D. K., Hughes B. G.;“ Inhibition of whole blood platelet-aggregation by compounds in garlic clove extracts and commercial garlic products.”; Thromb. Res., 1992; 15; 141-156.
139 Yamoto O., Maede Y.;“ Susceptibility to onion-induced hemolysis in dogs with hereditary high erythrocyte reduced glutathione and potassium concentrations.”; Am. J. Vet. Res., 1992; 53; 134-137.
140 Peng J. P., Wu Y., Yao X. S., Okuyama T., Narui T.;“ Two new steroidal saponins from Allium macrostemon”; Yao Xue Xue Bao., 1992; 27; 918-922.
141 Estrada C. A., Young M. J.;“ Patient preferences for novel therapy; an N-of-1 trial of garlic in the treatment for hypertension.”; J. Gen. Intern. Med., 1993; 8; 619-621.
142 Srivastava K. C., Tyagi O. D.;“ Effects of a garlic-derived principle (ajoene) on aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 1993; 49; 587-595.
143 Mutsch-Eckner M., Erdelmeier C. A., Sticher O., Reuter H. D.;“ A novel amino acid glycoside and three amino acids from Allium sativum.”; J. Nat. Prod., 1993; 56; 864-869.
144 Kiesewetter H., Jung F., Jung E. M., Blume J., Mrowietz C., Birk A., Koscielny J., Wenzel E.;“ Effects of garlic coated tablets in peripheral arterial occlusive disease.”; Chin. Investig., 1993; 71; 383-386.
145 Rietz B., Isensee H., Strobach H., Makdessi S., Jacob R.;“ Cardioprotective actions of wild garlic (Allium ursinum) in ischemia and reperfusion.”; Mol. Cell Biochem., 1993; 17; 143-150.
146 Legnani C., Frascaro M., Guazzaloca G., Ludovici S., Cesarano G., Coccheri S.;“ Effects of a dried garlic preparation on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation in healthy subjects.”; Arzneimittelforschung., 1993; 43; 119-122.
147 Kiesewetter H., Jung F., Jung E. M., Mroweitz C., Koscielny J., Wenzel E.;“ Effect of garlic on platelet aggregation in patients with increased risk of juvenile ischaemic attack.”; Eur. J. Chin. Pharmacol., 1993; 45; 333-336.
148 Peng J. P., Wang X., Yao X. S.;“ Studies on two new furostanol glycosides from Allium macrostemon Bunge”; Yao Xue Xue Bao., 1993; 28; 526-531.
149 Ozturk Y., Aydin S., Kosar M., Baser K. H.;“ Endothelium-dependent and independent effects of garlic on rat aorta.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 1994; 44; 109-116.
150 Apitz-Castro R., Badimon J. J., Badimon L.;“ A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine Exp.erimental model.”; Thromb. Res., 1994; 1; 243-249.
151 Nagae S., Ushijima M., Hatono S., Imai J., Kasuga S., Matsuura H., Itakura Y., Higashi Y.;“ Pharmacokinetics of the garlic compound S-allylcysteine.”; Planta. Med., 1994; 60; 214-217.
152 Lachmann G., Lorenz D., Radeck W., Steiper M.;“ The pharmacokinetics of the S35 labeled labeled garlic constituents alliin, allicin and vinyldithiine”; Arzneimittelforschung., 1994; 44; 734-743.
153 Martin N., Bardisa L., Pantoja C., Vargas M., Quezada P., Valenzuela J.;“ Anti-arrhythmic profile of a garlic dialysate assayed in dogs and isolated atrial preparations.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 1994; 43; 1-8.
154 Heinle H., Betz E.;“ Effects of dietary garlic supplementation in a rat model of atherosclerosis.”; Arzneimittelforschung., 1994; 44; 614-617.
155 Yeh Y. Y., Yeh S. M.;“ Garlic reduces plasma lipids by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol synthesis.”; Lipids., 1994; 29; 189-193.
156 Eilat S., Oestraicher Y., Rabinkov A., Ohad D., Mirelman D., Battler A., Eldar M. Vered Z.;“ Alteration of lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rabbits by allicin, an active constituent of garlic.”; Coron Artery Dis., 1995; 6; 985-990.
157 Ali M., Thomson M.;“ Consumption of a garlic clove a day could be beneficial in preventing thrombosis.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 1995; 53; 211-222.
158 Roman-Ramos R., Flores-Saenz JL., Alarcon-Aguilar F. J.;“ Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 1995; 11; 48; 25-32.
159 Tchernychev B., Rabinkov A., Mirelman D., Wilchek M.;“ Natural antibodies to dietary proteins; the existence of natural antibodies to alliinase (Alliin lyase) and mannose-specific lectin from garlic (Allium sativum) in human serum.”; Immunol. Lett., 1995; 47; 53-57.
160 Morris J., Burke V., Mori T. A., Vandongen R., Beilin L. J.;“ Effects of garlic extract on platelet aggregation; a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study.”; Chin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 1995; 22; 414-417.
161 Harris J. E.;“Interaction of dietary factors with oral anticoahulants: review and
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162 Melzig M. F., Krause E., Franke S.;“ Inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity of aortic endothelial cells by extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.).”; Pharmazie., 1995; 50; 359-561.
163 Orekhov A. N., Tertov V. V., Sobenin I. A., Pivovarova E. M.;“ Direct anti-atherosclerosis-related effects of garlic.”; Ann. Med., 1995; 27; 63-65.
