本論文採用雙光束干涉且多次曝光技術研製全像三維光子晶體以及準光子晶體。實驗上由兩道夾角為38.90的同調雷射光干涉，將干涉光在空間中的強弱分佈紀錄於全像液晶聚合物薄膜（holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal, HPDLC）。製作結構時，將一道雷射光正向入射於PDLC薄膜上，另一道光以38.90入射，兩道光在樣品上重疊並進行三次及五次曝光，每次曝光之後，將樣品以法線方向為轉軸分別旋轉120°及72°，形成面心立方結構以及具有十重旋轉對稱的準光子晶體結構。此種多次曝光的干涉方式，與一般使用全像干涉技術的光子晶體研製方法相比，實驗設置較為簡易，且可製造大面積(1X1 cm2) 光子晶體結構。在結構完成後，使用掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)拍攝HPDLC薄膜結構，與理論模擬結果相似，晶格間距的誤差約為3~15 %。此外，將結構的繞射及色散等光學性質研究結果，與使用傅立葉轉換計算模擬所得相互比較，非常吻合。且外加電壓於HPDLC薄膜光子晶體，量測光入射時的繞射效率，證實此光子晶體結構內部折射率差為可調變。實驗結果也可確認此三維HPDLC薄膜光子晶體具有超稜鏡現象。

This thesis studies three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal (PC) and quasi photonic crystal (QPC) based on polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films using two-beam interference with multi-exposures. Such a method simplifies the experimental setup in comparison with conventional holographic approach, and allows us to fabricate a large area (1x1 cm2) PC. Experimentally, one beam is incident normally onto the PDLC film, and the other beam is incident at an angle of 38.9°. Two beams are overlapped at the sample. Three and five exposures are made to fabricate the PDLC PCs, and between each exposure, the sample is rotated 120° and 72°, respectively along the normal of the sample surface. The photonic crystals obtained possess face-cubic center, and ten-fold rotation symmetry structures for the samples with three and five exposures, respectively. The structures of the fabricated PCs probed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) are found to agree with theory qualitatively. Deviation of the lattice spacing is 3~15 %. Furthermore, diffraction and dispersion effects of these PCs are systematically studied. The diffraction patterns agree well with theory based on Fourier transformation approach. It is also demonstrated that the diffraction efficiency of the 3D PCs can be electrically controllable. And the PCs possess the superprism effect.

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