泛自閉症兒童在早期發展時即會出現社交互動、溝通困難，並且出現行為的問題，例如：重複、固著的行為及興趣、自殘自傷的行為。過去歐美國家的研究顯示泛自閉症兒童之家長與其他發展障礙兒童之家長比較時經常會經歷較大的親職壓力。而家長的親職壓力和照顧兒童的品質相關；其親職壓力越大，照顧的品質越差。因此，當家長感受到很大的親職壓力時，是否能用有效的應對策略來紓解壓力，是泛自閉症家庭調適很重要的議題。然而，過去國外的研究對於學齡前泛自閉症兒童家長使用的應對策略，呈現不一致的研究結果，而國內相關的研究相對稀少，考量東方和西方文化的差距，國外家長應對策略使用的研究結果無法直接應用在台灣泛自閉症家庭。因此，本研究比較學齡前泛自閉症兒童家長、認知發展遲緩兒童家長以及一般發展兒童家長之親職壓力以及應對策略使用的差異，探討兒童整體發展的能力、家長親職壓力與應對策略使用之間的關係。研究發現泛自閉症兒童的家長比起認知發展遲緩兒童家長及正常發展兒童家長有較大的親職壓力，並且親職壓力與泛自閉症兒童的適應行為及行為問題相關。而問題焦點的應對策略與泛自閉症兒童家長的親職壓力相關，當使用較多問題焦點應對策略時，可以降低家長的親職壓力。

In this study, we aimed to compare the differences in parenting stress and coping strategies among parents of children with ASD, parents of children with cognitive delay, and parents of typically developing children. The other purposes were to examine the relationships between overall development, parenting stress, and coping strategies. Thirty children with ASD, 30 children with cognitive delay, and 45 typically developing children and their parents participated in this study. Parents were asked to complete the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales, Parenting Stress Index: Short Form, COPE Inventory, and the caregiver report form of Psychoeducation Profile- third edition. All children were assessed by the Psychoeducation Profile- third edition. The parents of children with ASD presented the highest levels of stress than the other parents of children with cognitive delay and typically developing children. The adaptive behaviors and problem behaviors of children with ASD were correlated to the stress of parents. Furthermore, problem-focused coping strategies were correlated to parenting stress among parents of children with ASD. When mothers of children with ASD used greater problem-focused coping strategies, they would have lower levels of parenting stress.

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