近年來，壓縮技術已發展的相當成熟，而其中H.264/AVC採用最新視訊壓縮技術，利用較少的資料，提供較高的視訊品質，相較於其他編解碼系統更能夠有效的節省頻寬以及儲存空間。而H.264已經被認可為 MPEG-4 視訊壓縮標準的一部份 — MPEG-4 Part 10 — 以及 ITU-T 的最新視訊會議標準。

　雖然H.264/AVC擁有著高壓縮比的特點，其計算量也相對較大，而減少了應用領域。因此我們希望能夠維持其高壓縮比的優勢，選擇了平行的方式，將計算量盡可能平均分配到不同電腦上處理，以達到縮短壓縮時間的目的。

　爲了要實作一個平行的系統，我們必須改變H.264/AVC的原始架構，在這篇論文中，我們針對H.264/AVC的特性提出了幾個可能的方案。由於H.264/AVC是一個參考資料相當多的壓縮演算法，因此在平行計算時，每個方案都會在壓縮比上產生不同的影響，文中我們將針對這些特性進行討論。最後以實際的平行系統，針對每個方案測試其計算時間，並對於加速情形進行分析、討論。

　In recent years, compress technology has been developed quite ripe. Among these technologies, the ITU-T video coding standards are denoted with H.26x (e.g., H.261, H.262, H.263 and H.26L). Compared to other existing video coding systems, H.264/AVC standard provides a higher video quality. Now, H.264/AVC is approved by MPEG-4 to be a part of MPEG-4, and it is also the latest standard of video conference.

　Because that H.264/AVC has higher compression ratio, the calculating amount will be largger. We hope to hold the high compression ratio, by using parallel way to separate the computing effort averagely operating on different computers to achieve the goal of reducing calculating time.

　In order to realize H.264/AVC into a parallel system, we have to change the primitive structure. In this thesis, direct against the characteristic of H.264/AVC , several possible schemes will be proposed. Because of the highly dependence between reference data, each scheme will make different effect on compression ratio and we will discuss about these properties. At the last, we will make a series of test on a parallel platform, and discuss situation in accelerating and these characteristics.

[1] “Draft ITU-T Recommendation and Final Draft International Standard of Joint Video Specification (ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC)”, in Joint Video Team, Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, JVT-G050, Mar. 2003.
[2] “Information Technology-Generic Coding of Audio-Visual Objects Part2: Visual”, in ISO/IEC, ISO/IEC 14496-2(MPEG-4 Video), 1999.
[3] T. Wiegand, M. Lightstone, D. Mukherjee, T. G. Campbell, and S. K. Mitra, “Rate-Distortion Optimized Mode Selection for Very Low Bit Rate Video coding and Emerging H.263 Standard,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and System for Video Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 182-190, Apr. 1996.
[4] “Message Passing Interface Forum. MPI: A message-passing interface standard,” International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 8(3/4):165–414, 1994.
[5] “Message Passing Interface Forum. MPI2: A message passing interface standard,” International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 12(1–2):1–299, 1998.
[6] J. Protic, M. Tomasevic and V. Milutinovic , “A survey of distributed shared memory systems,” IEEE System Sciences, 1995. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Hawaii International Conference on, vol. 1, pp. 74-84, Jan. 3-6, 1995.
[7] B.Meng, and O. C. Au, “Fast Intra-Prediction Mode Selection for 4x4 Blocks in H.264,” in Proc. ICASSP 2003, Hong-Kong, April 2003
[8] B.Meng, and O. C. Au, C. W. Wong, and H. K. Lam, “Efficient Intra-Prediction Mode Selection for 4x4 Blocks in H.264,” in Proc. IEEE ICME 2003,Baltimore, Maryland , July 2003.
[9] B.Meng, and O. C. Au, C. W. Wong, and H. K. Lam, “Efficient Intra-Prediction Algorithm in H.264,” in Proc. IEEE ICIP 2003,Barcelona, Spain, September 2003.
[10] C. Y. Chang, C. H. Pan, and H. Chen, “Fast Mode Decision for P-Frames in H.264,” Picture Coding Symposium, San Francisco, December 2004.
[11] C. S. Kim, H. H. Shih, and C. C. J. Kuo, “Feature-Based Intra-Prediction Mode Decision for H.264,” IEEE Proceedings of International Conference Image Processing 2004, Singapore, October 2004.
[12] D. Wu, S. Wu, K. P. Lim, F. Pan, Z. G. Li, and X. Lin, “Block Inter Mode Decision for Fast Encoding of H.264,” in Proc. IEEE ICASSP 2004, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
[13] C. S. Kim, Q. Li, and C. C. J. Kuo, “Fast Intra/Inter Mode Decision for H.264 Encoding Using A Risk-Minimization Criterion,” Special Session on Video Coding, SPIE 49th Annual Meeting 2004, Denver, Colorado, Aug. 2-6, 2004.
[14] I. Ahmad, S. M. Akramullah, M. L. Liou, and M. Ka.l, “A scalable off-line MPEG-2 video encoding scheme using a multiprocessor system,” Parallel Computing, 27(6):823–846, 2001.
[15] T. Olivares, P. Cuenca, F.J. Quiles, and A. Garrido, “ Parallelization of the mpeg coding algorithm over a multicomputer. a proposal to evaluate its interconnection network,” In IEEE PACRIM, vol. 1, pp. 113–116, New York, USA, Sep. 1997.
[16] K. Shen, L. A. Rowe, E. J. Delp, “ Parallel implementation of an MPEG-1 encoder: faster than real time,” Digital Video Compression: Algorithms and Technologies, pp. 407-418, 1995.
[17] A. Rodriguez, A. Gonzalez and M.P. Malumbres, “Performance evaluation of parallel MPEG-4 video coding algorithms on clusters of workstations,” Parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering, 2004. International Conference on. pp. 354-357, Sept. 7-10, 2004.
[18] H. Yong, I. Ahmad and M.L. Liou, “A Software-Based MPEG-4 Video Encoder Using Parallel Processing,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 8, pp. 909-920, Nov. 1998.
[19] Y. C. Chiu, C. K. Shieh, J. X. Wang, Alvin W. Y. Su, T. Y. Liang, “A Real Time MPEG-4 Parallel Encoder on Software Distributed Shared Memory Systems,” ISPA 2004, Hong Kong, China, pp. 965-974, Dec. 13-15, 2004.
[20] M. Wien, “Variable Block-Size Transfoems for H.264/AVC,” IEEE Trans.ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 7, JULY 2003
[21] Detlev Marpe, Member, IEEE, Heiko Schwarz, and Thomas Wiegand,” Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding in the H.264/AVC Video Compression Standard,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 7, JULY 2003
[22] PeterList,Anthony Joch, JaniLainema, GisleBjontegaard, MartaKarczewicz, “Adaptive Deblocking Filter,” IEEE Trans.ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 7, JULY 2003
[23] S. Zhu and K. K. Ma, “A New Diamond Search Algorithm for FastBlock Matching Motion Estimation,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing,vol. 9, pp. 287-290, 2000.
[24] G. J. Sullivan and T. Wiegand, “Rate-distortion optimization for video compression,” IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 74–90, Nov. 1998.
[25] T. Wiegand, H. Schwarz, A. Joch, F. Kossentini, and G. J. Sullian, “Rate-constrained coder control and comparison of video coding standards,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, no. 7, pp.688–703, Jul. 2003.