| 研究生: |
巫律鈴 Wu, Lyu-Ling |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
社區旅遊遊客旅遊動機、旅遊體驗、生活型態與旅遊設施需求相關性分析 Correlations among Tourism Motivation, Tourism Experience, Life Style and the Need of Tourism Facilities of Community-Based Tourists |
| 指導教授: |
張珩
Zhang, Heng |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture |
| 論文出版年: | 2014 |
| 畢業學年度: | 102 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 112 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 社區旅遊 、旅遊設施需求 、旅遊動機 、旅遊體驗 、生活型態 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Community-based tourism, Need of Tourism Facilities, Tourism Motivation, Tourism Experience, Life Style |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:125 下載:11 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
社區旅遊強調地區的環境保護及經濟獲益,近年來已成為社區環境永續發展與管理的趨勢。然而,在社區營造發展的過程,卻常忽略社區環境資源型態之潛力,也鮮少連結至社區遊客的生活型態;此外,旅遊設施為地方的實質建設,對社區環境資源使用面向具有重要的影響,其設置的基本根據應是與旅遊行為連結的旅遊動機、旅遊體驗之心理變因,以及遊客實際的生活型態。因此,本研究即以社區永續發展為前提,探討不同社區環境資源型態對旅遊設施的需求、以及旅遊動機、旅遊體驗、生活型態與旅遊設施需求之間的相關性。
本研究以台南市為研究範圍,挑選四個社區作為研究對象,以一對一發放15歲以上之遊客進行問卷調查後,再以因素分析找出旅遊動機、旅遊體驗、生活型態及旅遊設施需求的構面。相關性則應用迴歸分析、典型相關分析、ANOVA分析及t檢定進行分析。
問卷調查得有效問卷339份,以迴歸分析結果顯示旅遊動機對旅遊體驗呈現正向直接影響。典型相關分析結果顯示旅遊動機愈強,對旅遊設施需求愈高;旅遊體驗的程度愈高,對旅遊設施需求愈高;不同的生活型態與旅遊動機、旅遊體驗,以及旅遊設施需求具有顯著相關性。
Community-based tourism emphasizes environment protection and economical benefits. which has become a trend in the promotion for environmental sustainability and management in community areas. However, community’s environmental and resources often been ignored in community development process. also rarely linked to community tourist’ s life Style;Besides, tourism facilities for local substance construction have impact of use for community’s environmental and resources. In accordance with basically should be the psychological variables of tourism motivation, tourism experience, which were linked to tourism behavior, and real life style of tourist. Thus, the study that is the premise of community sustainable development, takes to explore the relationship between different environment and resources of community, and the need of tourism facilities, and relationship among the need of tourism facilities, life style, tourism experience and tourism motivation.
This research takes Tainan as sampling area. Data were collected by one on one from the questionnaire in 4 community. The validity of the need of tourism facilities, life style, tourism experience and tourism motivation were assessed using factor analysis. To identity the effect were assessed using multiple regression analysis, canonical correlation, one-way ANOVA, and t-test.
Among which, multiple regression analysis reveals that tourism motivation and tourism experience shows positive relationship. Canonical correlation reveals tourism motivation, tourism experience, and need of tourism facilities are related. Relationships among tourism motivation, tourism experience and life style are related. Relationships between life style, and need of tourism facilities are significantly related.
一、中文文獻
吳忠宏、黃宗成、邱廷亮. (2004). 玉山國家公園遊客旅遊動機、期望、體驗、滿意度與重遊意願之研究. 國家公園學報, 14(2), 23-41.
郭育任. (2006). 森林育樂設施規劃設計準則及案例彙編. 台北市: 行政院農業委員會林務局.
郭俊良. (2004). 臺南市歷史性城區文化資產路徑與生活文化觀光建構之研究. 未出版之碩士論文. 國立成功大學建築研究所碩士論文, 台南市.
二、英文文獻
Al-hagla, K. S. (2010). Sustainable urban development in historical areas using the tourist trail approach: A case study of the Cultural Heritage and Urban Development (CHUD) project in Saida, Lebanon. Cities, 27(4), 234-248.
Alister. (1982). Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impact. London: Longman, pp.15-18.
Aref, F, & Gill, S. S. (2009). Rural tourism development through rural cooperatives. Nature and Science, 7(10), 68-73.
Assael, H. (1992). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Actions. MA: PWS-KENT.
