隨著教育普及與就業人口結構的改變，各領域皆對性別議題持有高度的關注，然而與性別相關的研究大都聚焦於人口背景特徵，而忽略內在的性格特質，性別特質作為一種性格特質傾向是外在行為的驅動力，相較於將個體二分為男性與女性，更具多元化的特性能提供更深入、全面的瞭解。因此本研究將探討性別特質與工作績效的關聯，以及性別特質如何透過情緒勞動來影響工作機。此外，社會規範對性別角色的期待會影響他人對行為者的反應與評價，故本研究進一步以性別來釐清性別特質與工作績效以及情緒勞動與工作績效的關聯。本研究目的如下：探討（1）探討員工之性別特質(男性化、女性化特質)對工作績效的影響。（2）探討員工之性別特質與情緒勞動(正向情緒表達、負向情緒克制)的關聯。（3）探討員工之情緒勞動(正向情緒表達、負向情緒克制)，在性別特質與工作績效間的中介作用。（4）釐清性別在性別特質與工作績效、情緒勞動對工作績效作用中調節效果。
本研究以台灣私營企業共247位員工作為研究對象，同時由員工的直屬主管評定其工作績效。本研究結果顯示：（1）男性化特質與工作績效有正向關聯，女性化與工作績效無直接的關聯。（2）正向情緒表達對工作績效有顯著的正向影響，負向情緒克制對工作績效則無顯著的影響。（3）員工的女性化特質能夠透過正向情緒表達提升工作績效。（4）性別在負向情緒克制與工作績效間具有調節作用：對男性員工而言，負向情緒克制與工作績效具有負向關係，對女性員工而言，負向情緒克制與工作績效具有正向關係。最後，根據本研究之結果進行討論，並針對研究貢獻與限制加以闡述，提供學術研究以及實務操作的建議與應用。

With the spread of education and the changing demographics of the workforce, there is a high level of concern for gender issues in all fields. However, gender-related research has mostly focused on demographic background characteristics and neglected intrinsic personality traits, such as gender traits.
This study is examined the relationship between gender traits and employees’ job performance, and the mediating effects of emotional labor between gender traits and job performance. Furthermore, we hypothesized that due to social norm about gender role, gender would moderate the relationships between gender traits and job performance, and the relationship between emotional labor and job performance.
Using a questionnaire survey, we analyzed data from 247 employees of private enterprises from service industries in Taiwan. Results show that (1) Masculinity is positively related to job performance; (2) expression of positive emotion is positively related to job performance, and suppression of negative emotion is negatively related to job performance; (3) expression of positive emotion mediated the relationship between femininity and job performance; (4) there is moderating effect of gender on the relationship between suppression of negative emotion and job performance: suppression of negative emotion is negatively related to job performance for men, in contrast, suppression of negative emotion is positively related to job performance for women.
Finally, the contributions and limitations of this study were discussed, and the suggestions for academic and practical applications were also provided.

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