人類溝通以語音溝通為主，而構音異常即指所發音的內容無法被人辨識，造成溝通與傳遞訊息之障礙，形成構音困難有諸多原因造成，其中功能性構音障礙最為常見，患者並沒有明顯器官缺陷或是聽力障礙，而是由於口腔肌肉運用不佳、或是環境因素而導致其咬字不清，導致他人無法辨識其言語的症狀。在台灣，學齡前兒童功能性構音異常的盛行率約10%，通常發生於4-6歲最為常見。構音異常之兒童除了在學習第一語言有所障礙外，更會影響其學習新知、社交與人際互動等社會參與度，由此可見本議題之重要性。現今語言治療師針對功能性構音異常兒童主要介入的方式以訓練圖卡為主，利用圖卡提示兒童能夠自發性說出目標詞彙，讓治療師能夠依據發音的狀況調整介入的方式；然而台灣目前通用的圖卡經本研究專家訪談發現，目前訓練圖卡教材因年代陳舊、排列順序不佳，及無法合乎兒童現今生活認知發展的詞彙等問題，造成語言治療師在介入訓練時，兒童無法專注其訓練過程而影響學習效率。
有鑑於此，本研究目的在於探討功能性構音異常兒童治療現況，並繪製設計與歸納兒童功能性構音異常訓練圖卡之參考教材，藉此進一步探討功能性構音異常之兒童與典型兒童對於觀看不同設計因素之訓練圖卡之專注力為何。本研究方法分為三階段：第一階段為專家訪談：透過專業醫院之語言治療師，進行案例分析與介入訓練圖卡內容之討論；第二階段為訓練圖卡之繪製設計：基於文獻分析及專家訪談重新繪製構音訓練圖卡；第三階段為兒童專注力腦波實驗：進一步探討本研究所設計之訓練圖卡其設計因素對於兒童專注力之影響程度，採用頭戴式腦波儀測進行專注力量測。本研究結果將功能性構音異常訓練圖卡之設計因素，主要分類三個項目：分別為色調、構音結構、詞性。在實驗結果發現訓練圖卡之詞性對於兒童的專注力有顯著影響，除詞性以外，兒童喜歡明度高與鮮豔的色彩，能讓兒童產生正向積極的情緒反應。本研究結果期能歸納功能性構音異常訓練圖卡之設計因素，提供未來語言治療師或是家長對於兒童構音訓練之參考教材與依據。

Human communication is predominantly speech-based, and articulation disorders refer to cases where the content of speech is not identifiable, leading to barriers in communication and information transmission. There are numerous causes for difficulties in articulation, with functional articulation disorders being the most common. Patients typically do not have notable organic defects or hearing impairments but have unclear articulation due to poor oral muscle usage or environmental factors, resulting in their speech being unrecognizable. In Taiwan, the prevalence of functional articulation disorders in preschool children is around 10%, usually most common between ages 4-6. Apart from obstacles in learning their first language, children with articulation disorders also face challenges in acquiring new knowledge, social interaction, and other aspects of social participation, underlining the importance of this issue. Currently, the primary intervention for children with functional articulation disorders by speech therapists involves training with picture cards. These picture cards prompt children to spontaneously utter target words, allowing therapists to adjust their intervention strategies based on the pronunciation status. However, it has been identified through expert interviews that the picture cards in common use in Taiwan are outdated, poorly sequenced, and contain vocabulary that does not align with the children's current cognitive development, making it difficult for children to focus on their training process and thus impacting learning efficiency.
In light of this, the purpose of this study is to investigate the current treatment situation of children with functional articulation disorders and to draw, design, and collate reference materials for training picture cards for these children. We further examine the attention level of children with functional articulation disorders and typical children when viewing training picture cards with different design elements. The research method is divided into three stages: The first stage involves expert interviews with speech therapists from professional hospitals to discuss case analysis and training picture cards content. The second stage involves the drawing and designing of training picture cards based on literature analysis and expert interviews. The third stage is a children's attention brainwave experiment, further examining the influence of the design elements of the training picture cards designed in this study on children's attention, using a head-mounted brainwave meter for attention measurement. The design elements of the functional articulation disorder training picture cards were classified into three main categories: color tone, articulation structure, and part of speech. Experimental results revealed that the part of speech in the training picture cards significantly impacted children's attention. Besides part of speech, children preferred high brightness and vibrant colors, which elicited positive emotional responses. The findings of this study aim to summarize the design elements of functional articulation disorder training picture cards, providing future reference materials for speech therapists or parents for children's articulation training.

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