Beh, A, & Bruyere, B. L. (2007). Segmentation by visitor motivation in three Kenyan national reserves. Tourism Management, 28(6), 1464-1471.
Besculides, A, Lee, M.E, & McCormick, P.J. (2002). Residents' perceptions of the cultural benefits of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 303-319.
Binns, T, & Nel, E. (2002). Tourism as a local development strategy in South Africa. The Geographical Journal, 168(3), 235-247.
Björk, P. (2000). Ecotourism from a Conceptual Perspective, an Extended Definition of a Unique Tourism Form. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2(3), 189-202.
Blackwell, R. D, Miniard, P. W, & Engel, J. F. (2001). Consumer Behavior. Orlando, FL: Harcourt.
Blamey, R. K. (2001). Principles of ecotourism. In Weaver, D.B.(ed.), The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism. New York: CABI.
Boo, S, & Busser, J. A. (2005). Impact analysis of a tourism festival on tourists’destination images. Event Management, 9(4), 223-237.
Boyd, S.W, & Singh, S. (2003). Destination communities: Structures, resources and types. In Tourism in destination communities, edited by Singh, S., Timothy, D.J & Dowling, R.K. Oxford: : CAB International. pp. 19-33.
Briedenhann, J, & Wickens, E. (2004). Tourism routes as a tool for the economic development of rural areas—vibrant hope or impossible dream? Tourism Management, 25(1), 71-79.
Cater, E. (1993). Ecotourism in the third world: problems for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 14(2), 85-90.
Cavaco, C. (1995). Rural tourism: The Creation of New Tourist Spaces. In Montanari A. and Williams, A. (Eds.), European tourism: Regions, spaces and restructuring, Chichester: Wiley, pp. 129–149.
Cawley, M, & Gillmor, D. A. (2008). Integrated rural tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 316-337.
Ceballos-Lascurain, H. (1996). Tourism, Ecotourism, and Protected Areas: The State of Nature-Based Tourism Around the World and Guidelines for Its Development. Switzerland: IUCN.
Council for Cultural Affairs, CCA. (2013). Introduction of community development. Retrieved from. http://www.cca.gov.tw/business.do?method¼list&id¼5 Accessed 23.05.11.
Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for Pleasure Vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408-424.
Crouch, G. I, & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1999). Tourism, competitiveness, and societal prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 137-152.
Eagles, P. F. J, McCool, S. F, & Haynes, C. F. (2002). Sustainable tourism in protected areas: Guidelines for planning and management. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Edwards, J. A. (1996). Mines and quarries: Industrial heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 341-363.
Ellis, S., & Sheridan, L. M. (2013). The legacy of war for community-based tourism development: learnings from Cambodia. Community Development Journal, 49(1), 129-142.
Engle, J. F., R. D. Blackwell and P. W. Miniard. (1993). Consumer Behavior. Orlando: The Dryden Press.
Fleischer, A, & Pizam, A. (1997). Rural tourism in Israel. Tourism Management, 18(6), 367-372.
Foucat, V. S. (2002). Community-based ecotourism management moving towards sustainability, in Ventanilla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Ocean & Coastal Management, 45(8), 511-529.
Gonza´lez, A, & Bello, L. (2002). The construct “lifestyle” in market segmentation: The behavior of tourist consumers. European Journal of Marketing, 36(1/2), 51-85.
Grant, J, & Allcock, A. (1998). National planning limitations, objectives and lessons. The development of Australia's National Ecotourism Strategy. in Ecotourism: a guide for planners and managers: 119-132.
Grenier, D, Kaae, B.C, Miller, M. L, & Mobley, R.W. (1993). Ecotourism, landscapearchitecture and urban planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 25(1-2), 1-16.
Gursoy, D, Jurowski, C, & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes: A Structural Modeling Approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79-105.
Gursoy, Dogan, & Rutherford, Denney G. (2004). Host attitudes toward tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 495-516.
Hampton, M. P. (2005). Heritage, local communities and economic development. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 735-759.
Haukeland, J. V, Grue, B, & Veisten, K. (2010). Turning National Parks into Tourist Attractions: Nature Orientation and Quest for Facilities. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10(3), 248-271.
Herbert, D. T, Prentice, R. C, & Thomas, C. J. (1989). Heritage Sites: Strategies For Marketing And Development. Aldershot: Avebury.
Hiwasaki, Lisa. (2006). Community-Based Tourism: A Pathway to Sustainability for Japan's Protected Areas. Society & Natural Resources, 19(8), 675-692.