164 Peng J., Yao X., Kobayashi H., Ma C.;“ Novel furostanol glycosides from Allium macrostemon.”; Planta. Med., 1995; 61; 58-61.
165 Rietz B., Belagyi J., Torok B., Jacob R.;“ The radical scavenging ability of garlic examined in various models.”; Boll Chim. Farm., 1995; 134; 69-76.
166 Das I., Khan N. S., Sooranna S. R.;“ Potent activation of nitric oxide synthase by garlic; a basis for its therapeutic applications.”; Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 1995; 13; 257-263.
167 Peng J. P., Chen H., Qiao Y. Q., Ma L. R., Narui T., Suzuki H., Okuyama T., Kobayashi H.;“ Two new steroidal saponins from Allium sativum and their inhibitory effects on blood coagulability”; Yao Xue Xue Bao., 1996; 31; 607-612.
168 Goldman IL., Kopelberg M., Debaene J. E., Schwartz B. S.;“ Antiplatelet activity in onion (Allium cepa) is sulfur dependent.”; Thromb. Haemost., 1996; 76; 450-452.
169 el-Sabban F., Fahim M. A., Radwan G. M., Zaghloul S. S., Singh S.;“ Garlic preserves patency and delays hyperthermia-induced thrombosis in pial microcirculation.”; Int. J. Hyperthermia., 1996; 12; 513-525.
170 Pantoja C. V., Norris B. C., Contreras C. M.;“ Diuretic and natriuretic effects of chromatographically purified fraction of garlic (Allium sativum).”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 1996; 52; 101-105.
171 Bordia T., Mohammed N., Thomson M., Ali M.;“ An evaluation of garlic and onion as antithrombotic agents.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 1996; 54; 183-186.
172 Knekt P., Jarvinen R., Reunanen A., Maatela J.;“ Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland; a cohort study.”; BMJ., 1996; 24; 478-481.
173 Carotenuto A., De Feo V., Fattorusso E., Lanzotti V., Magno S., Cicala C.;“ The flavonoids of Allium ursinum.”; Phytochemistry., 1996; 41; 531-536.
174 Agarwal K. C.;“ Ther.apeutic actions of garlic constituents.”; Med. Res. Rev., 1996; 16; 111-124.
175 Yamasaki T., Lau B. H.;“ Garlic compounds protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidant injury”; Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi., 1997; 110 ; 138P-141P.
176 Ahmed R. S., Sharma S. B.;“ Biochemical studies on combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) in albino rats.”; Indian J. Exp. Biol., 1997; 35; 841-843.
177 Hollman P. C., van Trijp J. M., Buysman M. N., van der Gaag M. S., Mengelers M. J., de Vries J. H., Katan M. B.;“ Relative bioavailability of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various foods in man.”; FEBS Lett., 1997; 24; 152-156.
178 Orekhov A. N., Tertov V. V.;“ In vitro effect of garlic powder extract on lipid content in normal and atherosclerotic human aortic cells.”; Lipids., 1997; 32; 1055-1060.
179 Morcos N. C.;“ Modulation of lipid profile by fish oil and garlic combination.”; J. Natl. Med. Assoc., 1997; 89; 673-678.
180 Ide N., Lau B. H.;“ Garlic compounds protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced injury.”; J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1997; 49; 908-911.
181 Sigounas G., Hooker J. L., Li W., Anagnostou A., Steiner M.;“ S-allylmercaptocysteine, a stable thioallyl compound, induces apoptosis in erythroleukemia cell lines.”; Nutr. Cancer., 1997; 28; 153-159.
182 Efendy J. L., Simmons D. L., Campbell G. R., Campbell J. H.;“ The effect of the aged garlic extract, 'Kyolic', on the development of Exp.erimental atherosclerosis.”; Atherosclerosis., 1997; 11; 37-42.
183 Ide N., Nelson A. B., Lau B. H.;“ Aged garlic extract and its constituents inhibit Cu(2+)-induced oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein.”; Planta. Med., 1997; 63; 263-264.
184 Hollman P. C., van Trijp J. M., Mengelers M. J., de Vries J. H., Katan M. B.;“ Bioavailability of the dietary antioxidant flavonol quercetin in man.”; Cancer Lett., 1997; 19; 139-140.
185 Carotenuto A., Fattorusso E., Lanzotti V., Magno S., De Feo V., Cicala C.;“ The flavonoids of Allium neapolitanum.”; Phytochemistry., 1997; 44; 949-957.
186 Adler A. J., Holub B. J.;“ Effect of garlic and fish-oil supplementation on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in hypercholesterolemic men.”; Am. J. Chin. Nutr., 1997; 65; 445-450.
187 Gupta A., Sandhu R. S.;“ A new high molecular weight agglutinin from garlic (Allium sativum).”; Mol. Cell Biochem., 1997; 166; 1-9.
188 Martin N., Bardisa L., Pantoja C., Barra E., Demetrio C., Valenzuela J., Barrios M., Sepulveda M. J.;“ Involvement of calcium in the cardiac depressant actions of a garlic dialysate.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 1997; 55; 113-118.
189 Jiang Y., Wang N., Yao X., Susumu K.;“ Structural elucidation of the anticoagulation and anticancer constituents from Allium chinense”; Yao Xue Xue Bao., 1998; 33; 355-361.
