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研究生： 黃亭雅
Huang, Ting-Ya
論文名稱： 結合手部運動與空間能力訓練之遊戲裝置設計
Design of Game Device Combined with Hand Movement and Spatial Ability Training
指導教授： 吳豐光
Wu, Fong-Gong
共同指導教授: 陳璽任
Chen, Hsi-Jen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 工業設計學系
Department of Industrial Design
論文出版年： 2019
畢業學年度： 107
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 89
中文關鍵詞： 腦部血液循環 、手部運動 、空間能力 、神經營養因子
外文關鍵詞： Brain-Blood Circulation, Hands Motion, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Spatial Ability
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    • 隨著人類工作型態改變，許多上班族長期缺乏運動使得整體血液循環降低，影響到腦部血液循環逐漸降低的情況，促成乙型澱粉樣蛋白(Aβ)容易堆積在海馬迴附近，阻礙神經傳導與神經營養因子的生成，造成神經細胞的壞死，導致阿茲海默症的罹患率升高。有研究顯示進行益智型遊戲以及手指的運動可有效改善阿茲海默症，其原因為當我們控制手指進行活動時，是運用到大腦中的運動皮質以及體覺皮質最多部分的一項動作，因此在運用手指的過程中，將會促進到大腦的活動，大腦的活動即可增加腦部血流量，藉以產生更多腦部營養因子(BDNF)增強腦神經元的生長。
    本研究以增進腦部血液循環為宗旨，以人為本的核心理念，找出提升腦部血液循環之遊戲活動模式，設計出針對改善空間能力與增進腦部血液循環之遊戲裝置設計。該遊戲裝置主要以互動遊戲的模式進行，遊戲內容涵蓋了空間排列定位、空間接合與心理旋轉三項空間訓練，以及利用操控實體方塊的模式進行手部運動的訓練。
    透過成對樣本t檢定的結果顯示，中高齡者在經過本遊戲裝置之訓練後，無論是在腦部血流量和空間能力的訓練效果皆有顯著的提升，因此本研究以互動遊戲的方式增加中高齡者的活動樂趣與達到促進腦部血液循環的目的，提供中高齡者一個訓練腦部活動方式，此外亦期望藉由長期的訓練可以降低未來阿茲海默症的罹患率。

    Due to changes in human work patterns, long-term lack of exercise in many office workers has reduced overall blood circulation. As a result, affecting the gradual decrease of blood circulation in the brain, it is easy for the amyloid (Aβ) to accumulate in the vicinity of the hippocampus, thereby hindering the generation of nerve conduction and neurotrophic factors. Such conditions can cause necrosis of nerve cells, leading to an increased incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Research has indicated that engaging in puzzle games and finger motor exercises can mitigate Alzheimer’s Disease. Performing tasks with the fingers make extensive use of the brain’s motor and somatosensory cortices, therefore, promoting activity and increased blood flow in the brain can generate more BDNF to facilitate brain neuron growth.
    This research is dedicated to improving the blood circulation of the brain, coupled with the core concept of people-oriented, to find out the game activity mode to improve the blood circulation of the brain. At present, the author has designed a game device design for improving spatial ability and improving blood circulation in the brain. The game device is mainly implemented in an interactive game mode. The game content covers three spatial trainings of spatial arrangement, spatial engagement and psychological rotation, and the training of the hands movement of the patient is performed by using the mode of manipulating the physical block.
    Finally, through the paired sample t test, the results show that the middle-aged and elderly people have significant improvement in the training effect of blood flow and space ability after the training of the game device. Therefore, this study uses interactive games to increase the fun of middle-aged and elderly people and at the same time achieve the purpose of promoting blood circulation in the brain, thereby providing a medium-aged person with a training brain activity. In addition, this study also hopes to reduce the incidence of future Alzheimer's Disease through long-term training.

    摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Purposes 2 1.3 Scope and Limitations 3 1.3.1 Research Subject 4 1.4 Framework 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Effect of Cerebral Blood Flow 6 2.1.1 Causes and Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease 7 2.1.2 Neurotrophic Factors and Alzheimer's Disease 12 2.2 Promote Brain Activity 13 2.2.1 Exercise Promotes the Improvement of Cognitive Function 14 2.2.2 Path of Blood Flowing through the Brain 14 2.2.3 The Effect of Finger Movement on Brain Activity 15 2.3 Spatial Ability 16 2.3.1 Function of Hippocampus 17 2.3.2 Related Research on Cognitive Maps and Recognition 17 2.4 Design Methods and Assessment Methods 18 2.4.1 Focus Group 18 2.4.2 Assessment of Space Capabilities 19 2.4.3 Objective Measurement 19 2.5 Summary 20 CHAPTER 3 METHODS 21 3.1 Research Methods and Experimental Process 21 3.2 The Integration of the Literature Discussion Method and the Design of the Strategic Direction 24 3.3 Participatory Observation Method 25 3.4 First Stage Focus Group 26 3.5 Pre-test Evaluation 28 3.5.1 Purpose of the Experiment 28 3.5.2 Pre-operations and Equipment of the Experiment 28 3.5.3 Process of the Experiment 30 3.5.4 Evaluation Results and Discussion of Pretest Experiments 32 CHAPTER 4 DESIGN OF GAME DEVICES 35 4.1 Second Stage Focus Group 35 4.2 The Development Process of the Game Device 37 4.2.1 Game Mode 38 4.2.2 How the Game Works 39 4.2.3 Development of Game Content 39 4.2.4 Identification of Texture 41 4.2.5 Game Integration 42 4.3 Game Design 42 4.3.1 Game Flow 42 4.3.2 Game Interface 43 4.3.3 Game and Shell Production 44 CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND EVALUATION 46 5.1 Evaluation Experiment of Interactive Game Devices 46 5.1.1 Purpose of the Experiment 46 5.1.2 Participants 46 5.1.3 Experimental Variables 47 5.1.4 Experimental Site Planning 47 5.1.5 Experimental Equipment 48 5.2 Evaluation of the Experimental Process 50 5.3 Analysis and Discussion of Experimental Data 52 5.3.1 Data Statistics and Analysis of the Relationship Between Finger Activity Frequency and Blood Flow 52 5.3.2 Game Device Analysis of Blood Flow Data 54 5.3.3 Data Statistics and Analysis of Spatial Capabilities 55 5.4 Summary 58 CHAPTER 6 DISCUSSION 60 6.1 Focus Group 60 6.2 Game Design 61 6.3 Number of Finger Activities 61 6.4 Blood Flow 62 6.5 Performance of Space Capabilities 63 6.6 Limitation 64 6.7 Summary 65 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION 66 7.1 Results 66 7.1.1 Hand Movement Advantage 67 7.1.2 Game Device Design 67 7.1.3 Arrangement of Experiment 67 7.2 Follow-up Research Recommendations and Development 68 7.3 Conclusion 68 REFERENCES 70 Appendix A FOCUS GROUP CONTENT 1 80 Appendix B FOCUS GROUP CONTENT 2 81 Appendix C SPACE ABILITY TEST PART 1 82 Appendix D SPACE ABILITY TEST PART 2 83 Appendix E SPACE ABILITY TEST PART 3 84 Appendix F SPACE ABILITY TEST PART 4 85 Appendix G EXPERIMENTAL CONSENT 1 86 Appendix H EXPERIMENTAL CONSENT 2 87 Appendix I EXPERIMENTAL CONSENT 3 88 Appendix J EXPERIMENTAL CONSENT 4 89

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