目的：本研究以書面腳本與歸因向度評量 (written analog questionnaire, WAQ) 探討早產幼兒的母親對不注意和過動/衝動行為的歸因風格。延伸過去母親歸因的研究派典，就幼兒期 (toddler) 兒童的不注意和過動/衝動行為作為歸因的描述行為，以早產作為干擾行為的高風險因子，探討早產幼兒的母親對兒童不注意和過動/衝動行為的歸因風格。
方法：納入1.5歲至3歲兒童的母親，早產組67位，足月組66位。測量工具包含貝克焦慮量表、貝克憂鬱量表、親職壓力量表、幼兒期干擾行為量表—家長版、兒童行為檢核表及本研究室自編之書面腳本與歸因向度評量。
結果：早產組母親對正常發展的早產兒會持正面的歸因，卻對異常發展的早產兒持負面歸因風格，特別是早產高風險組母親會認為早產兒的控制性是差的，且較傾向將過動/衝動行為視為個人原因的。然而，在兒童的不注意指標顯著高於足月兒的情況下，早產組母親仍傾向對正向行為持較正面的歸因（個人原因的、可控制的、穩定的、廣泛的），且認為不注意行為是非個人原因的。最後，早產組幼兒的干擾行為，在不注意指標上顯著高於足月組，而且早產高風險組母親的親職壓力顯著較高。
討論：早產高風險幼兒的母親對兒童的利社會行為、不注意力和過動/衝動行為存在特定的歸因風格。早產高風險幼兒的母親傾向認為兒童的正、負向行為都控制性較差、穩定與廣泛性較高。而對過動/衝動行為的負向歸因風格可能是因華人文化特質下，對過動/衝動行為的管教困難、負向的互動經驗，造成母親在評斷兒童的行為原因時，沒有依據充分的時間觀察與資訊，或是忽略外在環境因素的可能影響而傾向於認定為其個人內在特質；而對不注意行為的正向歸因風格，則可能與脆弱兒童症候群 (vulnerable child syndrome) 有關，因兒童發展的脆弱性而影響母親幼兒化 (infantilization) 孩子的行為，較不會要求孩子符合一般兒童的行為標準，認為不注意行為是因早產兒發展受限而造成，故採取較寬容的態度，且更加重視孩子可以達成的正向行為。未來可進一步針對家長的管教歸因進行預防介入研究，藉由探討家長與兒童互動的經驗，提供認知再建構，並促進彈性思考的能力，進而達到促進互動品質與預防疾病發展的目的。

The purpose of this study is to identify the attribution style of mothers of ADHD high risk preterm toddlers to inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity behavior. There are six questionnaires for participants rating, including modified written analogue questionnaire- sentence analogue questionnaire, Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale-toddler, Children Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2~5, Parenting Stress Index, Beck Depression Inventory Chinese version, Beck Depression Inventory II Chinses version. There are 67 participants in preterm group, and 66 participants in term group. By using mothers’ rating of Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale-toddler and the cutoff point, the study separated preterm group and term group to four group- term and low risk group, term and high risk group, preterm and low risk group and preterm and high risk group. The result of sentence analogue questionnaire revealed that mothers of preterm toddlers consider children’s negative behavior are more uncontrollable, stable and global than mothers of term toddlers. And mothers of ADHD high risk preterm toddlers consider children’s hyperactivity/impulsivity behavior are more internal than others. The study found different and particular attribution style of mothers of ADHD high risk preterm toddlers to inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity behavior. Parental attribution is one of the important factors which might influence parent-child interaction. Further study can use cognitive reconstruction as early intervention program for parents who have children with disruptive behavior.

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