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研究生: 游帝凱
Yu, Ti-kai
論文名稱: 三聚磷酸鹽交聯chitosan顆粒之製備與改質及其在蛋白質藥物釋放之測定
Preparation and modification of chitosan beads crosslinked by tripolyphosphate for controlled release of protein drugs.
指導教授: 林睿哲
Lin, Jui-Che
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 93
中文關鍵詞: 幾丁聚醣褐藻酸藥物控制釋放
外文關鍵詞: alginate, chitosan, drug controlled release
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  •  當幾丁聚醣水溶液以液滴的形式,滴入三聚磷酸鹽水溶液中後,會由於物理性的離子交聯作用,而形成型態圓潤的顆粒。在實驗中亦可將褐藻酸加入三聚磷酸鹽水溶液,透過聚電解質複合層的形式,達到顆粒表面改質之目的。

     本實驗將以牛體血清白蛋白作為標準藥物,結合上述之造粒系統,進行蛋白質藥物控制釋放實驗之探討。

     實驗結果發現,當幾丁聚醣、三聚磷酸鹽、與褐藻酸之濃度組成不同時,會因造粒時的擴散差異,使顆粒的結構各有不同。顆粒結構主要由密實的外殼層與多孔的核心所組成,不同的顆粒結構將影響到該顆粒之膨潤性質、藥物包埋率、以及釋放曲線之表現。

     在添加褐藻酸之顆粒表面改質中,會發現藥物包埋率有相當顯著的提升,在藥物釋放時則會有較強烈的釋放傾向。但未改質的顆粒卻僅有約50%的包埋率,與較弱的釋放趨勢。

    As chitosan solution was dropped into tripolyphosphate solution, round beads were formed immediately with the formation of ionic-crosslink between these two components. Alginate may also be added into tripolyphophate solution in order to form polyelectrolyte layer for bead surface modification. In this study, a protein drug controlled release system was investigated by using bovine serum albumin as a model drug and beads aforementioned as the carrier matrix.

    After a series of experiments, it was noticed that using different concentration ratios of chtosan, tripolyphosphate, and alginate solution would lead to the diffusion differences during the bead formation, and, henceforth, make the bead structures very different from each other. The bead structure is generally consisted of a dense cortex and a porous core. The variation of the bead structure would affect the swelling properties, drug loading efficiencies, and release profiles of these beads.

    In the alginate-modified beads, the drug loading efficiency was dramatically increased, and the drug release tendency was also amplified. In contrast, the unmodified beads had only about 50% loading efficiency and a very limited release tendency instead.