190 Li Z., Li G., Huang C., Xu J., Jiang H.;“ The effects of allitridum on the proliferation of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro”; Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi., 1998; 23; 109-111.
191 Berthold H. K., Sudhop T.;“ Garlic preparations for prevention of atherosclerosis.”; Curr. Opin Lipidol., 1998; 9; 565-569.
192 McCrindle B. W., Helden E., Conner W. T.;“ Garlic extract therapy in children with hypercholesterolemia.”; Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 1998; 152; 1089-1094.
193 Dirsch V. M., Kiemer A. K., Wagner H., Vollmar A. M.;“ Effect of allicin and ajoene, two compounds of garlic, on inducible nitric oxide synthase.”; Atherosclerosis., 1998; 139; 333-339.
194 Fallon M. B., Abrams G. A., Abdel-Razek T. T., Dai J., Chen S. J., Chen Y. F., Luo B., Oparil S., Ku D. D. ;“Garlic prevents hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats.”; Am. J. Physiol., 1998; 275;L283-287.
195 Bordia A., Verma S. K., Srivastava K. C.;“ Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on blood lipids, blood sugar, fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in patients with coronary artery disease.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 1998; 58; 257-263.
196 Berthold H. K., Sudhop T., von Bergmann K.;“ Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism; a randomized controlled trial.”; JAMA., 1998; 17; 1900-1902.
197 Dwivedi C., John L. M., Schmidt D. S., Engineer F. N.;“ Effects of oil-soluble organosulfur compounds from garlic on doxorubicin-induced lipid peroxidation.”; Anticancer Drugs., 1998; 9; 291-294.
198 Isaacsohn J. L., Moser M., Stein E. A., Dudley K., Davey J. A., Liskov E., Black H. R.;“ Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins; a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.”; Arch. Intern. Med., 1998; 8; 1189-1194.
199 Isaacsohn J. L., Moser M., Stein E. A., Dudley K., Davey J. A., Liskov E., Black H. R.;”Food labeling; health claims; garlic, reduction of serum cholesterol, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults--FDA. Interim final rule.”; Fed. Regist., 1998; 22; 34110-34112.
200 Yamato O., Hayashi M., Yamasaki M., Maede Y.;“ Induction of onion-induced haemolytic anaemia in dogs with sodium n-propylthiosulphate.”; Vet. Rec., 1998; 28; 216-219.
201 Pedraza-Chaverri J., Tapia E., Medina-Campos O. N., de los Angeles Granados M., Franco M.;“ Garlic prevents hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.”; Life Sci., 1998; 62; 71-77.
202 Abramovitz D., Gavri S., Harats D., Levkovitz H., Mirelman D., Miron T., Eilat-Adar S., Rabinkov A., Wilchek M., Eldar M., Vered Z.;“ Allicin-induced decrease in formation of fatty streaks (atherosclerosis) in mice fed a cholesterol-rich diet.”; Coron Artery Dis., 1999; 10; 515-519.
203 De Tullio M. C., Paciolla C., Dalla Vecchia F., Rascio N., D'Emerico S., De Gara L., Liso R., Arrigoni O.;“ Changes in onion root development induced by the inhibition of peptidyl-prolyl hydroxylase and influence of the ascorbate system on cell division and elongation”; Planta., 1999; 209; 424-434.
204 Kumar G. R., Reddy K. P.;“ Reduced nociceptive responses in mice with alloxan induced hyperglycemia after garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) treatment.”; Indian J. Exp. Biol., 1999; 37; 662-666.
205 Siegel G., Walter A., Engel S., Walper A., Michel F.;“ Pleiotropic effects of garlic”; Wien Med. Wochenschr., 1999; 149; 217-224.
206 Koscielny J., Klussendorf D., Latza R., Schmitt R., Radtke H., Siegel G., Kiesewetter H.;“ The antiatherosclerotic effect of Allium sativum.”; Atherosclerosis., 1999; 144; 237-249.
207 Ide N., Lau B. H.;“ Aged garlic extract attenuates intracellular oxidative stress.”; Phytomedicine., 1999; 6; 125-131.
208 Selim H. M., Yamato O., Tajima M., Maede Y.;“ Rumen bacteria are involved in the onset of onion-induced hemolytic anemia in sheep.”; J. Vet. Med. Sci., 1999; 61; 369-374.
209 Ali M., Bordia T., Mustafa T.;“ Effect of raw versus boiled aqueous extract of garlic and onion on platelet aggregation.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 1999; 60; 43-47.
210 Munday J. S., James K. A., Fray L. M., Kirkwood S. W., Thompson K. G.;“ Daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, protects low density lipoprotein against in vitro oxidation.”; Atherosclerosis. 1999; 143; 399-404.
211 Yamato O., Hayashi M., Kasai E., Tajima M., Yamasaki M., Maede Y.;“ Reduced glutathione accelerates the oxidative damage produced by sodium n-propylthiosulfate, one of the causative agents of onion-induced hemolytic anemia in dogs.”; Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1999; 19; 175-182.
212 Fugh-Berman A.;“ Herbs and dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.”; Prev. Cardiol., 2000; Winter; 3; 24-32.
213 Mohamadi A., Jarrell S. T., Shi S. J., Andrawis N. S., Myers A., Clouatre D., Preuss H. G.;“ Effects of wild versus cultivated garlic on blood pressure and other parameters in hypertensive rats.”; Heart Dis., 2000; 2; 3-9.
