長鏈非編碼核醣核酸 (long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)發現 lncRNA 在生物體調控基因表現的過程中扮演了極重要的角色。而在近年的研究中，除了對於lncRNA在一般生理功能上的探討之外，許多文獻也指出，lncRNA 會影響調控腫瘤形成的過程。其中一個例子就是 UCA1這段 lncRNA的異常表現，在許多常見的癌症如膀胱癌、大腸癌、胃癌、肺癌及乳癌等等的癌症細胞的發展過程中，都能發現 UCA1 這段基因異常的表現。而先前的實驗已經發現，在下咽癌中的 UCA1 表現量較正常組織來得高。不僅如此，高表現的 UCA1 也與下咽癌的進程與生存率的降低有著顯著性的正相關。然而，UCA1 在下咽癌中所調控的分子機制目前仍是不清楚的。下咽是指介於會厭軟骨上緣至環狀軟骨下緣的這一段咽部區域。 上與口咽相接，下與食道相連，下咽的前方是喉部。在下咽部所誘發的癌變則稱為下咽癌。由於下咽癌的早期症狀並不明顯，所以大多患者就醫的時候已經是癌症的晚期了。雖然有些病患在治療後可以存活，但這些病患還是有很大的機率會復發，或是有頸部淋巴結及遠端的轉移。因此下咽癌在頭頸部癌中有最差的預後。藉由我們的研究結果發現，當 UCA1 在下咽癌細胞株中被過度表達時會促進細胞爬行及侵襲的能力，卻同時降低了細胞增生的能力。藉由蛋白質電泳分析，我們發現當細胞增加爬行與侵襲能力的同時也伴隨著部分上皮細胞間質轉化的活化。另外，異種移植的腫瘤生成實驗也證實了 UCA1抑制腫瘤細胞增生的能力。不僅如此，除了發現存在於細胞培養液中的 UCA1 在細胞的爬行上扮演了相同的促進角色外，我們也得知在下咽癌的細胞中，UCA1 主要表現於核內。而如今我們正利用 RNA pull down assay 與質譜儀分析來尋找 UCA1 在下咽癌中的作用蛋白，好使我們更進一步了解 UCA1 在下咽癌中的作用機制。透過我們的研究，我們希望可以真實 UCA1 可以成為下咽癌中的治療標的。

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a multifunctional regulator of gene expression and plays a vital role in various biological processes. Several of them were shown to mediate tumorigenesis. Urothelial cancer-associated 1 (UCA1) is one of the lncRNAs found to be deregulated in the development of several cancer types, including those in bladder, colon, stomach, lung and breast. One previous study showed an upregulation of UCA1 expression profile in hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) tissues relative to their adjacent normal counterparts and its association with disease progression and reduced survival among these cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism whereby UCA1 functions in HPC, a subtype of head and neck cancer, remains unclear. HPC is a disease in which malignant cells developed from hypopharynx locating at the bottom part of the pharynx. Although some of the patients survive under curative treatment, they are still prone to have the disease relapse or metastatic spread. Through the in vitro and in vivo studies, we found that ectopic UCA1 expression increased cell migration and invasion while decreasing cell proliferation. The increase of migration and invasion was also accompanied with partial epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). By contrast, UCA1 depletion had the opposite effect. Xenograft tumorigenesis also supported an inhibitory role of UCA1 in primary tumor growth. Despite the presence of UCA1 in the CM and a stimulatory effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from UCA1-OE cells on cell migration and invasion, we found a predominant nuclear localization of UCA1 in HPC cells. We are in the process of performing RNA pull down assay and mass spectrometry for analyzing nuclear UCA1 interactome. Through this study, we would like to validate if UCA1 can be used as a novel therapeutic target against HPC.

Barak, V., Goike, H., Panaretakis, K.W., and Einarsson, R. (2004). Clinical utility of cytokeratins as tumor markers. Clinical biochemistry 37, 529-540.
