量子密鑰分配協定可以幫助參與者們分配無條件安全的密鑰以用於進一步通訊，諸如BB84和E91之類的量子密鑰分配協定在量子密碼學中起著重要的作用。然而，大多現有的量子密鑰分配協定在實現上有兩個難點。首先，他們要求參與者擁有強大的量子能力，例如量子聯合運算，量子寄存器等。因此，許多量子能力有限的參與者無法參與到這些量子密鑰分配協定之中。其次，大多數現有的量子密鑰分配協定都使用了一種假設的認證式傳統通道，但該通道實際上並不存在。
為了同時解決上述兩個問題，本論文提出了幾種具有密鑰回收功能的輕量化認證式量子密鑰分配協定。文中首先分析了輕量化參與者可能具有的各種輕量化量子能力組合，然後針對每個組合提出相應的輕量化認證式量子密鑰分配協定。利用這些提出的協定，僅具備有限量子能力的參與者們不再需要為了實施某個特定的量子密鑰分配協定而去增加或改變其原有的量子能力，他們根據自己所具備的量子能力選擇合適的協定來分配密鑰即可。並且，所有提出的協定都使用了預共享密鑰來幫助參與者們彼此之間進行身份認證，從而消除了對假設傳統認證通道的需求。此外，為了幫助彼此之間沒有預先共享密鑰的參與者能夠參與協定，本文對所提出的協定都給出了具有間接認證能力的版本。在這些版本中，參與者可以藉助半誠實的第三方來認證和分配密鑰，而這些第三方不會獲得任何有關最終所分配密鑰的資訊。最後，文中的密鑰回收率分析表明，即使發現被竊聽，本文所提出之協定中使用的預共享密鑰大部分也可以被回收以供再次使用。

Quantum key distribution protocols can help the involved participants share unconditionally secure keys for further communication. The quantum key distribution protocols such as BB84 and E91 play an important role in quantum cryptography. However, most of the existing quantum key distribution protocols have two difficulties in implementation. First, the involved participants are frequently required to have heavy quantum capabilities, such as quantum joint operation, quantum register, and so on. Hence, many participants who just have limited quantum capabilities cannot be involved in the quantum key distribution protocols. Second, a hypothetical authenticated classical channel is used in most of the existing quantum key distribution protocols and this assumed channel does not exist in reality.
To solve the above problems at the same time, this thesis proposes several lightweight authenticated quantum key distribution protocols with key recycling. This thesis first analyzes various combinations of lightweight quantum capabilities that a lightweight participant may have. Subsequently, for each combination, a corresponding lightweight authenticated quantum key distribution protocol is proposed. By using these proposed protocols, the participants who just have limited quantum capabilities do not need to increase or change their quantum capabilities for adapting a specific quantum key distribution protocol anymore. They can directly choose an appropriate protocol for sharing keys instead. Besides, to avoid using the assumed authenticated classical channel, all the proposed protocols use pre-shared keys to help the involved participants authenticate with each other. Moreover, to help the participants who have no pre-shared keys between each other can be involved in the protocols, for each proposed lightweight authenticated quantum key distribution protocol, this thesis proposes an indirect authenticated version. In these indirect authentication protocols, the participants can indirectly authenticate with each other and share keys with the help of a semi-honest third party and the third party can obtain nothing about the final shared security key. At last, the key recycling rate analysis shows that most parts of the pre-shared keys used in the proposed protocols can be recycled for reuse even when an eavesdropping is detected.

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