現今對於太陽能電池的應用，非晶矽太陽能電池因其於日光照射下具有嚴重的光腐蝕，效率不佳，一般只能應用在室內。而結晶矽太陽能電池於近年來，發展效率已逐漸達到極限，並因為製程複雜、成本昂貴而難以大規模應用。而染料敏化太陽能電池使用光激發染料敏化太陽能電池中之多孔性半導體薄膜電極，將對太陽光之吸收光譜延伸至可見光及紅外光區，相對於結晶矽太陽能電池，其成本簡單的製作工藝，成本低、低污染、適合大規模應用，性能穩定及抗腐蝕性良好，高溫下性能穩定，對光線入射角度要求低，於低角度仍具良好電池性能，在未來極具發展的潛力。而傳統上利用溶膠凝膠法製作染料敏化太陽能電池多孔性薄膜電極時，在製程中需要一個500~600度之熱分解有機物過程，使得對大面積導電玻璃鍍膜受到限制，因此若能以粉末塗敷的方法進行多孔性薄膜電極成形，並且徹底掌握製作過程中之控制參數，控制多孔性薄膜電極結構，並有效增加染敏性太陽能電池之效率，將可使未來大規模的應用得到突破。
因此，本研究擬對於粉末塗敷法成形多孔性薄膜電極的過程，以布朗動力學理論建構出多孔性薄膜成形理論，模擬膠體溶液中成形多孔性薄膜之乾燥過程，並建立系統之作用勢能及完成多孔性薄膜成形之模擬系統。配合對於薄膜結構估算薄膜空孔度及粒子之配位數等電極薄膜結構參數，對於模擬系統中之重要因子進行設計模擬實驗，找出於多孔性薄膜成形過程中，找出顯著參數因子及顯著交互作用項，並建構顯著因子之迴歸模型。同時以實驗設計之結果結合染料敏化太陽能電池光電轉換效率估算模型，以成形薄膜電極之結構，進行電極效率的估算，並與文獻比對驗證本文之正確性及可行性。最後再將顯著因子對光電轉換效率的結果模型化，以系統化方式對於顯著之參數因子進行調控並估算效率，以設計之流程達成染料敏化太陽能的提升，並建立應用實例證明本研究的實用性。
在本文之研究中，以布朗動力進行電極成形之模型建構，對於製程參數中加入粒子間側向之毛細吸附力的影響，並透過側向毛細力貢獻度之分析，證明納入之側向毛細力確實顯著並確實提升了多孔性薄膜成形模擬之正確性。同時以實驗設計的方法，分別探討電極結構與製程對效率影響，建立電極結構對效率因子交互作用之理論模型。接著整合電極成形與效率估算兩實驗設計模型進行製程對效率估算，與文獻實驗比對結果，相較於傳統理論線性模型，納入側向毛細力含交互作用項之實驗設計模型可將電池效率估算誤差由15.78%減少2.24%。最後經由文獻比對證明本文之正確性後，以多孔性薄膜電極結構的設計進行應用實例之設計規劃，經由最佳結構及最佳製程參數搜尋的結果，提出最佳之多孔性薄膜電極之結構，使多孔性薄膜電極之設計能有效快速地找出最佳薄膜結構之製程參數，在本文的設計流程下對最佳製程參數搜尋結果，可使原先文獻中使用black dye染料下，最佳光電轉換效率由原先10.4%大幅提昇至12.45%，使未來能有用地做為染料敏化太陽能電池多孔性電極最佳化製程之參考。

Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells have detrimental light corrosiveness on sunlight in the application of solar cells and low efficiency, so only can be used indoors. In recent years, efficiency in Crystal-Si Solar Cell have gradually reached limit, and because with its complication of manufacture and expensive cost, it is difficult for further to be extensive application. In light exciting dyes, the porous semiconductor electrode of Dye Sensitive Solar Cell can be extented to the absorption spectrum of the sunlight to the visible light and infrared light area. By comparing with the crystallization silicon solar cell, it is simpler to manufacture with lower costs, low pollution, and is suitable for extensive application, stable performance and good resisting corrosiveness, and it’s performance is stable under high temperature, require the low light incidence angle, and still have performance of good batteries on the low angle, so have good potential of development in the future. In tradition we used sol-gel method to manufacture the porous electrode of dye sensitive solar cell, and in this manufacturing process we needed a thermal decomposition of the organic matter in 500-600℃ to limit the large area of the conductive glass membrane. Therefore, if we can use the powder coating method to make the porous electrode and totally have control of the parameters in producing and the structure of the porous electrodes to increase the efficiency of dye sensitive solar cells, these extensive applications of dye sensitive solar cells can be a huge break through in the future.

Therefore, in this research we use Brown dynamics theory to establish the theory for forming porous membranes, simulate the drying process of these membranes in the colloid solution, and establish the working potential energy and the simulating system in the process of forming porous electrodes by using the powder coating method. Coordinating with those parameters of the structure of membranes in electrodes like the structure of membranes to estimate the degree of porosity and the coordination number of particles, etc, we will design the simulation for the important factors in systems to find out the noticeable factors and reciprocation terms and establish the return model of noticeable factors. At the same time, we take the structure of membranes to estimate the efficiency of electrodes by using the results of experimental designs combining with the estimating efficient model of the photoelectric conversion of dye sensitive solar cells, and compare with the literatures to prove the correctness and practicability. Finally, we model the results and control the noticeable parameters to estimate the efficiency systematically by the designing procedures to reach the requirement, and take an example to prove the model practicability.

In this research, we use Brown dynamics to establish the model of the formation of electrodes, and join the effect of side capillary forces between those particles. By the analysis of side capillary forces, we prove that side capillary forces effect observably and this result raises the correctness of simulations of forming porous membranes. At the same time, we use the experimental design method to discuss the effects of the electrode structure and the procedures to the efficiency dividedly, and establish the theoretical model of the electrode structure to reciprocations of the efficient factors. Then integrating the experimental design model of the electrode formation and the estimating efficiency to estimate efficiency and comparing with literatures, different from the traditional linear model, the experimental design model that taking in the side capillary forces including reciprocation terms can reduce the error from 15.78% to 2.24%. Finally after comparing with literatures to prove the correctness in this research, we design an example in application by this structure of porous electrode membranes. With searching results of the optimum structure and parameters in procedures in our experimental design, we can bring up an optimum structure of the porous electrode membrane to find out the best producing parameters quickly. In my design procedure, as using the same black dye in references, the optimum parameters can make the best photoelectric conversion efficiency raise from 10.4% to 12.45% largely, so this research is helpful to be the reference of optimal procedures of porous electrode in Dye Sensitive Solar Cells in the future.

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