Bian, Z., Jin, L., Zhang, J., Yin, Y., Quan, C., Hu, Y., Feng, Y., Liu, H., Fei, B., and Mao, Y. (2016). LncRNA—UCA1 enhances cell proliferation and 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer by inhibiting miR-204-5p. Scientific reports 6, 1-12.
Bo, H., Fan, L., Li, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Shi, L., Guo, C., Li, X., Liao, Q., and Zhang, W. (2018). High expression of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 promotes the progression of colon cancer and predicts poor prognosis. Journal of Cancer 9, 4677.
Bo, H., Gong, Z., Zhang, W., Li, X., Zeng, Y., Liao, Q., Chen, P., Shi, L., Lian, Y., and Jing, Y. (2015). Upregulated long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 expression is associated with progression and poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 6, 20404.
Bradley, P.J. (2019). Symptoms and signs, staging and co-morbidity of hypopharyngeal cancer. Hypopharyngeal Cancer 83, 15-26.
Chakravarty, D., Sboner, A., Nair, S.S., Giannopoulou, E., Li, R., Hennig, S., Mosquera, J.M., Pauwels, J., Park, K., and Kossai, M. (2014). The oestrogen receptor alpha-regulated lncRNA NEAT1 is a critical modulator of prostate cancer. Nature communications 5, 1-16.
Chen, S., and Shen, X. (2020). Long noncoding RNAs: functions and mechanisms in colon cancer. Molecular cancer 19, 1-13.
Cheng, J., Wang, L., Wang, H., Tang, F., Cai, W., Sethi, G., Xin, H., and Ma, Z. (2019). Insights into biological role of LncRNAs in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cells 8, 1178.
Chu, P.Y., Chang, S.Y., Huang, J.L., and Tai, S.K. (2010). Different patterns of second primary malignancy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx. American journal of otolaryngology 31, 168-174.
Cossu, A.M., Mosca, L., Zappavigna, S., Misso, G., Bocchetti, M., De Micco, F., Quagliuolo, L., Porcelli, M., Caraglia, M., and Boccellino, M. (2019). Long non-coding RNAs as important biomarkers in laryngeal cancer and other head and neck tumours. International journal of molecular sciences 20, 3444.
De Craene, B., and Berx, G. (2013). Regulatory networks defining EMT during cancer initiation and progression. Nature Reviews Cancer 13, 97-110.
Derrien, T., Johnson, R., Bussotti, G., Tanzer, A., Djebali, S., Tilgner, H., Guernec, G., Martin, D., Merkel, A., and Knowles, D.G. (2012). The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression. Genome research 22, 1775-1789.
Dhamija, S., and Diederichs, S. (2016). From junk to master regulators of invasion: lncRNA functions in migration, EMT and metastasis. International journal of cancer 139, 269-280.
Dongre, A., and Weinberg, R.A. (2019). New insights into the mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and implications for cancer. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology 20, 69-84.
Dragomir, M., Chen, B., and Calin, G.A. (2018). Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication. Translational cancer research 7, S243.
Evdokimova, V., Tognon, C., Ng, T., and Sorensen, P.H. (2009). Reduced proliferation and enhanced migration: two sides of the same coin? Molecular mechanisms of metastatic progression by YB-1. Cell cycle 8, 2901-2906.
Fang, Z., Zhao, J., Xie, W., Sun, Q., Wang, H., and Qiao, B. (2017). LncRNA UCA1 promotes proliferation and cisplatin resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma by sunppressing miR‐184 expression. Cancer medicine 6, 2897-2908.
Fu, W.M., Lu, Y., Hu, B., Liang, W., Zhu, X., Yang, H., Li, G., and Zhang, J. (2016). Long noncoding RNA Hotair mediated angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by direct and indirect signaling pathways. Oncotarget 7, 4712.