214 Garcia Gomez L. J., Sanchez-Muniz F. J.;“ cardiovascular effect of garlic (Allium sativum)”; Arch. Latinoam Nutr., 2000; 50; 219-229.
215 Li G., Shi Z., Jia H., Ju J., Wang X., Xia Z., Qin L., Ge C., Xu Y., Cheng L., Chen P., Yuan G.;“ A clinical investigation on garlicin injectio for treatment of unstable angina pectoris and its actions on plasma endothelin and blood sugar levels.”; J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 2000; 20; 243-246.
216 Chen J. H., Chen H. I., Wang J. S., Tsai S. J., Jen C. J.;“ Effects of Welsh onion extracts on human platelet function in vitro.”; Life Sci., 2000; 66; 1571-1579.
217 Nishimura H., Takahashi T., Wijaya C. H., Satoh A., Ariga T.;“ Ther.mochemical transformation of sulfur compounds in Japanese domestic Allium, Allium victorialis L.”; Biofactors., 2000; 13; 257-263.
218 Ariga T., Tsuj K., Seki T., Moritomo T., Yamamoto J. I.;“ Antithrombotic and antineoplastic effects of phyto-organosulfur compounds.”; Biofactors., 2000; 13; 251-255.
219 Hasler C. M., Kundrat S., Wool D.;“ Functional foods and cardiovascular disease.”; Curr. Atheroscler Rep., 2000; 2; 467-475.
220 Briggs W. H., Xiao H., Parkin K. L., Shen C., Goldman I. L.;“ Differential inhibition of human platelet aggregation by selected Allium thiosulfinates.”; J. Agric Food Chem., 2000; 48; 5731-5735.
221 Rahman K., Billington D.;“ Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in humans.”; J. Nutr., 2000; 130; 2662-2665.
222 Kalus U., Pindur G., Jung F., Mayer B., Radtke H., Bachmann K., Mrowietz C., Koscielny J., Kiesewetter H.;“ Influence of the onion as an essential ingredient of the Mediterranean diet on arterial blood pressure and blood fluidity.”; Arzneimittelforschung., 2000; 50; 795-801.
223 Thomson M., Mustafa T., Ali M.;“ Thromboxane-B levels in serum of rabbits receiving a single intravenous dose of aqueous extract of garlic and onion.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 2000; 63; 217-221.
224 Kim-Park S., Ku D. D.;“ Garlic elicits a nitric oxide-dependent relaxation and inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats.”; Chin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2000; 27; 780-786.
225 O'Reilly J. D., Sanders T. A., Wiseman H.;“ Flavonoids protect against oxidative damage to LDL in vitro; use in selection of a flavonoid rich diet and relevance to LDL oxidation resistance ex vivo.”; Free Radic Res., 2000; 33; 419-426.
226 Qi R., Liao F., Inoue K., Yatomi Y., Sato K., Ozaki Y.;“ Inhibition by diallyl trisulfide, a garlic component, of intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization without affecting inositol-1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP ) formation in activated platelets.”; Biochem. Pharmacol., 2000; 15; 1475-1483.
227 Kaye A. D., De Witt B. J., Anwar M., Smith D. E., Feng C. J., Kadowitz P. J., Nossaman B. D.;“ Analysis of responses of garlic derivatives in the pulmonary vascular bed of the rat.”; J. Appl. Physiol., 2000; 89; 353-358.
228 Patumraj S., Tewit S., Amatyakul S., Jariyapongskul A., Maneesri S., Kasantikul V., Shepro D.;“ Comparative effects of garlic and aspirin on diabetic cardiovascular complications.”; Drug Deliv. 2000; 7; 91-96.
229 Moon C. H., Jung Y. S., Kim M. H., Lee S. H., Baik E. J., Park S. W.;“ Mechanism for antiplatelet effect of onion; AA release inhibition, thromboxane A synthase inhibition and TXA /PGH receptor blockade.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 2000; 62; 277-283.
230 Ali M., Al-Qattan K. K., Al-Enezi F., Khanafer R. M., Mustafa T.;“ Effect of allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 2000; 62; 253-259.
231 MacDonald J. A., Langler R. F.;“ Structure-activity relationships for selected sulfur-rich antithrombotic compounds.”; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2000; 5; 421-424.
232 Thabrew M. I., Samarawickrema N. A., Chandrasena L. G., Jayasekera S.;“ Protection by garlic against adriamycin induced alterations in the oxido-reductive status of mouse red blood cells.”; Phytother Res., 2000; 14; 215-217.
233 Shobana S., Naidu K. A.;“ Antioxidant activity of selected Indian spices.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 2000; 62; 107-110.
234 Liu L., Yeh Y. Y.;“ Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by organosulfur compounds derived from garlic.”; Lipids., 2000; 35; 197-203.
235 Noroozi M., Burns J., Crozier A., Kelly I. E., Lean M. E.;“ Prediction of dietary flavonol consumption from fasting plasma concentration or urinary excretion.”; Eur. J. Chin. Nutr., 2000; 54; 143-149.
236 Arivazhagan S., Balasenthil S., Nagini S.;“ Modulatory effects of garlic and neem leaf extracts on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats.”; Cell Biochem. Funct., 2000; 18; 17-21.
237 Chen J. H., Chen H. I., Tsai S. J., Jen C. J.;“ Chronic consumption of raw but not boiled Welsh onion juice inhibits rat platelet function.”; J. Nutr., 2000; 130; 34-37.
