在傳統的非破壞檢測法上，有許多方法是利用地表面受波器所接受到的波形來進行地體構造的判斷，此種顯示在時域上的波形，往往容易受到背景雜波及訊號接受不良的影響而使得研判不易或錯誤的情況發生。

　　隨著科技進步，許多數位訊號處理領域上的技術不斷地被開發應用在實際工程上。小波分析即為其中一，其在非平穩訊號上所擁有的優越局部化能力，是傳統複立葉轉換所無法比擬的，但其缺乏能量及頻率分布的缺點，卻使得此種方法有所限制。故本研究提出了一種新的信號表示方法，稱為二次時頻分析法，其更加直觀且合理的表示訊號能量及頻率隨時間變化的趨勢，使得波形特徵更易於判斷且較為客觀。

　　本研究利用淺層震測反射法的基本理論來探求近地表面淺斷層的相關特性，分別建立了二維及三維的有限元素模型，並應用數位訊號擷取設備進行現地試驗，最後在利用上述方法來處理時域上無法辨視的波形特徵。研究結果顯示：二次時頻分析法比起傳統時域及小波分析上，能提供更多更好的波形特性及辨識率，對於地物探勘資訊上的解讀及研判，有更實質上的助益。

關鍵字：淺層震測反射、有限元素、時頻分析

　　Among the traditional nondestructive inspection methods, some of them are using time-domain signals captured by the geophones set up on the ground surface, but due to the interfering of background noises or even a low-quality of signals captured, both will leading to an identification difficulties or even a misjudgment.

　　Along with the advance of technology, there is also a lot of progress in the field of digital signals process, so many new techniques have been developed then applied to practical works. Among all is the wavelet analysis method, which possess its superiority on the localization enlargement of non-stationary signals which far beyond the function of traditional Fourier Transform do, but owing to its insufficiency in both the description of energy and frequency distribution, cause its limitation.

　　Therefore this study proposed a new method for signal description which termed as the quadratic time-frequency analysis method, which view more directly and reasonably on the variation of signal energy and frequency as it change with time, thus leads the characteristics of waveform a easier identification and more dispassion.

　　This research using the elementary theory of shallow reflection seismic method to search for the relevant characteristics of near ground surface shallow faults, then simulated by both 2-D and 3-D finite element method, also capturing the in-situ test signal by a digital signal capturing facility, then using both wavelet analysis and quadratic time-frequency analysis methods to process the signals obtained. The results show that:The quadratic time-frequency method provide a better identification on the characteristics of waveform is superior than both the traditional time-domain and wavelet analysis, will offer a better resolution and identification for geophysics study and investigation.

Keywords: shallow reflection seismic method; finite element; time frequency analysis.

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