Garay, T., Juhász, É., Molnár, E., Eisenbauer, M., Czirók, A., Dekan, B., László, V., Hoda, M.A., Döme, B., and Tímár, J. (2013). Cell migration or cytokinesis and proliferation?–revisiting the “go or grow” hypothesis in cancer cells in vitro. Experimental cell research 319, 3094-3103.
Garneau, J.C., Bakst, R.L., and Miles, B.A. (2018). Hypopharyngeal cancer: a state of the art review. Oral oncology 86, 244-250.
Ghafouri Fard, S., and Taheri, M. (2019). UCA1 long non-coding RNA: An update on its roles in malignant behavior of cancers. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 120, 109459.
Godlewski, J., Nowicki, M.O., Bronisz, A., Nuovo, G., Palatini, J., De Lay, M., Van Brocklyn, J., Ostrowski, M.C., Chiocca, E.A., and Lawler, S.E. (2010). MicroRNA-451 regulates LKB1/AMPK signaling and allows adaptation to metabolic stress in glioma cells. Molecular cell 37, 620-632.
Gu, Y., Chen, T., Li, G., Yu, X., Lu, Y., Wang, H., and Teng, L. (2015). LncRNAs: emerging biomarkers in gastric cancer. Future oncology 11, 2427-2441.
Gudenas, B.L., and Wang, L. (2018). Prediction of LncRNA subcellular localization with deep learning from sequence features. Scientific reports 8, 1-10.
Gutschner, T., and Diederichs, S. (2012). The hallmarks of cancer: a long non-coding RNA point of view. RNA biology 9, 703-719.
Guttman, M., and Rinn, J.L. (2012). Modular regulatory principles of large non-coding RNAs. Nature 482, 339-346.
Hanahan, D., and Weinberg, R.A. (2011). Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. cell 144, 646-674.
Hao, N., He, Y., Li, X., Wang, K., and Wang, R. (2017). The role of miRNA and lncRNA in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 8, 81572.
Hatzikirou, H., Basanta, D., Simon, M., Schaller, K., and Deutsch, A. (2012). ‘Go or grow’: the key to the emergence of invasion in tumour progression? Mathematical medicine and biology: a journal of the IMA 29, 49-65.
Hoek, K.S., Eichhoff, O.M., Schlegel, N.C., Döbbeling, U., Kobert, N., Schaerer, L., Hemmi, S., and Dummer, R. (2008). In vivo switching of human melanoma cells between proliferative and invasive states. Cancer research 68, 650-656.
Huang, J., Guo, Y., Zhao, C., Yuan, S., Wang, Y., Tang, G., Zhou, W., and Sun, S. (2013). Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)‐related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) down‐regulated expression by HBx (Dreh) inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by targeting the intermediate filament protein vimentin. Hepatology 57, 1882-1892.
Jiao, C., Song, Z., Chen, J., Zhong, J., Cai, W., Tian, S., Chen, S., Yi, Y., and Xiao, Y. (2016). lncRNA-UCA1 enhances cell proliferation through functioning as a ceRNA of Sox4 in esophageal cancer. Oncology reports 36, 2960-2966.
Jolly, M.K., Boareto, M., Huang, B., Jia, D., Lu, M., Ben-Jacob, E., Onuchic, J.N., and Levine, H. (2015). Implications of the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype in metastasis. Frontiers in oncology 5, 155.
Kathagen, A., Schulte, A., Balcke, G., Phillips, H.S., Martens, T., Matschke, J., Günther, H.S., Soriano, R., Modrusan, Z., and Sandmann, T. (2013). Hypoxia and oxygenation induce a metabolic switch between pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis in glioma stem-like cells. Acta neuropathologica 126, 763-780.
Kung, J.T., Colognori, D., and Lee, J.T. (2013). Long noncoding RNAs: past, present, and future. Genetics 193, 651-669.
Lamouille, S., Xu, J., and Derynck, R. (2014). Molecular mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology 15, 178-196.
