錯誤記憶是一種將沒發生過或是與事實不符的事件，或細節，使之成為記憶並堅信記憶的內容發生過。過去經常使用DRM典範進行錯誤記憶研究。DRM典範會在學習階段以聽覺呈現特定詞彙(例如：睡覺)的相關聯詞彙(例如：枕頭、睡衣、棉被、床......)，但不包括特定詞彙本身。受試者會傾向在自由回憶作業報告特定詞彙的存在，或是再認測驗時將特定詞彙判斷為曾經呈現過的。這些容易誘使受試者回答曾經學習過的詞彙稱為關鍵詞。在學習階段呈現給受試者的相關連詞彙稱為列表詞。
目前有兩個主要形成DRM錯誤記憶的歷程，列表詞與關鍵詞概念連結的產生與記憶的來源監控失敗。激發監控理論認為連結以自動化、促發的方式產生，模糊痕跡理論認為以語意，擷取語意要旨的方式產生。在監控歷程上，激發監控理論與模糊痕跡理論也有各自的看法。激發監控理論認為，受試者可能以熟悉性做為判斷關鍵詞是否呈現過的依據，或是較系統性的回憶關鍵詞呈現時伴隨的外部特徵(例如：位置、講者的聲音......)。模糊痕跡理論在監控方面則認為受試者會藉由回憶列表詞的外部特徵去拒絕與列表詞概念相像的關鍵詞。錯誤記憶的產生在於當受試者不論以上述何種方式從列表詞連結到關鍵詞，且監控失敗無法拒絕關鍵詞時。
近期研究指出，支持以自動化、促發的方式產生連結的指標BAS(自由聯想常模中自列表詞聯想到關鍵詞的比例。例如：給予詞彙睡衣，有20%受試者第一個聯想到的詞彙為睡覺，則聯想強度為0.200)，經由分析後發現部分語意特徵與BAS有一定程度的關聯(Brainerd, Yang, Reyna, Howe, & Mills, 2008)，語意特徵基模中的情境特性數目可以預測BAS值與錯誤回憶率且以具有情境特性的詞彙建構DRM列表可以在低BAS產生高錯誤再認率(Cann, McRae, & Katz, 2011)。Cann et al. (2011)認為詞彙的情境特性會促進要旨資訊的萃取，使錯誤回憶率提高。但同樣的列表卻無法在自由回憶作業產生高的錯誤回憶率，是否詞彙的情境特性的影響不在於促進要旨萃取而在錯誤記憶的另一個機制監控？由於具有情境特性的詞彙在DRM材料最多，此外情境特性就是建立情境腳本應該具有的特徵，與訊息誤導效果使用腳本或情境的方式產生錯誤記憶可能有些許關聯。因此，本次研究的目的在於了解詞彙的情境特性是如何影響錯誤記憶中的監控機制與錯誤記憶的表現，以及了解是否受試者的監控能力越好越容易有錯誤記憶。實驗一以多元面向的創造力測驗與錯誤記憶分數求取相關，藉由多面向的創造力探討錯誤記憶中的相似機制。結果顯示錯誤記憶與創造力有相似的機制，連結與監控，此外，萃取要旨與自動化連結也有一定程度正相關。實驗二以複製實驗的方式檢驗Cann et al. (2011)的研究，包括將Cann et al. (2011)的材料英譯中、以具有情境特性的詞彙建構DRM列表但BAS值更趨近0，以Gamma與C進行計算監控能力。結果顯示Cann et al. (2011)的實驗結果可以重現。BAS更低的情況依然有錯誤記憶產生，排除掉連結的影響後依舊有錯誤記憶產生，顯示監控可能的影響。實驗三進一步探討BAS與詞彙的情境特性在錯誤記憶中的監控機制與錯誤記憶表現上的影響，並且以記憶衰退性探討含有情境特性的詞彙建構的列表產生的錯誤記憶是否與一般列表產生的錯誤記憶不同。結果顯示BAS與詞彙的情境特性都會對錯誤記憶表現產生影響，但沒有交互作用。詞彙的情境特性在低BAS時對監控有單純主要效果，BAS對監控沒有影響。研究結果顯示，BAS依舊是一個影響錯誤記憶的指標。而詞彙的情境特性的列表與一般列表產生的錯誤記憶衰退率並無不同。最後分析受試者監控能力與錯誤記憶表現之間的關係，結果顯示受試者監控能力越好越不會產生錯誤記憶。
本次研究指出BAS依舊是可以預測錯誤記憶的指標，且情境特性詞影響不在連結而在降低監控。支持激發監控理論，但本次研究也指出萃取語意要旨與自動化連結有一定程度關聯，且錯誤記憶的衰退率依舊小於真實記憶，支持模糊痕跡理論，顯示兩個理論可能不是互斥而是互補。

Backward Associative Strength (BAS) is considered as a good predictor of false memory produced by Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task. Previous study found that both semantic properties and BAS load on the same factor of the task (Brainerd et al., 2008). It is proposed that DRM lists composed of Situation Properties can elicit high false memory at low BAS (Cann et al., 2011). We assume that Situation Properties could influence metacognitive monitoring for DRM task but BAS could influence the time retention of false memory. The present study investigates if Situation Properties lists and BAS influence metacognitive monitoring and the time retention of false memory. Both Gamma and C (Cheng, 2010) values are used to measure the metacognitive monitoring of DRM task in Roediger’s (2013) paradigm and percentages of false memory decay rate are used to refer time retention. The results show that Situation Properties reduces metacognitive monitoring.

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