Honey, M. (2008). Ecotourism and sustainable development, Second Edition: Who owns paradise? DC: Island Press.
Hunter, C. (1997). Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 850-867.
ICOMOS, International Council on Monument and as Site. (1999). Cultural Tourism Charter. Paris: ICOMOS. Web site October 11, 2013, http://www.icomos.org.
Irshad, H. (2010). Rural tourism – an overview.Retrieved from http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$Department/deptdocs.nsf/all/csi13476/$FILE/Rural-Tourism.pdf.
Iso-Ahola, S. E, & Allen, J. R. (1982). The Dynamics of Leisure Motivation: The Effects of Outcome on Leisure Needs. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53(2), 141-149.
Jacob, P. B. C. (2010). Lillooet Nature Centre Feasibility Study. Lillooet Naturalist Society & Cayoose Creek Community.
Jamal, T.B, & Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 186-204.
Joy, A, & Sherry, J. F. (2003). Speaking of Art as Embodied Imagination: A Multisensory Approach to Understanding Aesthetic Experience. The Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 259-282.
Jubenville, A, & Twight, B. W. (1993). Outdoor recreation management: Theory and application.State College. PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
Kausar, D. R, & Nishikawa, Y. (2010). Heritage Tourism in Rural Areas: Challenges for Improving Socio-economic Impacts. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 15(2), 195-213.
Kelly, G. A. (1955). A theory of personal constructs. New York: W.W. Norton.
Kelly, J. R. (1987). Freedom to Be: A New Sociology of Leisure. New York: Free Press.
Kemperman, A. D. A. M., & Timmermans, H. J. P. (2006). Heterogeneity in Urban Park Use of Aging Visitors: A Latent Class Analysis. Leisure Sciences, 28(1), 57-71.
Klenosky, D. B. (2002). The "Pull" of Tourism Destinations: A Means-End Investigation. Journal of Travel Research, 40(4), 396-403.
Koscak, M. (1998). Integral development of rural areas, tourism and village renovation. Trebnje, Slovenia” Tourism management, 19(1), 81-86.
Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning and Control. N.J: Prentice Hall.
Kotler.P, & Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of Marketing. NJ: Prentice Hall.
Lavery, N. (1975). The Demand for Recreation:A review of studies. Town planning Review, 46(2), 185-200.
Lazer, W. (1963). Lifestyle Concepts and Marketing. In Toward Scientific Marketing, edited by Greysser (ed.). Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
Lee, C. K, & Back, K. J. (2006). Examining structural relationships among perceived impact, benefit, and support for casino development based on 4 year longitudinal data. Tourism Management, 27(3), 466-480.
Lee, S. H, & Sparks, B. (2007). Cultural influences on travel lifestyle: A comparison of Korean Australians and Koreans in Korea. Tourism Management, 28(2), 505-518.
Lee, Y., J, Dattilo, J, & Howard, D. (1994). The complex and dynamic nature of leisure experience. Journal of Leisure Research, 26(3), 195-211.
Lepp, Andrew. (2007). Residents’ attitudes towards tourism in Bigodi village, Uganda. Tourism Management, 28(3), 876-885.
Linberg, K, & Hawkins, D. E. (1993). Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers. North Bennington, Vt: Ecotourism Society.
Manfredo, M. J, Driver, B. L, & Tarrant, M. A. (1996). Measuring Leisure Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of the Recreation Experience Preference Scales. Journal of Leisure Research, 28(3), 188-213.
Mannell, R.C. (1989). Leisure satisfaction. In Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future, edited by E.L. Jackson and T.L. Burton(eds). State College, PA: Venture Publishing,.
Masberg, B. A, & Morales, N. (1999). A case analysis of strategies in ecotourism development. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 2(3), 289-300.
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row.
Mbaiwa, Joseph E., & Stronza, Amanda L. (2010). The effects of tourism development on rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(5), 635-656.
McCall, T. (2003). Institutional design for community economic development models: Issues of opportunity and capacity. Community Development Journal, 38(2), 96-108.
McKercher, B, & Du Cros, H. (2002). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. New York: The Haworth Hospitality Press.
Mehmetoglu, M, & Ellingsen, K. A. (2005). Do small-scale festivals adopt “market orientation” as a management philosophy? . Event Management, 9(3), 119-132.
