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研究生： 黃信瀚
Huang, Hsin-Han
論文名稱： 新型PVDF壓電獵能器之設計分析與實驗研究
Design, Analysis, and Experimental Studies of Novel PVDF-based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters
指導教授： 陳國聲
Chen, Kuo-Shen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2009
畢業學年度： 97
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 167
中文關鍵詞： 衝擊 、懸臂樑 、獵能器 、阻抗匹配 、壓電效應
外文關鍵詞： Impact, Cantilever beam, Piezoelectricity, Impedance matching, Energy harvester
相關次數： 點閱：103  下載：5 
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    • 無線感測器網路在結構安全檢測或其他相關應用已在現代生活中日趨重要，然而在這些應用上，由於它們廣布的數目和一些使用場合，替這些裝置更換電池是一件困難且不切實際的任務。因此，利用環境所散失的能源轉換成電能的獵能器是一項重要的研究，而在這篇論文中也將製作出壓電獵能器，將環境振動能轉換成電能。本研究利用壓電薄膜材料，提出新式拍擊獵能設計，不像在微機電式的壓電獵能器中，遭遇到低頻振動的獵能環境與系統本身擁有較高自然頻率之間互相不搭配的情形，此新式方法是利用拍擊所施加的衝擊力，來實現由低頻環境振動激發系統本身自然頻率的可能。本篇論文中包含利用PVDF壓電元件設計壓電獵能器系統的相關細節以及使用橋式整流電路或升壓轉換器將能量儲存至電容的存能策略。在此所提出的新式設計中，量測出整體的效率為28.9%，與操作於穩定振動的傳統式壓電樑實驗之4.1%相比，在效率上明顯改善許多。整體而言，此初步研究已驗證出利用壓電材料將環境振動轉換成電能儲存之應用的可行性，雖然本研究屬於設計與評估階段，尚未製作出實際應用的實體元件，但其成果在未來對於發展高效率的壓電獵能器設計提出實質建議。

    Wireless sensor networks become increasingly important in modern life for structural health monitoring or related applications. In these applications, due to their overall population and possible covered area, the replacement of batteries becomes a difficult and unrealistic task. As a result, an energy harvester to convert environment waste energy into electricity becomes important. In this dissertation, a piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed and fabricated to convert environmental vibrations into electricity. Unlike previous MEMS-based piezoelectric energy harvesters, which suffer matching between environmental low frequency vibration and the high system natural frequency, this work proposes a novel beating design using polymer piezoelectric materials. That is, by exerting impact force via beating, it is possible to excite system natural frequency by low frequency environmental vibration. This thesis contains details in designing piezoelectric harvester systems with flexible PVDF elements, exploring their vibration characteristics, and energy accumulating strategies by using a capacitor with a full-bridged rectifiers or a boost conversion. The overall efficiency of the proposed design is estimated as 28.9%. In comparison with the traditional design using a cantilever beam operated under steady state vibration, which only results in an overall efficiency of 4.1%, the efficiency is significantly improved and the proposed design could potentially revolutionize the future design approach for piezoelectric energy harvesters. In summary, this preliminary study shows that it is a feasible scheme for the application of piezoelectric materials in harvesting electricity from environmental vibrations. Although this work is still in its initial phase, the results and conclusions of this work are still invaluable for guiding the development of high efficient piezoelectric harvesters in the future.

    中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 誌謝 III 目錄 V 表目錄 X 圖目錄 XI 符號說明 XVII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 獵能器之整體背景與用途 2 1.3 研究動機 7 1.4 本文架構 8 第二章 相關背景與文獻回顧 11 2.1 本章介紹 11 2.2 壓電原理 12 2.2.1 壓電特性 12 2.2.2 壓電操作模式 13 2.2.3 壓電組成律方程式 15 2.3 壓電材料與獵能結構設計 18 2.4 蓄能電路 24 2.5 電磁獵能 26 2.6 本章結論 29 第三章 壓電發電理論模型與響應 31 3.1 本章介紹 31 3.2 低頻發電模型之等效電路 32 3.2.1 壓電元件的機電耦合 32 3.2.2 能量轉換 35 3.2.3 壓電系統等效模型推導 37 3.3 理論電能分析 40 3.3.1 開路電能 40 3.3.2 負載電能 42 3.4 本章結論 44 第四章 壓電獵能器之整體設計架構 45 4.1 本章介紹 45 4.2 振動結構之配置 46 4.3 LDT0壓電片結構與電容之重要性 48 4.3.1 LDT0壓電元件介紹 48 4.3.2 壓電片的模型電路 49 4.3.3 濾波器的特性 51 4.4 發電之功率轉移 53 4.5 存能系統 54 4.6 本章結論 57 第五章 蓄能電路分析與實驗研究 59 5.1 本章介紹 59 5.2 橋式整流電路 61 5.2.1 壓電材料電容 63 5.2.2 蓄電電容 64 5.2.3 二極體的耗壓模擬 66 5.2.4 本節結論 68 5.3 升壓轉換電路初步實驗 68 5.3.1 蓄電電容 71 5.3.2 電感與開關頻率 74 5.3.3 輸入源型式探討 76 5.3.4 本節結論 78 5.4 本章結論 79 第六章 傳統式壓電樑設計與實驗 81 6.1 本章介紹 81 6.2 實驗系統設計與架構 82 6.3 壓電樑的實驗模型 85 6.2.1 等效質量 86 6.2.2 等效阻尼 87 6.2.3 理想的振動操作點 89 6.4 共振頻率下壓電樑的輸出性能 91 6.4.1 慣性力分析 91 6.4.2 負載性能的觀測 92 6.5 壓電樑中壓電片的能量轉換 96 6.6 壓電片初始電壓之評估 99 6.7 壓電樑的存能 102 6.8 傳統式壓電樑的獵能評估 105 6.9 本章結論 106 第七章 新型壓電元件拍擊應用設計與實驗 107 7.1 本章介紹 107 7.2 壓電片撓曲特性 108 7.3 拍擊實驗動機與架構設計 110 7.4 單片拍擊實驗 112 7.4.1 振動與電壓響應 112 7.4.2 負載電能 116 7.4.3 壓電片的能量轉換117 7.4.4 增加拍擊頻率 122 7.4.5 本節結論 124 7.5 拍擊實驗的存能 124 7.5.1 單片存能 124 7.5.2 增加拍擊頻率的存能 127 7.5.3 壓電片多片並聯存能 129 7.5.4 本節結論 132 7.6 高頻拍擊實驗設計 133 7.6.1 實驗架構 133 7.6.2 電壓響應 136 7.6.3 蓄能電路存能 139 7.7 拍擊實驗的能量展示 142 7.8 本章結論 146 第八章 研究結果討論 147 8.1 本章介紹 147 8.2 壓電系統的設計 148 8.3 振動輸入對壓電系統的影響 148 8.4 壓電系統發電性能因素 150 8.5 蓄能電路後續的應用 151 8.6 拍擊式壓電獵能器討論與運用 152 8.7 本章結論 155 第九章 結論與未來展望 157 9.1 結論 157 9.2 本文貢獻 158 9.3 未來工作與展望 159 參考文獻 161 自述 167

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