在本論文中，我們設計了一種用於檢測諧波功率和定位未知設備的智能天線系統雛形。系統的工作頻率為 2.4 GHz。整個系統結構包括移相器、反射器天線、功率放大器、electronically steerable parasitic array (ESPAR)天線、雙工器和bladeRF模組。我們使用二極管和雙頻帶反射器天線來實現被測設備，並通過信號產生器獲得 2.4 GHz 信號。
根據系統中物體的測量結果，ESPAR天線的實測S11為-10.61 dB，最大增益為7.96 dBi。外部偏壓可以改變 ESPAR 天線的輻射模式，接收器可以通過改變輻射模式來確定信號源的方向。 ESPAR天線具有三種輻射模式，這些模式可以覆蓋-60∘到60∘的範圍。移相器可以改變信號的相位，可以按照波束成形技術理念來實現智能天線系統。在多天線系統中，雙工器用於選擇整流器不同方向的諧波功率。與單天線相比，多天線可以覆蓋更廣的範圍或提供更高的可靠性。
我們提出了兩種類型的能量收集及諧波檢測元件。一種是通過功率分配器和雙頻天線收集能量和發射諧波功率，另一種是使用一個雙工器和兩個不同頻段的天線。實測雙頻反射面天線S11在2.4 GHz和4.8 GHz為-11.97 dB和-11.85 dB，最大增益為7.67 dBi和2.39 dBi。 在上述兩個元件中RF-DC整流器可提供0.1 mV至2101.7 mV的輸出直流電壓，RF輸入功率範圍為-23 dBm至10 dBm。當輸入大於-4dBm時，整流器可以在向基站傳輸諧波功率的同時為下一級提供300 mV。基站可以識別諧波功率，確定整流器的位置。
這種智能天線系統可以通過波束成形天線和波束控制天線輻射 2.4 GHz 信號，以接收 4.8 GHz 信號。該系統可以使用 4.8 GHz 信號來確定被測物體的位置。然後向設備發射 2.4 GHz 信號。實現無電池整流標籤。該系統中的 bladeRF 用於處理 4.8 GHz 信號。

In this thesis, a smart antenna system for detecting harmonic power and locating the unknown devices is designed. The operating frequency of the system is 2.4 GHz. The whole system structure includes a phase shifter, a reflector antenna, a power amplifier, an ESPAR antenna, duplexes and a bladeRF module. We use diodes and dual-band reflector antennas to implement unknown devices and obtain 2.4 GHz signals via a signal generator.
From the measurement results of the object of system, the measured return loss S11 of electronically steerable parasitic array (ESPAR) antenna is -10.61 dB and the maximum gain is 7.96 dBi. An external bias can change the radiation pattern of the ESPAR antenna, and the receiver can identify the direction of the signal source by changing the radiation pattern. ESPAR antenna has three types of radiation modes. These modes can cover the angle from -60∘to +60∘. A phase shifter can change the phase of signal and it can obtain the technology of beamforming to realize the smart antenna system. In a multi-antenna system, the duplexer is used to select the harmonic power of the rectifier in different directions. Multi-antennas can cover a wider range or provide greater reliability than a single antenna.
Two types of energy harvesting and harmonic detection devices. One is to collect energy and transmit harmonic power through a power divider and a dual-band antenna. The other is to use a duplexer and two antennas with different frequency bands. The retrun loss S11 of the dual-band reflector antenna is -11.97 dB and -11.85 dB at 2.4 GHz and 4.8 GHz, respectively. The maximum gain is 7.67 dBi and 2.39 dBi, respectively. The RF-DC rectifier can provide an output DC voltage of 0.1 mV to 2.1 V, and the RF input power range is -23 dBm to +10 dBm. When the input is greater than -4 dBm, the rectifier can supply 300 mV for the next stage while transmitting harmonic power to the base station. Thus, the base station can identify the harmonic power and determine the position of the rectifier.
The operating frequency for this system is 2.4 GHz. The system can identify unknown devices with the second harmonic generated by the rectifier. In this way, the system can direct the 2.4 GHz signal to power the object up. This can improve energy transmission efficiency.

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