238 Hofbauer R., Frass M., Gmeiner B., Kaye A. D., Frost E. A.;“ Effects of garlic extract (Allium sativum) on neutrophil migration at the cellular level.”; Heart Dis., 2001; 3; 14-17.
239 Rendu F., Brohard-Bohn B., Pain S., Bachelot-Loza C., Auger J.;“ Thiosulfinates inhibit platelet aggregation and microparticle shedding at a calpain-dependent step.”; Thromb. Haemost., 2001; 86; 1284-1291.
240 Day A. J., Mellon F., Barron D., Sarrazin G., Morgan M. R., Williamson G.;“ Human metabolism of dietary flavonoids; identification of plasma metabolites of quercetin.”; Free Radic Res., 2001; 35; 941-952.
241 Andrianova I. V., Ionova V. G., Demina E. G., Shabalina A. A., Karabasova Ia A., Liutova L. I., Povorinskaia T. E., Orekhov A. N.;“ Use of allikor for the normalization of fibrinolysis and hemostasis in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases”; Klin. Med. (Mosk)., 2001; 79; 55-58.
242 Ziaei S., Hantoshzadeh S., Rezasoltani P., Lamyian M.;“ The effect of garlic tablet on plasma lipids and platelet aggregation in nulliparous pregnants at high risk of preeclampsia.”; Eur. J. Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol., 2001; 1; 201-206.
243 Zhang W. J., Shi Z. X., Wang B. B., Cui Y. J., Guo J. Z., Li B.;“ Allitridum mimics effect of ischemic preconditioning by activation of protein kinase C.”; Acta. Pharmacol. Sin., 2001; 22; 132-136.
244 Briggs W. H., Folts J. D., Osman H. E., Goldman I. L.;“ Administration of raw onion inhibits platelet-mediated thrombosis in dogs.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 2619-2622.
245 Spigelski D., Jones P. J.;“ Efficacy of garlic supplementation in lowering serum cholesterol levels.”; Nutr. Rev., 2001; 59; 236-241.
246 Kannar D., Wattanapenpaiboon N., Savige G. S., Wahlqvist M. L.;“ Hypocholesterolemic effect of an enteric-coated garlic supplement.”; J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 2001; 20; 225-231.
247 Grudzinski I. P., Frankiewicz-Jozko A., Bany J.;“ Diallyl sulfide--a flavour component from garlic (Allium sativum) attenuates lipid peroxidation in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.”; Phytomedicine., 2001; 8; 174-147.
248 Fattorusso E., Lanzotti V., Taglialatela-Scafati O., Cicala C.;“ The flavonoids of leek, Allium porrum.”; Phytochemistry., 2001; 57; 565-569.
249 Ohnishi S. T., Ohnishi T., Ogunmola G. B.;“ Green tea extract and aged garlic extract inhibit anion transport and sickle cell dehydration in vitro.”; Blood Cells Mol. Dis., 2001; 27; 148-157.
250 Kim K. M., Chun S. B., Koo M. S., Choi W. J., Kim T. W., Kwon Y. G., Chung H. T., Billiar T. R., Kim Y. M.;“ Differential regulation of NO availability from macrophages and endothelial cells by the garlic component S-allyl cysteine.”; Free Radic Biol. Med., 2001; 1; 747-756.
251 Ackermann R. T., Mulrow C. D., Ramirez G., Gardner C. D., Morbidoni L., Lawrence V. A.;“ Garlic shows promise for improving some cardiovascular risk factors.”; Arch. Intern. Med., 2001; 26; 813-824.
252 Mayer B., Kalus U., Grigorov A., Pindur G., Jung F., Radtke H., Bachmann K., Mrowietz C., Koscielny J., Wenzel E., Kiesewetter H.;“ Effects of an onion-olive oil maceration product containing essential ingredients of the Mediterranean diet on blood pressure and blood fluidity.”; Arzneimittelforschung., 2001; 51; 104-111.
253 Ohnishi S. T., Ohnishi T.;“ In vitro effects of aged garlic extract and other nutritional supplements on sickle erythrocytes.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 1085-1092.
254 Ide N., Lau B. H.;“ Garlic compounds minimize intracellular oxidative stress and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa b activation.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 1020-1026.
255 Moriguchi T., Takasugi N., Itakura Y.;“ The effects of aged garlic extract on lipid peroxidation and the deformability of erythrocytes.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 1016-1019.
256 Borek C.;“ Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 1010-1015.
257 Campbell J. H., Efendy JL., Smith N. J., Campbell G. R.;“ Molecular basis by which garlic suppresses atherosclerosis.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 1006-1009.
258 Matsuura H.;“ Saponins in garlic as modifiers of the risk of cardiovascular disease.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 1000-1005.
259 Slowing K., Ganado P., Sanz M., Ruiz E., Tejerina T.;“ Study of garlic extracts and fractions on cholesterol plasma levels and vascular reactivity in cholesterol-fed rats.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 994-999.
260 Lau B. H.;“ Suppression of LDL oxidation by garlic.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 985-988.
261 Steiner M., Li W.;“ Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors; a dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions.”; J. Nutr., 2001; 131; 980-984.
262 Al-Qattan K. K., Khan I., Alnaqeeb M. A., Ali M.;“ Thromboxane-B2, prostaglandin-E2 and hypertension in the rat 2-kidney 1-clip model; a possible mechanism of the garlic induced hypotension.”; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 2001; 64; 5-10.