Mitchell, M, & Hall, D. (2005). Rural tourism as sustainable business: Key themes and issues. In Rural Tourism and Sustainable Business, edited by D. Hall, I. Kirkpatrick, & M. Mitchell (Eds.), Clevedon: Channel View Publications. pp. 3-14.
Mitchell, R. E, & Reid, D. G. (2001). Community integration – Island tourism in Peru. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(1), 113-139.
Moscardo, G. M, & Pearce, P. L. (1986). Historic theme parks: An Australian experience in authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research, 13(3), 467-479. .
Moutinho, L. (2000). Strategic Management in Tourism. New York: CABI Publishing.
Mowforth, M, & Munt, I. (1998). Tourism and Sustainability: New tourism in the Third World. Routledge, London.
Munsters, W. (2005). Culture and tourism: from antagonism to synergism. ATLAS Reflections 2005: Tourism, Creativity and Development, 41-50.
Murphy, P.E. (1985). Tourism: A Community Approach. New York and London: Methuen.
Mvula, C. D. . (2001). Fair Trade in Tourism to Protected Areas: A micro case study of wildlife tourism to South Luangwa National Park, Zambia. The International Journal of Tourism Research, 3(5), 393-405.
Nair, V, Munikrishnan, U. T, Rajaratnam, S. D, & King, N. (2014). Redefining Rural Tourism in Malaysia: A Conceptual Perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 1-24.
O'Sullivan, E. L, & Spangler, K. J. (1998). Experience Marketing: Strategies for the New Millennium. State College, Pa: Venture Pubing.
OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1994). Tourism strategies and rural development. . Paris: OCDE/GD(94)49 Publications.
Okazaki, E. (2008). A community-based tourism model: Its conception and use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Management, 16(5), 511-529.
Orams, M. B. (1995). Towards a more desirable form of Ecotourism. Tourism Management, 16(1), 3-8.
Pakurar, M, & Olah, J. (2008). Definition of rural tourism and its characteristics in the northern great plain region. Journal Analele Universita˘ t¸ii din Oradea, Fascicula: Ecotoxicologie, Zootehnie s¸i Tehnologii de Industrie Alimentara˘ 7(7), 777-782. .
Park, D. B, & Yoon, Y. S. (2011). Developing sustainable rural tourism evaluation indicators. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(5), 401-415.
Pearce, P. L. (1991). Fundamentals of tourist motivation. In Tourism Research: Critiques and Challenges, edited by Pearce, D. G. and Sutter, R. W. (Eds). London: Routledge.
Pearce, P. L, & Lee, UK-II. (2005). Developing the Travel Career Approach to Tourist Motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 226-237. doi: 10.1177/0047287504272020
Pearce, P. L., & Caltabiano, M. L. (1983). Inferring Travel Motivation from Travelers' Experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 22(2), 16-20.
Perdue, R. R, Long, P. T, & Kang, Y. S. (1999). Boomtown tourism and resident quality of life: the marketing of gaming to host community residents. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 165-177.
Pine II, B. J, & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the Experience Economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 97-105.
Plummer, J. T. (1974). The Concept and Applicationof Life Style Segmentation. The Journal of Marketing Management, 38(1), 33-37.
Prebensen, N. K., Woo, E., Chen, J. S., & Uysal, M. (2012). Motivation and Involvement as Antecedents of the Perceived Value of the Destination Experience. Journal of Travel Research, 52(2), 253-264.
Prentice, R. C. (1993). Tourism And Heritage Attractions. London: Routledge.
Prentice, R. C, & Andersen, V. A. (2007). Creative tourism supply: Creating culturally empathetic destinations. In Tourism, Creativity And Development, Richards G, Wilson J (eds). Routledge: London. pp89-106.
Ranđelović, N, Stefanović, V, & Azemović, N. (2012). Suva PLlaninaas development area of rural tourism. Economics of Agriculture, 59(2), 333-343.
Reid, D. G. (2003). Tourism, Globalization and Development: Responsible Tourism Planning. London: Pluto Press
Reid, Donald G., Mair, Heather, & George, Wanda. (2004). Community Tourism Planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 623-639.
Reynolds, F. D, & Darden, W. R. (1974). Construing Life Style and Psychographics. William Wells (Ed.), Life Style and Psychographics. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
Richards, G. (1996). Cultural tourism in Europe. Wallingford: CABI.
Richards, G, & Hall, D. R. (2000). Tourism and Sustainable Community Development. Routledge.
Rifkin, J. (2000). The age of access: the new culture of hypercapitalism, where all of life is a paid-for experience. New York: Tarcher/Putnam.