Li, J., Cui, Z., Li, H., Lv, X., Gao, M., Yang, Z., Bi, Y., Zhang, Z., Wang, S., and Zhou, B. (2018a). Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in human cancers: a review and meta-analysis. Cancer cell international 18, 1-12.
Li, Y., Wan, Q., Wang, W., Mai, L., Sha, L., Mashrah, M., Lin, Z., and Pan, C. (2019). LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 promotes tongue squamous cell carcinoma proliferation, migration and EMT via the miR-600/EZH2 axis. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 112, 108719.
Li, Z., Zhu, Q., Zhang, H., Hu, Y., Wang, G., and Zhu, Y. (2018b). MALAT1: a potential biomarker in cancer. Cancer management and research 10, 6757.
Liang, H., Yu, T., Han, Y., Jiang, H., Wang, C., You, T., Zhao, X., Shan, H., Yang, R., and Yang, L. (2018). LncRNA PTAR promotes EMT and invasion-metastasis in serous ovarian cancer by competitively binding miR-101-3p to regulate ZEB1 expression. Molecular cancer 17, 1-13.
Liang, W.-C., Fu, W.-M., Wong, C.-W., Wang, Y., Wang, W.-M., Hu, G.-X., Zhang, L., Xiao, L.-J., Wan, D.C.-C., and Zhang, J.-F. (2015). The lncRNA H19 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition by functioning as miRNA sponges in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 6, 22513.
Liu, Y., Sharma, S., and Watabe, K. (2015). Roles of lncRNA in breast cancer. Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition) 7, 94.
Luo, X., Qiu, Y., Jiang, Y., Chen, F., Jiang, L., Zhou, Y., Dan, H., Zeng, X., Lei, Y.L., and Chen, Q. (2018). Long non-coding RNA implicated in the invasion and metastasis of head and neck cancer: possible function and mechanisms. Molecular cancer 17, 1-16.
Lv, J., Guo, Y., Yan, L., Lu, Y., Liu, D., and Niu, J. (2020). Development and validation of a five‐lncRNA signature with prognostic value in colon cancer. Journal of cellular biochemistry 121, 3780-3793.
Ma, M., Xu, H., Liu, G., Wu, J., Li, C., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Xu, H., Ju, S., and Cheng, W. (2019). Metabolism‐induced tumor activator 1 (MITA1), an Energy Stress–Inducible Long Noncoding RNA, Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis. Hepatology 70, 215-230.
Martin, T.A., Ye, L., Sanders, A.J., Lane, J., and Jiang, W.G. (2013). Cancer invasion and metastasis: molecular and cellular perspective. In Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet] (Landes Bioscience).
Mas-Ponte, D., Carlevaro Fita, J., Palumbo, E., Pulido, T.H., Guigo, R., and Johnson, R. (2017). LncATLAS database for subcellular localization of long noncoding RNAs. Rna 23, 1080-1087.
Meng, X., Wang, Z., Lou, Q., Rankine, A.N., Zheng, W., Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., and Gu, H. (2021). Long non-coding RNAs in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnostic biomarkers, Targeted therapies, and Prognostic roles. European Journal of Pharmacology, 174114.
Mercer, T.R., Dinger, M.E., and Mattick, J.S. (2009). Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions. Nature reviews genetics 10, 155-159.
Miro, C., Di Cicco, E., Ambrosio, R., Mancino, G., Di Girolamo, D., Cicatiello, A.G., Sagliocchi, S., Nappi, A., De Stefano, M.A., and Luongo, C. (2019). Thyroid hormone induces progression and invasiveness of squamous cell carcinomas by promoting a ZEB-1/E-cadherin switch. Nature communications 10, 1-13.
Mitobe, Y., Takayama, K., Horie-Inoue, K., and Inoue, S. (2018). Prostate cancer-associated lncRNAs. Cancer letters 418, 159-166.
O’Brien, S.J., Bishop, C., Hallion, J., Fiechter, C., Scheurlen, K., Paas, M., Burton, J., and Galandiuk, S. (2020). Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Cancer biology & therapy 21, 769-781.