263 Gardner C. D., Chatterjee L. M., Carlson J. J.;“ The effect of a garlic preparation on plasma lipid levels in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults.”; Atherosclerosis., 2001; 154; 213-220.
264 Zhang JL., Sun R. J., Shi Z. X.;“ Effect of garlicin on adhesion molecules Exp.ression and deformability of peripheral neutrophils in patients with acute cerebral infarction”; Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi., 2002; 22; 423-425.
265 Zhang B., Piao J., Gu L.;“ Effects of selenium-enriched garlic on blood lipids and lipid peroxidation in Exp.erimental hyperlipidemic rats”; Wei Sheng Yan Jiu., 2002; 31; 93-96.
266 Sampson L., Rimm E., Hollman P. C., de Vries J. H., Katan M. B.;“ Flavonol and flavone intakes in US health professionals.”; J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 2002; 102; 1414-1420.
267 Yin M. C., Hwang S. W., Chan K. C.;“ Nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of four organosulfur compounds derived from garlic.”; J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002; 9; 6143-6147.
268 Durak I., Ozturk H. S., Olcay E., Can B., Kavutcu M.;“ Effects of garlic extract on oxidant/antioxidant status and atherosclerotic plaque formation in rabbit aorta.”; Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2002; 12; 141-147.
269 Kerckhoffs D. A., Brouns F., Hornstra G., Mensink R. P.;“ Effects on the human serum lipoprotein profile of beta-glucan, soy protein and isoflavones, plant sterols and stanols, garlic and tocotrienols.”; J. Nutr., 2002; 132; 2494-2505.
270 Banerjee S. K., Dinda A. K., Manchanda S. C., Maulik S. K.;“ Chronic garlic administration protects rat heart against oxidative stress induced by ischemic reperfusion injury.”; BMC Pharmacol., 2002; 16; 16.
271 Martins ML., Moraes F. R., Miyazaki D. M., Brum C. D., Onaka E. M., Fenerick J. Jr, Bozzo F. R.;“ Alternative treatment for Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea; Dactylogyridae) infection in cultivated pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes; Characidae) in Brazil and its haematological effects.”; Parasite., 2002; 9; 175-180.
272 Takasu J., Uykimpang R., Sunga M., Amagase H., Niihara Y.”; Aged garlic extract therapy for sickle cell anemia patients.”; BMC Blood Disord., 2002; 19; 3.
273 Morihara N., Sumioka I., Moriguchi T., Uda N., Kyo E.;“ Aged garlic extract enhances production of nitric oxide.”; Life Sci., 2002; 21; 509-517.
274 Lin M. C., Wang E. J., Lee C., Chin K. T., Liu D., Chiu J. F., Kung H. F.;“ Garlic inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene Exp.ression in human liver and intestinal cell lines and in rat intestine.”; J. Nutr., 2002; 132; 1165-1168.
275 Kim G. N., Lee M. K., Park I.;“ Acid and heat stability of the anticoagulative activity of an onion extract.”; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2002; 66; 859-861.
276 Schwartz I. F., Hershkovitz R., Iaina A., Gnessin E., Wollman Y., Chernichowski T., Blum M., Levo Y., Schwartz D.;“ Garlic attenuates nitric oxide production in rat cardiac myocytes through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the arginine transporter CAT-2 (cationic amino acid transporter-2).”; Chin. Sci. (Lond)., 2002; 102; 487-493.
277 Andrianova I. V., Fomchenkov I. V., Orekhov A. N.;“ Hypotensive effect of long-acting garlic tablets allicor (a double-blind placebo-controlled trial)”; Ter. Arkh., 2002; 74; 76-78.
278 Takahashi H., Schmalfuss J., Ohki A., Hosokawa A., Tanaka A., Sato Y., Matthes B., Boger P., Wakabayashi K.;“ Inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acid formation by indanofan, 2-[2-(3-chlorophenyl)oxiran-2-ylmethyl]-2-ethylindan-1,3-dione, and its relatives.”; Z. Naturforsch [C]., 2002; 57; 72-74.
279 Chagan L., Ioselovich A., Asherova L., Cheng J. W.;“ Use of alternative pharmacotherapy in management of cardiovascular diseases.”; Am. J. Manag. Care., 2002; 8; 270-285.
280 Kodera Y., Ichikawa M., Yoshida J., Kashimoto N., Uda N., Sumioka I., Ide N., Ono K.;“ Pharmacokinetic study of allixin, a phytoalexin produced by garlic.”; Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)., 2002; 50; 354-363.
281 Ku D. D., Abdel-Razek T. T., Dai J., Kim-Park S., Fallon M. B., Abrams G. A.;“ Garlic and its active metabolite allicin produce endothelium- and nitric oxide-dependent relaxation in rat pulmonary arteries.”; Chin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2002; 29; 84-91.
282 Hu Q., Yang Q., Yamato O., Yamasaki M., Maede Y., Yoshihara T.;“ Isolation and identification of organosulfur compounds oxidizing canine erythrocytes from garlic (Allium sativum).”; J. Agric Food Chem., 2002; 27; 1059-1062.
283 Dillon S. A., Lowe G. M., Billington D., Rahman K.;“ Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract reduces plasma and urine concentrations of 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha) in smoking and nonsmoking men and women.”; J. Nutr., 2002; 132; 168-171.