Ross, S, & Wall, G. (1999). Evaluating ecotourism: the case of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tourism Management, 20(6), 673-682.
Saeter, J. A. (1999). The significance of tourism and economic development in rural areas: A Norwegian cast study. In R. Butler, C. M. Hall, & J. Jenkins (Eds.), Tourism and recreation in rural areas (pp.235-245). Chichester, New York: Wiley.
Salazar, Noel B. (2012). Community-based cultural tourism: issues, threats and opportunities. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1), 9-22.
Scheyvens, R. (1999). Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management, 20(2), 245-249.
Schiffman, L. G, & Kanuk, L. L. (2000). Consumer Behaviour (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential Marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1-3), 53-67.
Scoones, I. (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Framework for Analysis, IDS Working Paper 72. Brighton: IDS.
Sebele, Lesego S. (2010). Community-based tourism ventures, benefits and challenges: Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Central District, Botswana. Tourism Management, 31(1), 136-146.
Sharpley, R. (2002). Rural tourism and the challenge of tourism diversification: the case of Cyprus. Tourism Management, 23(3), 233-244.
Sharpley, R, & Stone, P. R. (2011). Tourist Experience: Contemporary Perspectives. Routledge: Abingdon, Oxon.
Shrestha, R. K., Stein, T. V., & Clark, J. (2007). Valuing nature-based recreation in public natural areas of the Apalachicola River region, Florida. J Environ Manage, 85(4), 977-985.
Simpson, M. C. (2008). Community Benefit Tourism Initiatives—A conceptual oxymoron? Tourism Management, 29(1), 1-18.
Sirakaya, E, Jamal, T. B, & Choi, H. S. (2001). Developing Indicators for Destination Sustainability. In The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, edited by D. B. Weaver. New York: CAB International, pp. 411-32.
Slocombe, D. S. (1993). Environmental planning, ecosystem science, & ecosystem approaches for integrating environment & development. Environmental Management, 19(3), 289-303.
Swarbrooke, J. (1999). Sustainable Tourism Management. Oxford: CABI Publishing
Taiwan Tourism Bureau, BTT. (2013). Tourism policy. Retrieved from. http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/public/public_en.aspx?no¼6.
Tosun, C. (2006). Expected nature of community participation in tourism development. Tourism Management, 27(3), 493-504.
Uysal, M, & Jurowski, C. (1994). Testing the Push and Pull Factors. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(4), 844-846.
Wearing, S. L., Wearing, M., & McDonald, M. (2010). Understanding local power and interactional processes in sustainable tourism: exploring village–tour operator relations on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(1), 61-76.
Weaver, D, & Lawton, L. (2010). Tourism Management (4th ed.): Milton: John Wiley and Sons.
Weaver, D. B. (2006). Sustainable tourism: Theory and practice. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Weaver, D. B, & Lawton, L. J. (2007). Twenty years on: The state of contemporary ecotourism research. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1168-1179.
Weaver, D.B. (2005). Comprehensive and minimalist dimensions of ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 439-455.
Wells, W, & Tigert, D. (1971). Activities, Interests and Opinions. Journal of Advertising Research, 11, 27-35.
Wiewel, W, Teitz, M, & Giloth, R. (2008). The economic development of neighborhoods and localities. In J. DeFilippis & S. Saegert (Eds.), The Community Development Reader (pp. 92-101). New York: Routledge.
Wight, P. A. (1993). Sustainable ecotourism: Balancing economic, environmental and social goals within an ethical framework. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 4(2), 54-66.
Yaman, A. R, & Mohd, A. (2004). Community-based ecotourism: a new proposition for sustainable development and environmental conservation in Malaysia. ournal of Applied Sciences, 4(4), 583-589.
Yoon, Y, Gursoy, D, & Chen, J. S. (2001). alidating a tourism development theory with structural equation modeling. Tourism Management, 22(4), 363-372.
Yoon, Y, & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56.
Zhang, H, & Lei, S. L. (2012). A structural model of residents’ intention to participate in ecotourism: The case of a wetland community. Tourism Management, 33(4), 916-925.
Zhou, Y, Chen, W, & Song, L. (2011). Evaluating Ecological Tourism under Sustainable Development in Karst Area. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(2).
Ziffer, K. A. (1989). Ecotourism: the uneasy alliance, Conservation International
Working papers on Ecotourism. Wahington, DC: Ernst and Young.