Paduch, R. (2016). The role of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in tumor metastasis. Cellular Oncology 39, 397-410.
Parasramka, M.A., Maji, S., Matsuda, A., Yan, I.K., and Patel, T. (2016). Long non-coding RNAs as novel targets for therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacology & therapeutics 161, 67-78.
Qian, X., Hulit, J., Suyama, K., Eugenin, E., Belbin, T., Loudig, O., Smirnova, T., Zhou, Z., Segall, J., and Locker, J. (2013). p21CIP1 mediates reciprocal switching between proliferation and invasion during metastasis. Oncogene 32, 2292-2303.
Qian, Y., Liu, D., Cao, S., Tao, Y., Wei, D., Li, W., Li, G., Pan, X., and Lei, D. (2017). Upregulation of the long noncoding RNA UCA1 affects the proliferation, invasion, and survival of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Molecular cancer 16, 1-7.
Rashid, F., Shah, A., and Shan, G. (2016). Long non-coding RNAs in the cytoplasm. Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics 14, 73-80.
Richards, E.J., Zhang, G., Li, Z., Permuth Wey, J., Challa, S., Li, Y., Kong, W., Dan, S., Bui, M.M., and Coppola, D. (2015). Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNA) regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF) β: LncRNA-hit-mediated TGFβ-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelia. Journal of Biological Chemistry 290, 6857-6867.
Sanders, O., and Pathak, S. (2021). Hypopharyngeal Cancer. StatPearls.
Saxena, K., Jolly, M.K., and Balamurugan, K. (2020). Hypoxia, partial EMT and collective migration: Emerging culprits in metastasis. Translational oncology 13, 100845.
Schmitt, A.M., and Chang, H.Y. (2016). Long noncoding RNAs in cancer pathways. Cancer cell 29, 452-463.
Slik, K., Blom, S., Turkki, R., Välimäki, K., Kurki, S., Mustonen, H., Haglund, C., Carpén, O., Kallioniemi, O., and Korkeila, E. (2019). Combined epithelial marker analysis of tumour budding in stage II colorectal cancer. The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research 5, 63-78.
Statello, L., Guo, C., Chen, L., and Huarte, M. (2020). Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 1-23.
Svensson, S., Nilsson, K., Ringberg, A., and Landberg, G. (2003). Invade or proliferate? Two contrasting events in malignant behavior governed by p16INK4a and an intact Rb pathway illustrated by a model system of basal cell carcinoma. Cancer research 63, 1737-1742.
Thiery, J.P., Acloque, H., Huang, R.Y., and Nieto, M.A. (2009). Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. cell 139, 871-890.
Thiery, J.P., and Sleeman, J.P. (2006). Complex networks orchestrate epithelial–mesenchymal transitions. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology 7, 131-142.
Tian, T., Wang, M., Lin, S., Guo, Y., Dai, Z., Liu, K., Yang, P., Dai, C., Zhu, Y., and Zheng, Y. (2018). The impact of lncRNA dysregulation on clinicopathology and survival of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids 12, 359-369.
Tuo, Y., Li, X., and Luo, J. (2015). Long noncoding RNA UCA1 modulates breast cancer cell growth and apoptosis through decreasing tumor suppressive miR-143. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19, 3403-3411.
Tuo, Z., Zhang, J., and Xue, W. (2018). LncRNA TP73-AS1 predicts the prognosis of bladder cancer patients and functions as a suppressor for bladder cancer by EMT pathway. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 499, 875-881.
Volovat, S.R., Volovat, C., Hordila, I., Hordila, D.A., Mirestean, C.C., Miron, O.T., Lungulescu, C., Scripcariu, D.V., Stolniceanu, C.R., and Konsoulova-Kirova, A.A. (2020). MiRNA and LncRNA as Potential Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review. Frontiers in oncology 10.
