本文目的是探討多軸雷射加熱鈉鈣玻璃(Soda-lime glass)所引發之熱應力達到斷裂切割之現象，本研究利用連續式CO2雷射線型光源及脈衝式Nd-YAG雷射點光源加熱於鈉鈣玻璃表面，並配合冷卻空氣達到快速切割斷裂之效果。
在數值分析上使用有限元素法分析三維熱傳及應力問題，在模擬過程中考慮材料熱彈行為，分別採用熱傳模式與力學模式以分析熱應力對裂紋成長之影響，並針對工件深度方向的應力分佈做一探討。在實驗中利用攝影方法紀錄玻璃試件在切割過程中裂紋成長的情形，並使用光學顯微鏡觀察分析試件切割後之品質。
研究結果顯示玻璃在切割過程中，當CO2雷射線型光源作用時再加入脈衝光源後其表面裂紋成長速度會加快並往深度方向成長而達到斷裂切割之現象。在加入脈衝光源後裂紋成長方向會沿預熱切割路徑穩定成長而得到控制裂紋方向的作用。切割後的玻璃試件經觀察分析比較後發現在脈衝光源擊發處並無造成表面明顯的破壞因此切割品質也較佳。

The objective of this thesis is to investigate the thermal stress of the soda-lime glass by multiple laser cleaving. The line beam source of CO2 laser combined with the Nd-YAG pulse laser were used to heat soda-lime glass surface, and also the cooling air was used to cool the surface of the cleaving.
In the numerical analysis, the finite element was used to analysize the thermal stress and crack growth problem in three-dimensional domain, and also the thermal stress was investigated in depth. In the experiment, the photography method was used to record the crack growth and the optical microscope was used to observe and analysize the cutting quality of the samples.
It was shown the crack growth will be accelerated and extended in depth, when the CO2 laser with Nd-YAG pulse laser were used to heat on the surface of glass. The crack direction can be under control along the cleaving path. The quality of cleaving by multiple laser is much better than the conventional glass cutting by laser.

[1]Stute, U., "Matra"-Machining of Transparent Material by Multiple Absorption-Contents and Results.2004.
http://www.messeduesseldorf.de/glasstec06/pdf/scripte/Stute.pdf
[2]Hasselman, D. P. H., Unified theory of thermal shock fractureinitiation and crack propagation in brittle ceramics. J Amer Ceram.Soc. v.52, n11, pp600-604, 1969.
[3]Gupta, T. K., Strength degradation and crack propagation inthermally shock Al2O3., Journal of the American Ceramic Society,v.55, n5, pp249-253, 1972.
[4]Badalianoe, R., Krohn D. A., Hasselman D. P. H., Effect of slowcrack growth on the thermal-stress resistance of an Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glass. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, v.57, n1, pp 432-436, 1974.
[5]Morita, M., Generation and propagation behavior of laser induced thermal cracks, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, v.101, n5, pp510-515, 1993.
[6]Takase, T., Kurokawa R., Imai Y., Thermal stress cutting of cylindrical brittle materials., Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu., A Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part A, v.60, n570, pp385-389, 1994.
[7]Ikeda, M., Shibata, T., Makino, E., Takahashi Y., Ono, A., Matsumoto, F., Study on laser breaking of glass plate generation and growth of vertical cracks by scribing. Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, v.62, n3, pp413-417, 1996.
[8]Ueda, T., Yamada, K., Oiso, K., Hosokawa, A., Thermal stresscleaving of brittle material by laser beam, Annals of the CIRP, v.51, n1, pp149-152, 2002.
[9]Tsuruki, M., Machida, T., Imoto, K., Sawada A., Analytical study on crack initiation position in laser beam cleaving of ceramics. Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, A Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part A, v.68, n3, pp448-455, 2002.
[10]Tsai, C. H., Chen, H. W., Laser milling of cavity in Ceramic substrate by fracture maching element technique. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, pp158-165, 2003.