284 Shukla Y., Taneja P.;“ Antimutagenic effects of garlic extract on chromosomal aberrations.”; Cancer Lett., 2002; 8; 31-36.
285 Pathak U. N., Gurubacharya D. L.;“ Non-pharmacological therapy of hyperlipidaemia.”; Nepal Med. Coll. J., 2003; 5; 109-112.
286 Banerjee S. K., Sood S., Dinda A.K., Das T. K., Maulik S. K.;“ Chronic oral administration of raw garlic protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rat.”; Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2003; 136; 377-386.
287 Azuma K., Ippoushi K., Ito H., Horie H., Terao J.;“ Enhancing effect of lipids and emulsifiers on the accumulation of quercetin metabolites in blood plasma after the short-term ingestion of onion by rats.”; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2003; 67; 2548-2555.
288 Mukherjee S., Banerjee S. K., Maulik M., Dinda A. K., Talwar K. K., Maulik S. K.;“ Protection against acute adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity by garlic; role of endogenous antioxidants and inhibition of TNF-alpha Exp.ression.”; BMC Pharmacol., 2003; 20; 16.
289 Baluchnejadmojarad T., Roghani M.;“ Endothelium-dependent and -independent effect of aqueous extract of garlic on vascular reactivity on diabetic rats.”; Fitoterapia., 2003; 74; 630-637.
290 Jos A., Repetto G., Rios J. C., Hazen M. J., Molero M. L., del Peso A., Salguero M., Fernandez-Freire P., Perez-Martin J. M., Camean A.;“ Ecotoxicological evaluation of carbamazepine using six different model systems with eighteen endpoints.”; Toxicol. In. Vitro., 2003; 17; 525-532.
291 He X. J., Wang NL., Qiu F., Yao X. S.;“ Study on the active spirostanol saponins of Gualou xiebai baijiutang”; Yao Xue Xue Bao., 2003; 38; 433-437.
292 Mary N. K., Babu B. H., Padikkala J.;“ Antiatherogenic effect of Caps HT2, a herbal Ayurvedic medicine formulation.”; Phytomedicine., 2003; 10; 474-482.
293 Baluchnejadmojarad T., Roghani M.;“ Garlic extract attenuates time-dependent changes in the reactivity of isolated aorta in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.”; Life Sci., 2003; 19; 2281-2289.
294 Yamato O., Sugiyama Y., Matsuura H., Lee K. W., Goto K., Hossain M. A., Maede Y., Yoshihara T.;“ Isolation and identification of sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate from boiled garlic (Allium sativum) that oxidizes canine erythrocytes.”; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2003; 67; 1594-1596.
295 Chernyad'eva I. F., Shil'nikova S. V., Rogoza A. N., Kukharchuk V. V.;“ Dynamics of interrelationships between the content of lipoprotein particles, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count in the plasma from patients with coronary heart disease treated with Kwai.”; Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 2003; 135; 436-439.
296 Yang Q., Hu Q., Yamato O., Lee K. W., Maede Y., Yoshihara T.;“ Organosulfur compounds from garlic (Allium sativum) oxidizing canine erythrocytes.”; Z. Naturforsch [C]., 2003; 58; 408-412.
297 Sakai Y.;“ Antihypertensive effects of onion on NO synthase inhibitor-induced hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats.”; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2003; 67; 1305-1311.
298 Keiss H. P., Dirsch V. M., Hartung T., Haffner T., Trueman L., Auger J., Kahane R., Vollmar A. M.;“ Garlic (Allium sativum L.) modulates cytokine Exp.ression in lipopolysaccharide-activated human blood thereby inhibiting NF-kappaB activity.”; J. Nutr., 2003; 133; 2171-2175.
299 Teranishi K., Apitz-Castro R., Robson S. C., Romano E., Cooper D. K.;“ Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoene.”; Xenotransplantation., 2003; 10; 374-349.
300 Ou C. C., Tsao S. M., Lin M. C., Yin M. C.;“ Protective action on human LDL against oxidation and glycation by four organosulfur compounds derived from garlic.”; Lipids., 2003; 38; 219-224.
301 Cordoba-Pedregosa Mdel C., Cordoba F., Villalba J. M., Gonzalez-Reyes J. A.;“ Differential distribution of ascorbic acid, peroxidase activity, and hydrogen peroxide along the root axis in Allium cepa L. and its possible relationship with cell growth and differentiation.”; Protoplasma., 2003; 221; 57-65.
302 Sharifi A. M., Darabi R., Akbarloo N.;“ Investigation of antihypertensive mechanism of garlic in 2K1C hypertensive rat.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 2003; 86; 219-224.
303 Munday R., Munday J. S., Munday C. M.;“ Comparative effects of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasulfides derived from plants of the Allium family; redox cycling in vitro and hemolytic activity and Phase 2 enzyme induction in vivo.”; Free Radic Biol. Med., 2003; 1; 1200-1211.
304 Alder R., Lookinland S., Berry J. A., Williams M.;“ A systematic review of the effectiveness of garlic as an anti-hyperlipidemic agent.”; J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract. ., 2003; 15; 120-129.
305 Tahiliani P., Kar A.;“ Mitigation of thyroxine-induced hyperglycaemia by two plant extracts.”; Phytother. Res., 2003; 17; 294-296.