Wang, F., Ying, H., He, B., Pan, Y., Deng, Q., Sun, H., Chen, J., Liu, X., and Wang, S. (2015). Upregulated lncRNA-UCA1 contributes to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibition of miR-216b and activation of FGFR1/ERK signaling pathway. Oncotarget 6, 7899.
Wang, H., Guan, Z., He, K., Qian, J., Cao, J., and Teng, L. (2017a). LncRNA UCA1 in anti-cancer drug resistance. Oncotarget 8, 64638.
Wang, J., Li, L., Wu, K., Ge, W., Zhang, Z., Gong, L., and Yuan, D. (2016). Knockdown of long noncoding RNA urothelial cancer-associated 1 enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 71, 598-602.
Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, H., Cai, J., Xu, Q., Li, M., Chen, Y., Qian, X., Lu, T., and Yu, L. (2006). Rapid identification of UCA1 as a very sensitive and specific unique marker for human bladder carcinoma. Clinical cancer research 12, 4851-4858.
Wang, Z., Cai, Q., Hu, L., He, C., Li, J., Quan, Z., Liu, B., Li, C., and Zhu, Z. (2017b). Long noncoding RNA UCA1 induced by SP1 promotes cell proliferation via recruiting EZH2 and activating AKT pathway in gastric cancer. Cell death and disease 8, e2839-e2839.
Wu, J., Li, W., Ning, J., Yu, W., Rao, T., and Cheng, F. (2019). Long noncoding RNA UCA1 targets miR-582-5p and contributes to the progression and drug resistance of bladder cancer cells through ATG7-mediated autophagy inhibition. OncoTargets and therapy 12, 495.
Xia, T., Liao, Q., Jiang, X., Shao, Y., Xiao, B., Xi, Y., and Guo, J. (2014). Long noncoding RNA associated-competing endogenous RNAs in gastric cancer. Scientific reports 4, 1-7.
Xie, X., Li, X., Wang, F., and Chen, W. (2010). Cellular localization and tissue expression pattern of UCA1, a non-coding RNA. Journal of Southern Medical University 30, 57-60.
Yan, M., Yang, X., Shen, R., Wu, C., Wang, H., Ye, Q., Yang, P., Zhang, L., Chen, M., and Wan, B. (2018). miR-146b promotes cell proliferation and increases chemosensitivity, but attenuates cell migration and invasion via FBXL10 in ovarian cancer. Cell death & disease 9, 1-17.
Yang, Q., and Deng, Y. (2014). Long non-coding RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in head and neck cancers. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 7, 1286.
Yao, R.W., Wang, Y., and Chen, L.-L. (2019). Cellular functions of long noncoding RNAs. Nature cell biology 21, 542-551.
Ying, L., Chen, Q., Wang, Y., Zhou, Z., Huang, Y., and Qiu, F. (2012). Upregulated MALAT-1 contributes to bladder cancer cell migration by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Molecular biosystems 8, 2289-2294.
Zhang, C., Ge, S., Gong, W., Xu, J., Guo, Z., Liu, Z., Gao, X., Wei, X., and Ge, S. (2020). LncRNA ANRIL acts as a modular scaffold of WDR5 and HDAC3 complexes and promotes alteration of the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Cell death and disease 11, 1-13.
Zhang, X., Hong, R., Chen, W., Xu, M., and Wang, L. (2019). The role of long noncoding RNA in major human disease. Bioorganic chemistry 92, 103214.
Zhang, Y., Pitchiaya, S., Cieślik, M., Niknafs, Y.S., Tien, J.C., Hosono, Y., Iyer, M.K., Yazdani, S., Subramaniam, S., and Shukla, S.K. (2018). Analysis of the androgen receptor–regulated lncRNA landscape identifies a role for ARLNC1 in prostate cancer progression. Nature genetics 50, 814-824.
TCOG下咽癌工作群編撰小組（2015）。《下咽癌臨床診療指引》。臺灣：國家衛生研究