植物相生相剋作用在生態與農業生態上扮演重要角色。它是環境中一個植物對另一個植物釋出相剋化合物後直接或間接造成植物受益或受害的現象。在植物體內，植物相剋化合物可存在於根、根分泌物、莖、葉、樹皮、花及果實。相剋化合物會抑制或排除靠近供體植物的競爭性植物物種，相剋化合物被廣泛的研究是因為在農業上可作為天然的除草劑。水稻在許多國家是重要的糧食作物，並可作為覆蓋植物。在農業生態上可透過釋出相剋化合物達到抑制雜草。然而，對於相剋化合物的作用模式與防禦反應所知甚少。
胡桃酮是具一種具植物毒性典型的相剋化合物，已被廣泛應用於植物相剋作用影響的研究。為了研究相剋作用逆境所誘發的植物訊息傳遞途徑，我們分析水稻在胡桃酮(juglone)逆境下蛋白激酶(MAPKs與 CDPKs)。為了更進一步了解胡桃酮(juglone)對細胞層次的反應，我們進行大規模的轉錄體分析。水稻幼苗暴露於胡桃酮會造成細胞生長、細胞壁生成、化學解毒途徑、非生物逆境反應及表觀調控機制等相關基因的表現改變。
自毒作用 (autointoxication)，在自然與人為生態系統中可見。它會造成生態上與經濟上的影響如降低穀類的產量，有幾種可能的相剋化合物如香草酸(vanillic acid)、沒食子酸（gallic acid）、阿魏酸（ferulic acid）等在分解的水稻殘留物水溶性萃取液中被發現，阿魏酸是具植物毒性且發現於水稻殘留物且是水稻相剋化合物。為了更進一步了解自毒作用的機制，我們進行大規模的轉錄體分析。水稻幼苗暴露於阿魏酸會造成細胞生長、細胞壁生成、化學解毒途徑、二次代謝物、訊息傳遞及非生物逆境反應等相關基因的表現改變。
儘管胡桃酮與阿魏酸在植物代謝反應上有不同影響，但對於胡桃酮與阿魏酸造成毒性的標的與細胞系統上的貢獻而獲得耐受性在分子層次上仍不了解。本研究進一步比較胡桃酮與阿魏酸對於水稻根部的基因表現之不同影響。在訊息傳遞、轉錄因子及轉運蛋白激基因的表現可能造成相剋化合物專一性的反應。這些結果可提供新的觀察以瞭解相剋作用逆境反應分子機制的基礎。

Allelopathy plays an important role in ecosystem and agroecosystems. Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on the other through the release of allelochemicals in the environment. In plants. allelochemicals can be found in the roots, root exudates, stems, leaves, bark, flowers, and fruits. Allelochemicals that suppress or eliminate competing plant species near the source plant, have been extensively studied because of their agricultural potential as herbicides. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important annual plant cultivated for grain or as a cover crop in many countries, and it is also used for weed suppression in agro-economic systems through its release of allelochemicals. Little is known, however, concerning the mode of action of allelochemicals or plant defence response against them.
Allelochemical juglone is phytotoxic and has been widely studied for allelopathic effects. To characterize signalling pathways involved in allelochemical stress responses, we initially examine whether plant MAPKs and CDPKs are involved in this process. To understand the molecular mode of action of allelochemicals, we have undertaken a large-scale analysis of the rice transcriptome during juglone stress. Induced genes could be classified by functions of cell growth, cell wall formation, chemical detoxification pathways, abiotic stress response pathways and epigenetic mechanisms.
Autotoxicity, also known as autoallelopathy has been observed in both natural as well as in the manipulated ecosystems. It causes a number of ecological and economic implications such as a decline in crop. Several putative allelochemicals, such as vanillic acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid, were found in aqueous extracts of decomposing rice residues. Ferulic acid is phytotoxic and was identified in extracts and residues of rice plants as a candidate rice allelochemical. To gain more insight into the autotoxicity mechanism of rice, we performed a large-scale, transcriptomic analysis of the rice root response to ferulic acid. Exposure to ferulic acid triggered changes in transcript levels of genes related to cell wall formation, chemical detoxification, secondary metabolism, signal transduction and abiotic stress response.
Despite the fact that juglone and ferulic acid clearly have distinct effects on plant metabolism, juglone and ferulic acid toxicity targets and the cellular systems contributing to acquisition of tolerance are not fully understood at the molecular level. In this work, we have compared the differential effects of juglone and ferulic acid on gene expression in rice roots. The differential expression of signaling, transcription-factor and transporter genes may also contribute to the allelochemical-specific response. These results may provide new insights into understanding the molecular basis of the allelochemical stress response in plants.

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