隨著高度都市化與工業發展，河流水化學特徵不僅反映流域內的自然礦物風化過程，更受到人為活動的干擾。過去針對台灣西南部流域的研究多聚焦於自然風化途徑，鮮少考量工業放流水的輸入對整體水化學組成及碳酸鹽系統的改變。本研究以台灣西南部流域 (八掌溪、急水溪、後崛溪與二仁溪) 為自然背景，並聚焦於人為活動密集的鹽水溪流域，目的為解析自然風化與人為污染雙重作用下之水化學變化，並評估其對溶解性無機碳 (Dissolved inorganic carbon，DIC) 循環與水體酸化緩衝強度之影響。本研究於2023至2024年間，針對鹽水溪流域進行系統性樣品採集。水化學分析項目涵蓋主要陰陽離子、DIC和溶解性無機碳與有機碳 (Dissolved organic carbon，DOC) 的濃度測量，並藉由熱力學軟體計算DIC的組成。研究結果顯示，鹽水溪上游之溶解物質中，碳酸鹽風化約占水化學組成七成，其中約有75%來自碳酸介導的礦物風化。然而，隨著河流進入中下游都市及工業區，水體中主要離子濃度呈現顯著之變化趨勢；其中鈉離子與氯離子濃度顯著飆升，顯示工業與民生放流水之匯入已掩蓋原有的自然基流特徵。在碳循環方面，DIC 之組成亦隨季節與空間產生顯著變異；觀測指出水體中 DOC 的好氧分解消耗了大量溶氧，同時釋放額外之二氧化碳，成為干擾碳酸鹽系統之關鍵人為驅動力。熱力學模擬結果進一步證實，外源強酸與鹽類的大量輸入，已徹底改變了鹽水溪水化學之主控因素。此外，鹽水溪水體之酸鹼緩衝強度分析顯示，中下游河水因人為影響，緩衝強度僅剩上游的二分之一。

With rapid urbanization and industrial development, river water chemistry reflects not only natural mineral weathering within watersheds but also substantial perturbations caused by anthropogenic activities. By comparing the natural hydrochemical background of rivers in southwestern Taiwan, this study focuses on the highly urbanized Yanshui River to decipher hydrochemical variations arising from the combined influences of natural weathering and anthropogenic pollution and to evaluate how these variations affect the carbonate system and the acid–base buffering capacity of river water.
Systematic sampling of the Yanshui River watershed was conducted from 2023 to 2024. Hydrochemical analyses included major cations and anions, DIC, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while Geochemist's Workbench (GWB) was used to model DIC speciation.
Carbonate weathering accounted for approximately 70% of the dissolved load in the upper reaches, with carbonic acid-driven weathering contributing about 75% of this fraction. In the urbanized middle and lower reaches, sodium and chloride concentrations increased sharply, indicating substantial overprinting of the natural baseflow signature by industrial and domestic effluents. DIC also showed pronounced spatiotemporal variability. Aerobic DOC decomposition consumed dissolved oxygen and produced additional CO2, thereby perturbing the riverine carbonate system.
Thermodynamic modeling further showed that inputs of strong acids and dissolved salts fundamentally altered the controls on Yanshui River hydrochemistry. Anthropogenic inputs also markedly weakened acid–base buffering capacity, with the middle and lower reaches retaining only about half that of the relatively pristine upper reaches.

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