    目錄 中文摘要......................................................................I ABSTRACT.....................................................................II 誌謝........................................................................III 目錄.........................................................................IV 圖目錄......................................................................VII 表目錄. ....................................................................XI 第一章前言....................................................................1 第二章文獻回顧................................................................3 2-1 蛋白質藥物...............................................................3 2-2 藥物控制釋放.............................................................4  2-2-1 藥物載體材料.........................................................6  2-2-2 藥物包埋策略.........................................................7  2-2-3 藥物釋放機制.........................................................8 2-3 幾丁聚醣(CHITOSAN) ....................................................12  2-3-1 幾丁質..............................................................12  2-3-2 幾丁聚醣............................................................13  2-3-3 幾丁聚醣在藥物包埋之運用............................................14  2-3-4 褐藻酸鈉............................................................15 第三章實驗內容...............................................................24 3-1 實驗藥品與儀器..........................................................24  3-1-1 藥品................................................................24  3-1-2 儀器................................................................26 3-2 包埋造粒流程............................................................27  3-2-1 配製溶液............................................................27  3-2-2 造粒方法............................................................28 3-3 分析鑑定................................................................29  3-3-1 蛋白質定量方法......................................................29  3-3-2 包埋率之測定........................................................31  3-3-3 膨潤率之測定........................................................31  3-3-4 釋放曲線............................................................32  3-3-5 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡影像................................................33  3-3-6 FITC-BSA之螢光顯微鏡影像............................................34 第四章結果與討論.............................................................41 4-1 顆粒結構................................................................41  4-1-1 不同Chitosan濃度下,造粒後顆粒結構之差異............................42  4-1-2 不同TPP濃度下,造粒後顆粒結構之差異.................................43  4-1-3 不同Alginate濃度下,造粒後顆粒結構之差異............................45  4-1-4 真空乾燥之產品顆粒在釋放前後之結構差異..............................46 4-2 膨潤率(SWELLING RATIO).................................................47  4-2-1 不同Chitosan濃度下膨潤率之差異......................................47  4-2-2 不同TPP濃度下膨潤率之差異...........................................48  4-2-3 不同Alginate濃度下膨潤率之差異......................................49  4-2-4 膨潤率總結..........................................................49 4-3 包埋率(LOADING EFFICIENCY) ...........................................51  4-3-1 不同Chitosan濃度下包埋率之差異......................................51  4-3-2 不同TPP濃度下包埋率之差異...........................................52  4-3-3 不同Alginate濃度下包埋率之差異......................................52  4-3-4 包埋率總結..........................................................53 4-4 釋放曲線(RELEASE PROFILE) ............................................55  4-4-1 不同Chitosan濃度下釋放曲線之差異....................................55  4-4-2 不同TPP濃度下釋放曲線之差異.........................................56  4-4-3 不同Alginate濃度下釋放曲線之差異....................................57  4-4-4 表面再改質..........................................................58  4-4-5 釋放曲線總結........................................................60 第五章結論與未來展望.........................................................85 參考文獻.....................................................................87 自述.........................................................................93 圖目錄 圖2-1 (A)傳統藥物血中藥物濃度隨時間之變化...................................17 圖2-1 (B)理想型血中藥物濃度隨時間之變化.....................................17 圖2-2 藥物包埋策略..........................................................17 圖2-3 藥物釋放機制為擴散....................................................18 圖2-4 藥物釋放機制為擴散,增加外質傳阻力....................................18 圖2-5 藥物釋放機制為先膨潤再擴散............................................19 圖2-6 藥物釋放機制為先膨潤再擴散時,載體孔洞之變化..........................19 圖2-7 藥物擴散機制為載體降解................................................19 圖2-8 幾丁質(Chitin)之化學結構..............................................20 圖2-9 幾丁聚醣(Chitosan)之化學結構..........................................20 圖2-10 NOCC (N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan)之化學結構........................20 圖2-11 以三聚磷酸鹽交聯chitosan之機制.......................................21 圖2-12 褐藻酸(Alginate)之化學結.............................................21 圖3-1 造粒流程示意圖........................................................39 圖3-2 Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250之分子構造............................39 圖3-3 蛋白質濃度定量檢量線..................................................40 圖3-4 蛋白質與FITC結合之反應示意圖..........................................40 圖4-1 造粒過程中各反應物擴散趨勢示意圖......................................61 圖4-2 編號R210之顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之SEM影像...........................62 圖4-3 編號R310之顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之SEM影像...........................63 圖4-4 編號R410之顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之SEM影像...........................64 圖4-5 編號R300之顆粒,表面(左上)與剖面(左下、右)之SEM影像...................65 圖4-6 編號R320之顆粒,表面(左上)與剖面(左下、右)之SEM影像...................66 圖4-7 編號R312之顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之SEM影像...........................67 圖4-8 編號R314之顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之SEM影像...........................68 圖4-9(A) 編號R210之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥後,未進行釋放實驗前,表面之SEM影像 .............................................................................69 圖4-9(B) 編號R210之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥並進行釋放實驗後,再以冷凍乾燥處理, 表面之SEM影像................................................................69 圖4-10(A) 編號R310之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥後,未進行釋放實驗前,表面(左)與剖 面(右)之SEM影像..............................................................70 圖4-10(B) 編號R310之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥並進行釋放實驗後,再以冷凍乾燥處理 ,表面(左)與剖面(右)之SEM影像................................................70 圖4-11(A) 編號R410之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥後,未進行釋放實驗前,表面之SEM影像 .............................................................................71 圖4-11(B) 編號R410之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥並進行釋放實驗後,再以冷凍乾燥處理 ,表面(左)及剖面(右)之SEM影像................................................71 圖4-12(A) 編號R300之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥後,未進行釋放實驗前,剖面之SEM影像 .............................................................................72 圖4-12(B) 編號R300之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥並進行釋放實驗後,再以冷凍乾燥處理 ,剖面之SEM影像..............................................................72 圖4-13(A) 編號R320之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥後,未進行釋放實驗前,剖面之SEM影像 .............................................................................73 圖4-13(B) 編號R320之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥並進行釋放實驗後,再以冷凍乾燥處理 ,剖面之SEM影像..............................................................73 圖4-14(A) 編號R312之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥後,未進行釋放實驗前,表面之SEM影像 .............................................................................74 圖4-14(B) 編號R312之chitosan顆粒在真空乾燥並進行釋放實驗後,再以冷凍乾燥處理 ,表面SEM影像................................................................74 圖4-15 不同Chitosan濃度下膨潤率之差異.......................................75 圖4-16 不同TPP濃度下膨潤率之差異............................................75 圖4-17 不同TPP濃度下膨潤率之差異(R200, R210)...............................76 圖4-18 不同Alginate濃度下膨潤率之差異.......................................76 圖4-19 不同Chitosan濃度下包埋率之差異.......................................77 圖4-20 不同TPP濃度下包埋率之差異............................................77 圖4-21 不同Alginate濃度下包埋率之差異.......................................78 圖4-22 編號R210之FITC-BSA顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之螢光顯微鏡影像...........79 圖4-23 編號R310之FITC-BSA顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之螢光顯微鏡影像...........79 圖4-24 編號R410之FITC-BSA顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之螢光顯微鏡影像...........79 圖4-25 編號R300之FITC-BSA顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之螢光顯微鏡影像...........80 圖4-26 編號R320之FITC-BSA顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之螢光顯微鏡影像...........80 圖4-27 編號R312之FITC-BSA顆粒,表面(左)與剖面(右)之螢光顯微鏡影像...........80 圖4-28 不同Chitosan濃度下釋放曲線之差異.....................................81 圖4-29 不同TPP濃度下釋放曲線之差異..........................................81 圖4-30 不同TPP濃度下釋放曲線之差異(R300, R310, R320, R330, 340).........82 圖4-31 不同TPP濃度下釋放曲線之差異(R410, R420, R430)......................82 圖4-32 不同Alginate濃度下釋放曲線之差異.....................................83 圖4-33 Alginate改質顆粒之表面再改質釋放曲線.................................84 圖4-34 Alginate改質顆粒之表面再改質釋放曲線.................................84 表目錄 表2-1 對環境變化敏感之高分子藥物載體材料....................................22 表2-2 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之應用................................................23 表3-1 不同實驗編號與其濃度配方之組成........................................38 表4-1 各組成之膨潤率平均值與其誤差範圍......................................61

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