[11]Tsai, C. H., Liou, C. S., Fracture Mechanism of laserCutting with controlled fracture. Journal of Manufacturing Scienceand Engineering, v.125, pp519-528, 2003.
[12]Kotousov, A., Lu, G., On uncontrolled fracture of thin plates during thermal beam cutting, International Journal of Fracture, n88, L19-L23, 1997.
[13]Wittenbecher, W., The cutting edge of laser technology, GlassProcessing, v.75, n4, pp101-102, 1998.
[14]Hermanns, C., Laser cutting of glass., Proceedings of SPIE-TheInternational Society for Optical Engineering, v.4102, pp219-226, 2000.
[15]Gurarie V. N., Stress resistance parameters of brittle solids underlaser /plasma pulse heating .Materials Science and Engineering A:Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing, v.288, n2, pp168-172, 2000.
[16]Modest, M. F., Mallison T. M., Transient, Elastic Thermal StressDevelopment During Laser Scribing of Ceramics. Journal of Heat Transfer, v.123, n1, pp171-177, 2001
[17]Lei, H., Lijun, L., Chunlei, J., Investigation of cutting of engineering ceramics with Q-switched pulse CO2 laser. Jixie GongchengXuebao/Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, v.38, n6, pp61-65, 2002.
[18]Lee, S. H., Ahn, S. E., A Probabilistic Model for Crack Formation in Laser Cutting of Ceramics. JSME InternationalJournal, Series C: Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing, v.46, n4, pp1591-1597, 2003.
[19]Paterson, N., Tawn, A., Williams, K., Nurse, A. D., On the numericalmodeling of laser shearing of glass sheet used to optimizeproduction methods Proceedings of the Institution of MechanicalEngineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, v.218, n1, pp1-12, 2004.
[20]顏則宇, 曾俊豪, ”LCD面板雷射切割技術發展現況與趨勢”, 光電與半導體設備技術專輯, pp47-58, 2005.
[21]Narottam, P. B., and Doremus, R. H., “Handbook of Glass Properties”. Orlando , Academic Press, 1986.
[22]Doremus, R. H., “Glass Science”., New York, Wiley, 1973.
[23] Callister, W. D., “Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction”., 1999.
[24]Kotousov, A., Thermal stresses and fracture during cutting and welding operations. International Journal of Fracture. n103, pp361-372, 2000.
[25]“ABAQUS實務入門引導”, 全華科技圖書股份有限公司., 2005.
[26]“ABAQUS User’s Manual Volume”, H. K. S. Inc., Pawtuckett,1998.
[27]Holman, J. R., “Heat transfer”, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1981.
[28]“Getting Strated with ABAQUS/Standard”, H. K. S. Inc.,Pawtuckett, 1998.
[29]“ABAQUS Theory Manual”, H. K. S. Inc, Pawtuckett, 1998.
[30]Boresi, P., Ken, P. C., “Elasticity in engineering mechanics”.Second Edition, 1999.
[31]Krupa, A. A., Plermyannikov, N. N., Kovskays T. I., High temper-ature integral absorption in glass. Glass and Ceramics. v.58, n3-4,pp89-92, 2001.
[32]Eagar, T. W, Tsai, N. S. Temperature Fields Produced by Traveling Distributed Heat Sources. Welding Journal. pp346-354, 1983.
[33]李坤洲, ”雷射成形於薄版變形之分析及量測”, 成功大學機械工程研究所碩士論文, 2001.
[34]王佑仁, “雷射線光源於玻璃切割之研究”, 成功大學機械工程研究所碩士論文, 2004.
[35]Incropera, F. P., Dewitt, D. P., “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”. 1996.
[36]Helebrant, A., Buerhop, C., WeiBmann, R., Mathematical modeling of temperature distribution during CO2 laser irradiation of glass., Glass Technology, v.34, n4, pp154-158, 1993.