306 Ferri N., Yokoyama K., Sadilek M., Paoletti R., Apitz-Castro R., Gelb M. H., Corsini A.;“ Ajoene, a garlic compound, inhibits protein prenylation and arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation.”; Br. J. Pharmacol., 2003; 138; 811-818.
307 Brace L. D.;“ Cardiovascular benefits of garlic (Allium sativum L).”; J. Cardiovasc. Nurs., 2002; 16; 33-49.
308 Yanagita T., Han S. Y., Wang Y. M., Tsuruta Y., Anno T.;“ Cycloalliin, a cyclic sulfur imino acid, reduces serum triacylglycerol in rats.”; Nutrition., 2003; 19; 140-143.
309 Del Carmen Cordoba-Pedregosa M., Cordoba F., Villalba J. M., Gonzalez-Reyes J. A.;“ Zonal changes in ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide contents, peroxidase, and ascorbate-related enzyme activities in onion roots.”; Plant Physiol., 2003; 131; 697-706.
310 Baluchnejadmojarad T., Roghani M., Homayounfar H., Hosseini M.;“ Beneficial effect of aqueous garlic extract on the vascular reactivity of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 2003; 85; 139-144.
311 Dillon S. A., Burmi R. S., Lowe G. M., Billington D., Rahman K.;“ Antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract; an in vitro study incorporating human low density lipoprotein.”; Life Sci., 2003; 21; 1583-1594.
312 Turner B., Molgaard C., Marckmann P.;“ Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers; a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.”; Br J. Nutr., 2004; 92; 701-706.
313 Yang J., Meyers K. J., van der Heide J., Liu R. H.;“ Varietal differences in phenolic content and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of onions.”; J. Agric Food Chem., 2004; 3; 6787-6793.
314 Yamada K., Naemura A., Sawashita N., Noguchi Y., Yamamoto J.;“ An onion variety has natural antithrombotic effect as assessed by thrombosis/thrombolysis models in rodents.”; Thromb. Res., 2004; 114; 213-220.
315 MacDonald J. A., Marchand M. E., Langler R. F.;“ Improving upon the in vitro biological activity of antithrombotic disulfides.”; Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis., 2004; 15; 447-450.
316 Durak I., Aytac B., Atmaca Y., Devrim E., Avci A., Erol C., Oral D.;“ Effects of garlic extract consumption on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in atherosclerotic patients.”; Life Sci., 2004; 3; 1959-1966.
317 Movahedian A., Ghannadi A., Sadeghi H., Gharavi M., Azarpajhoh S.;“ Study of leek (Allium porrum L.) extract on cholesterol plasma levels in hyperlipidemic animals.”; Asia Pac. J. Chin. Nutr., 2004; 13; 103.
318 Saravanan G., Prakash J.;“ Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on lipid peroxidation in Exp.erimental myocardial infarction in rats.”; J. Ethnopharmacol., 2004; 94; 155-158.
319 Yadav R. K., Verma N. S.;“ Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on the heart rate, rhythm and force of contraction in frog; a dose-dependent study.”; Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2004; 42; 628-631.
320 Sovova M., Sova P.;“ Pharmaceutical importance of Allium sativum L. 5. Hypolipemic effects in vitro and in vivo”; Ceska Slov. Farm., 2004; 53; 117-123.
321 Suboh S. M., Bilto Y. Y., Aburjai T. A.;“ Protective effects of selected medicinal plants against protein degradation, lipid peroxidation and deformability loss of oxidatively stressed human erythrocytes.”; Phytother. Res., 2004; 18; 280-284.
322 Owoyele B. V., Alabi O. T., Adebayo J. O., Soladoye A. O., Abioye A. I., Jimoh S. A.;“ Haematological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Allium ascalonicum in male albino rats.”; Fitoterapia., 2004; 75; 322-326.
323 Wilburn A. J., King D. S., Glisson J., Rockhold R. W., Wofford M. R.;“ The natural treatment of hypertension.”; J. Chin. Hypertens (Greenwich)., 2004; 6; 242-248.
324 Ganado P., Sanz M., Padilla E., Tejerina T.;“ An in vitro study of different extracts and fractions of Allium sativum (garlic); vascular reactivity.”; J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2004; 94; 434-442.
325 Mennen L. I., Sapinho D., de Bree A., Arnault N., Bertrais S., Galan P., Hercberg S.;“ Consumption of foods rich in flavonoids is related to a decreased cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy French women.”; J. Nutr., 2004; 134; 923-926.
326 Siegel G., Malmsten M., Pietzsch J., Schmidt A., Buddecke E., Michel F., Ploch M., Schneider W.;“ The effect of garlic on arteriosclerotic nanoplaque formation and size.”; Phytomedicine., 2004; 11; 24-35.
327 Anim-Nyame N., Sooranna S. R., Johnson M. R., Gamble J., Steer P. J.;“ Garlic supplementation increases peripheral blood flow; a role for interleukin-6?”; J. Nutr. Biochem., 2004; 15; 30-36.
328 Hsu C. C., Huang C. N., Hung Y. C., Yin M. C.;“ Five cysteine-containing compounds have antioxidative activity in Balb/cA mice.”; J. Nutr., 2004; 134; 149-152.
329 Ashraf M. Z., Hussain M. E., Fahim M.;“ Endothelium mediated vasorelaxant response of garlic in isolated rat aorta; role of nitric oxide.”; J. Ethnopharmaco