近年來國際局勢動盪不安，有2022年爆發的俄烏戰爭，亦有從2023年開始紛爭不斷的以巴衝突。遠程導彈劃過都市上空，筆直撞上高聳的建築物，造成嚴重的人員及財物損失，對於處在這些戰亂地方的人們再也不是新鮮事。在台灣至今仍處於隨時可能遭受武力侵略的當下，研究爆炸對建築構件(梁、柱、版、牆等)造成的影響，並發展一套建築物受爆炸攻擊後的損害程度分析方法就顯得十分重要。

本研究將著重探討爆炸對鋼筋混凝土板造成的破壞，並且採用爆炸模擬機—一種以撞擊行為模擬爆炸壓力波的新方法。相較於真實爆炸試驗，爆炸模擬機能以更經濟、更安全的方式觀察並分析爆炸對建築構件造成的影響，並且最重要的，使用爆炸模擬機能避免產生火花及煙塵，使我們得以更清楚地觀察建築構件破壞的時間點及位置，對建築構件破壞模式的分析有至關重要的意義。

爆炸模擬機包含兩個部分，其一為提供撞擊力的衝擊質量塊，其二為橡膠軟墊。橡膠軟墊的材料性質以及形狀對模擬爆炸壓力波有決定性的影響。本文將討論(一)無橡膠軟墊、 (二)平面橡膠軟墊、 (三)金字塔狀橡膠軟墊以上三種情況，分析各種情況下鋼筋混凝土板受到的壓力是否能有效模擬爆炸壓力波。某一特定爆炸壓力波皆可由三個參數決定，分別為壓力峰值、衝量(壓力對時間積分而得之)、正相持續時間。故若要判斷爆炸模擬機是否有效模擬爆炸壓力波，只需比對鋼筋混凝土板所記錄到的三個參數是否相同；若相同，則鋼筋混凝土板所受到破壞情形亦應與真實爆炸相同。本研究亦將探討在不同加載速度下，鋼筋混凝土板的破壞情形，為未來相關的實驗提供數值模擬方面的參考，給出加載速度對壓力峰值以及衝量的關係，再透過相關爆炸分析軟體進行數值轉換，從而得到產生某特定爆炸壓力波所需的炸藥當量及爆炸中心與建築構件的距離。

In recent years, the international situation has been tumultuous, with the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022 and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict since 2023. Long-range missiles streaking across city skies, crashing into towering buildings, and causing severe casualties and property damage have become all too familiar to those living in these war-torn regions. Given that Taiwan remains under the constant threat of military invasion, it is crucial to study the impact of explosions on building components (beams, columns, slabs, walls, etc.) and develop a method to analyze the extent of damage for buildings under an explosive attack.
This research focuses on the damage caused by explosions to reinforced concrete slabs, employing the blast simulator—a novel method that simulates blast pressure waves through impact. Compared to real explosion tests, the blast simulator offers a more economical and safer way to observe and analyze the impact of explosions on building components. Most importantly, the use of a blast simulator avoids the generation of sparks and smoke, allowing for clearer observation of the exact timing and location of the damage to building components, which is crucial for analyzing damage patterns.
The blast simulator consists of two parts: an impact mass providing the impact force and a rubber cushion (elastomer). The material properties and shape of the elastomer have a decisive effect on simulating the blast pressure wave. This paper will discuss three scenarios: (1) without an elastomer, (2) with a flat elastomer, and (3) with a pyramid-shaped elastomer. The study will analyze whether the pressure experienced by the reinforced concrete slab in each scenario can effectively simulate a blast pressure wave. A specific blast pressure wave can be determined by three parameters: peak pressure, impulse (integral of pressure over time), and positive phase duration. To determine if the blast simulator effectively simulates a blast pressure wave, one only needs to compare whether these three parameters recorded on the reinforced concrete slab are the same; if they are, the damage to the reinforced concrete slab should also correspond to that of a real explosion. This research will also explore the damage to reinforced concrete slabs under different loading velocities, providing a reference for numerical simulations in future experiments. The relationship between loading speed, peak pressure, and impulse will be given, and then numerical conversion will be performed through relevant explosion analysis software to obtain the equivalent amount of explosive required to generate a specific blast pressure wave and the distance between the explosion center and the building component.

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