大腸息肉主要生長於大腸內襯，好發於大腸左側。其大致可分為腫瘤性與非腫瘤性兩種。腫瘤性息肉極高可能轉變成大腸癌，反之非腫瘤性息肉癌化機率小。息肉亞型中的無蒂鋸齒狀腺瘤(息肉)即屬腫瘤性，而增生性息肉屬非腫瘤性。但因兩者型態相似，很難用組織切片方式區分。因此Kanth等人使用核糖核酸測序法想辦法能找出區分此兩種型態的生物標誌。但核糖核酸的量與蛋白表現量並非完全一致，所以找出來的生物標誌有時不能真實反映生理情形。有鑑於此，Ingolia等人提出核醣體定位技術，幫助我們找到實際有生理功能之蛋白質。本研究的目標即利用核醣體定位技術找出特定的蛋白表現情形，以區分無蒂鋸齒狀腺瘤與增生性息肉。然而目前核醣體定位技術在定序資料分析上尚未有一套完善的分析方法，因此本論文一開始會先建立完善的分析流程，並以此流程分析四組增生性息肉與七組無蒂鋸齒狀腺瘤息肉組織，計算各基因表現量，並進行差異基因表現分析，主成分分析與階層式分群。最後共找到有六個基因可以作為區分兩種息肉型態的潛在生物標誌。

Colon polyps are small clump grow on the lining of the colon. There are 2 types of colon polyps, one is non-neoplastic and the other is neoplastic. Hyperplastic polyps (HPs) are non-neoplastic polyps and grow very slowly. Sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) are belong to neoplastic and show malignant potential. Histologically, differentiating SSA/Ps from HPs remains troublesome because the overlapping morphological and pathological features. Kanth et al. used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology to find candidate biomarkers that can differentiate SSA/Ps from traditional HPs, but mRNA expression levels are not totally correlated with the protein expression, and the translation regulation mechanism plays an important role to modulate expression level of protein. To overcome these problems, Ingolia et al. developed a powerful method called ribosome profiling, also known as Ribo-seq. This new method provide a better proxy for monitoring the protein levels in the cell than RNA-seq. In the study, I developed a novel and robust analysis pipeline for ribosome profiling data and analysed the gene expression data of 4 HPs and 7 SSA/Ps. After that, a series of differentially expressed gene analysis was conducted, like principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering to find the key markers that can distinguish SSA/Ps from HPs. Finally, 6 genes was identified to be potential biomarkers for the future clinical application.

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